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PUBLICATIONS ISSUED AND MANUSCRIPTS APPROVED – 2011 (followed by Species Lists) Alatawi, F., J. R. Nechols, and D. C. Margolies. 2011. Spatial distribution of predators and prey affect biological control of twospotted spider mites by Phytoseiulus persimilis in greenhouses. Biological Control 56(1): 36-42. Andreas, J., E. M. Coombs, G. L. Piper, J. Milan, and M. Schwarzlaender. 2011. Biological control, pp. 1-7. In E. Peachey, D. Ball, A. Hulting, J. Yenish, T. Miller, D. Morishita, and P. Hutchinson (eds.), Pacific Northwest Weed Management Handbook. Ext. Serv., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Asadi, R., Talebi, A. A., Khalghani, J., Fathipour, Y., Moharramipour, S., and Daane, K. M. 2011. Life history and demography of Psyllaephagus zdeneki (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a potential candidate for biological control of olive psylla, Euphyllura pakistanica (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). Biocontrol Science and Technology 21(7): 765778. Asiimwe, P., L. Brown, T. Vandervoet, P. Ellsworth, & S. Naranjo. 2011. Big-eyed bugs have a big appetite for pests. Field Crop IPM Shorts, Cooperative Extension, University of Arizona, Tucson. Berniker, L. and Weirauch, C. 2011. Polychromatism and New World biogeography: evidence from the bee assassin genus Apiomerus (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae). Systematic Entomology, Early View http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00600.x/abstract Berniker, L., Szerlip, S., Forero, D. and Weirauch, C. 2011. Revision of the crassipes and pictipes species groups of Apiomerus Hahn (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae). Zootaxa 2949, 1-113. Brown, L., T. Vandervoet, P. Ellsworth & S. Naranjo. 2011. Assassin bugs top the food web. Field Crop IPM Shorts, Cooperative Extension, University of Arizona, Tucson. Burks, R.A., Heraty, J.M., Gebiola, M. and Hansson, C. 2011. Combined molecular and morphological phylogeny of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), with focus on the subfamily Entedoninae. Cladistics 27: 1–25. Caspi-Fluger, A., M. Inbar, N. Mozes-Daube, L. Mouton, M.S. Hunter, and E. ZchoriFein 2011. Rickettsia 'in' and 'out': Two different localization patterns of a bacterial symbiont in the same insect species. PloS One 6(6): e21096. Caspi-Fluger, A., N. Mozes-Daube, M. Inbar, N. Katzir, V. Portnoy, E. Belausov, M.S. Hunter, and E. Zchori-Fein. 2011. Horizontal transmission of the insect symbiont Rickettsia is plant-mediated. Proc. Roy Soc. London, Series B Online 11/23/11; doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.2095 Cortés, E.; A.A. Kirk; J.A. Goolsby; P.J. Moran, A.E. Racelis and M.A. Marcos-García. Impact of the Arundo scale Rhizaspidiotus donacis (Leonardi) (Hemiptera; Diaspididae) on the weight of Arundo donax L. (Poaceae; Arundinoideae) rhizomes in Languedoc southern France and Mediterranean Spain. Biocontrol Science and Technology 21: 1369-1373. Cripps, M.G., G.W. Bourdôt, D.J. Saville, H.L. Hinz, S.V. Fowler, and G.R. Edwards. 2011. Influence of insects and fungal pathogens on individual and population parameters of Cirsium arvense in its native and introduced ranges. Biological Invasions 13: 2739-2754. Daane, K. M., Johnson, M. W., Pickett, C. H., Sime, K. R., Wang, X-G., Nadel, H., Andrews, J. W., and Hoelmer, K. A. 2011. Biological control of the olive fruit fly in California. California Agriculture 65(1): 21-28. Davidson, L.N. and E.W. Evans. 2011. Determining diets of ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from contents of frass. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 104: 675-681. Deas, J. B. and M.S. Hunter. 2011. Mothers modify eggs into shields to protect offspring from parasitism. Proc. Roy Soc. London, Series B Online 9/14/11; doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.1585 Eatough-Jones, M., Daane, K. M., and Paine, T. D. 2011. Establishment of Psyllaephagus parvus and P. perplexans as serendipitous biological control agents of Eucalyptus psyllids in southern California. BioControl 56(5): 735-744. Ellsworth, P. C., A. Mostafa, L. Brown & S. Naranjo. 2011. Soft-bodied Collops likes soft bodies. Field Crop IPM Shorts, Cooperative Extension, University of Arizona, Tucson. Ellsworth, P. C., L. Brown, A. Fournier, X. C. Li, J. Palumbo & S. Naranjo. 