Download The attack on Pearl Harbor thrust the United States into World War II. f

 Source: Chronology adapted from Akira Iriye, Pearl Harbor and the Coming of the Pacific War, Bedford/St. Martin’s Press, Boston, 1999. 1932 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 July Aug. Dec. Japan completes occupation of Manchuria Japan attacks China Japan declares its policy to establish a “new order in East Asia” U.S. begins an embargo of aircraft and aircraft parts against Japan President Roosevelt moves U.S. Pacific Fleet from California to Pearl Harbor. U.S. freezes all Japanese assets and bank accounts U.S. imposes an oil embargo upon Japan Japan attacks Pearl Harbor 1) How many years was it between Japan’s attack on China and the United States? 2) What evidence w as there in 1939 that the U.S. did not agree with Japan’s “new order”? 3) What does it mean to freeze assets and bank accounts? (You may need to look this up) 4) Judging from the timeline what final action by the U.S. led Japan to attack Pearl Harbor? The attack on Pearl Harbor thrust the United States into World War II. The attack had significant and far reaching political effects on the United States, changing the minds of many who had been opposed to war or who had taken a passive stance towards the war in Europe. The increasing diplomatic confrontations and economic sanctions against Japan by the U.S. and others, compounded by Japan’s undeclared war in China precipitated the war in the Pacific. The Japanese visualized a bold attack on the Pacific Fleet while it lay at anchor at Pearl Harbor. Such a surprise strategic attack, bold and daring in its execution, would secure the Pacific. 5) What factors led to the attack on Pearl Harbor and the war in the Pacific? (Use the paragraph) (2 points) 6) Why do you think the Japanese did not issue a formal declaration of war against the U.S. before they attacked Pearl Harbor? Source: Reading adapted from the National Park Service visitors guide for the U.S.S. Arizona Memorial At approximately 8:10, the U.S.S. Arizona exploded, hit by a 1,760 pound armor piercing shell that slammed through her deck and ignited her forward ammunition magazine. In less than nine minutes, she sank with over 1,177 of her crew. The U.S.S. Oklahoma, hit by several torpedoes, rolled over, trapping more than 400 men inside. The U.S.S. California and the U.S.S. West Virginia sank at their moorings, while the U.S.S. Utah capsized with more than 50 of her crew. The U.S.S. Maryland, U.S.S. Pennsylvania, and the U.S.S. Tennessee all suffered significant damage. The U.S.S. Nevada attempted to run out to sea, but took several hits and had to run aground to avoid sinking and blocking the harbor entrance. While the attack on Pearl Harbor intensified, other military installations on Oahu were hit. Hickam, Wheeler, and Bellows airfields were attacked along with Ewa Marine Corps Air Station, Kaneohe Bay Naval Air Station, and the Schofield Barracks. All of these suffered varying degrees of damage, with hundreds of planes destroyed on the ground and hundreds of men killed or wounded. After about five minutes, American anti-­‐aircraft fire began to register hits. After a lull, at 8:40 a.m. the second wave of attacking planes focused on continuing the destruction inside the harbor, destroying the U.S.S. Shaw, a dry dock, and heavily damaging the U.S.S. Nevada, forcing her to run aground. The Japanese also attacked Hickam and Kaneohe airfields, causing heavy loss of life and reducing American ability to retaliate. Army Air Corps pilots managed to take off in a few fighters and may have shot down twelve enemy planes. At 10 a.m. the second wave of Japanese zeroes withdrew to the north, and the assault was over. The Japanese lost a total of twenty-­‐nine planes and five midget submarines, one of which was captured when it ran aground off Bellows Field. The attack was a great, but not total, success. Although the U.S. Pacific Fleet was shattered, its aircraft carriers (not in port at the time of the attack) were still afloat and Pearl Harbor was surprisingly intact. The shipyards, fuel storage areas, and submarine base suffered no more than slight damage. More importantly, the American people, previously divided over the issue of U.S. involvement in World War II, rallied together with a total commitment to victory over Japan and her Axis partners. 7) What U.S. battleship sustained the largest number of casualties that day? 8) What happened to the U.S.S. California and the U.S.S. West Virginia? 9) Explain what happened to the U.S.S. Nevada? 10) W hat other military instillations on the island o f Oahu were hit by the Japanese during the attack? (Be Specific) 11) W hat did the Japanese hit that limited the United States ability to retaliate? (Be Specific) 12) W hat damage was the U.S. able to inflict upon the Japanese? (Be Specific – use the numbers provided to you) 13) W hy was the success of Japanese in their attack on Pearl Harbor considered “great, but not a total success?” (2 points) Source: Information from chart comes from the U.S.S. Arizona Memorial, National Park Service December 7, 1941 losses Of the total number of people killed at Pearl Harbor, approximately Personnel Killed U.S. Japan 1,177 were sailors and marines serving on the U.S.S. Arizona. Navy 1998 64 Approximately 333 men aboard the U.S.S. Arizona survived the Marine Corps 109 attack. Army 233 Civilians 48 14) Based upon everything you read w hy were Japanese casualty numbers significantly lower than the United States? Personnel Wounded Navy 710 unknown Marine Corps 69 Army 364 Civilians 35 15) W hat percentage of the U.S. personnel killed came from the U.S.S. Arizona? Ships Total # men killed on U.S.S. Arizona Sunk or beached* 12 5 = Damaged 9 Total # U.S. killed in attack Planes Destroyed 164 29 16) W hat percentage of the crew survived the sinking o f the U.S.S. Damaged 159 74 Arizona? *Figures are subject to change according to new evidence Total # men survived on U.S.S. Arizona All U.S. ships, except the USS Arizona, the USS Utah, and the USS Oklahoma were salvaged and later saw action. = Total # of men aboard U.S.S. Arizona