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Figure 24.9 A schematic, uncoiled nephron showing the three major renal processes that adjust plasma composition. Afferent arteriole Glomerular capillaries Efferent arteriole Cortical radiate artery 1 Glomerular capsule Renal tubule and collecting duct containing filtrate 2 Peritubular capillary 3 To cortical radiate vein Three major renal processes: Urine Glomerular filtration 1 Tubular reabsorption 2 Tubular secretion 3 © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 24.15 Summary of tubular reabsorption and secretion. Cortex 65% of filtrate volume reabsorbed • H2O • Na+, HCO3−, and many other ions • Glucose, amino acids, and other nutrients • H+ and NH4+ • Some drugs Outer medulla Regulated reabsorption • Na+ (by aldosterone; Cl− follows) • Ca2+ (by parathyroid hormone) Regulated secretion • K+ (by aldosterone) Regulated reabsorption • H2O (by ADH) • Na+ (by aldosterone; Cl− follows) • Urea (increased by ADH) • Urea Inner medulla Regulated secretion • K+ (by aldosterone) • Reabsorption or secretion to maintain blood pH described in Chapter 26; involves H+, HCO3−, and NH4+ © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Reabsorption Secretion Figure 24.18 Pyelogram. Kidney Renal pelvis Ureter Urinary bladder © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 24.19 Cross-sectional view of the ureter wall (10x). Lumen Mucosa • Transitional epithelium • Lamina propria Muscularis • Longitudinal Layer • Circular layer Adventitia © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 24.20 Structure of the urinary bladder and urethra. Peritoneum Ureter Rugae Detrusor Adventitia Ureteric orifices Trigone of bladder Bladder neck Internal urethral sphincter Prostate Trigone Prostatic urethra Intermediate part of the urethra External urethralsphincter Urogenital diaphragm Urethra External urethral orifice Female. Spongy urethra Erectile tissue of penis External urethral orifice Male. The long male urethra has three regions: prostatic, intermediate, and spongy. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 24.20 Structure of the urinary bladder and urethra. Peritoneum Ureter Rugae Detrusor Adventitia Ureteric orifices Trigone of bladder Bladder neck Internal urethral sphincter Prostate Trigone Prostatic urethra Intermediate part of the urethra External urethralsphincter Urogenital diaphragm Urethra External urethral orifice Female. Spongy urethra Erectile tissue of penis External urethral orifice Male. The long male urethra has three regions: prostatic, intermediate, and spongy. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 24.9 A schematic, uncoiled nephron showing the three major renal processes that adjust plasma composition. Afferent arteriole Glomerular capillaries Efferent arteriole Cortical radiate artery 1 Glomerular capsule Renal tubule and collecting duct containing filtrate 2 Peritubular capillary 3 To cortical radiate vein Three major renal processes: Urine Glomerular filtration 1 Tubular reabsorption 2 Tubular secretion 3 © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter Opener 24 © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 24.1 The urinary system. Hepatic veins (cut) Esophagus (cut) Inferior vena cava Adrenal gland Aorta Renal artery Renal hilum Renal vein Kidney Iliac crest Rectum (cut) Uterus (part of female reproductive system) Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
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