2011. Keeping cotton green! Field Crop IPM Shorts, Cooperative Extension, University of Arizona, Tucson. Eskelson, M.J., Chapman, E.G., Archbold, D.D., Obrycki, J.J., Harwood, J.D. (2011). Molecular identification of predation by carabid beetles on exotic and native slugs in a strawberry agroecosystem. Biological Control, 56, 245-253. Evans, E.W. and W.E. Snyder. 2011. Ladybugs. Pp. 400-404 in Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions (eds. Daniel Simberloff and Marcel Rejmánek) University of California Press. Evans, E.W., A. Soares, and H. Yasuda. 2011. Invasions by ladybugs, ladybirds, and other predatory beetles. BioControl 56: 597-611. Evans, E.W., R.F. Comont, and W. Rabitsch. 2011. Alien arthropod predators and parasitoids: interactions with the environment. BioControl 56: 395-407. Ext. Serv., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Fallahzadeh, M., Japoshvili, G., Saghaei, N., and Daane, K. M. 2011. Natural enemies of Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Fars province vineyards, Iran. Biocontrol Science and Technology 21: 427-433. Forero, D., Choe, D.-H. and Weirauch, C. 2011. Resin gathering in neotropical resin bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Reduviidae): Functional and comparative morphology. – Journal of Morphology 272: 204-229. Gariepy, T.D. & Messing, R.H. 2011. Development and use of molecular diagnostic tools to determine trophic links and interspecific interactions in aphid-parasitoid communities in Hawaii. Biological Control 60: 26-38. Gerber, E., U. Schaffner, A. Gassmann, H.L. Hinz, M. Seier, and H. Müller-Schärer. 2011. Prospects for biological control of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Europe: learning from the past. Weed Research 51: 559-573. Gerber, E., U. Schaffner, A. Gassmann, H.L. Hinz, M. Seier, and H. Müller-Schärer. 2011. Prospects for biological control of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Europe: learning from the past. Weed Research 51: 559-573. Gowda, P.H., J.A. Goolsby, C. Yang, S. Basu, A. Racelis, and T.A. Howell. 2011. Estimating water use by giant reed along the Rio Grande using a Large Aperture Scintillometer. Subtropical Plant Science 63: 1-6. Gross, K., and J. A. Rosenheim. 2011. Quantifying secondary pest outbreaks in cotton and their monetary cost with causal inference statistics. Ecological Applications 21: 2770-2780. Hagler, J.R. 2011. An immunological approach to quantify consumption of proteintagged Lygus hesperus by the entire cotton predator assemblage. Biological Control 58: 337-345. Heraty, J.M., Ronquist, F., Carpenter, J.C., Hawks, D., Schulmeister, S., Dowling, A., Murray, D., Munro, J.B., Schiff, N., Wheeler, W. C., and Sharkey, M., 2011. Hymenopteran relationships: Structure of a megaradiation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 60: 73–88. Himler, A.G, T. Adachi-Hagimori, J.E. Bergen, A. Kozuch, S.E. Kelly, B.E. Tabashnik, E. Chiel, V.E. Duckworth, T.J. Dennehy, E. Zchori-Fein, and M.S. Hunter 2011. Rapid spread of a bacterial symbiont in an invasive whitefly is driven by fitness benefits and female bias. Science 332: 254-256. Hoelmer, K. A., Kirk, A. A., Pickett, C. H., Daane, K. M., and Johnson, M. W. 2011. Prospects for improving the biological control of olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae), with introduced parasitoids (Hymenoptera). BioControl Science and Technology 21(9): 1005-1025. Hogg, B. N., and Daane, K. M. 2011. Ecosystem services in the face of invasion: the persistence of native and nonnative spiders in an agricultural landscape. Ecological Applications 21(2): 565–576. Hogg, B. N., and Daane, K. M. 2011. Impacts of a dominant non-native predator on predator diversity and herbivore suppression. Journal of Applied Ecology 48(2): 453461. Hogg, B. N., Bugg, R. L., and Daane, K. M. 2011. Attractiveness of common insectary and harvestable floral resources to beneficial insects. Biological Control 56: 76-84. Hopper, J. V., Nelson, E. H., Daane, K. M., and Mills, N. J. 2011. Growth, development and consumption by four syrphid species associated with the lettuce aphid, Nasonovia ribisnigri, in California. Biological Control 58(3): 271-276. Kaufman, L.V. & Wright, M.G. 2011. Ecological correlates of the non-indigenous parasitoid assemblage associated with a Hawaiian endemic moth. Oecologia 166: 1087-1098. Kirk, H., K. Vrieling, P. Pelser, and U. Schaffner. 2011. Can plant resistance to specialist herbivores be explained by plant chemistry or resource use strategy? Oecologia, online first, DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-2179-6. Krebs, C., E. Gerber, D. Matthies, and U. Schaffner. 2011. Herbivore resistance of invasive Fallopia species and their hybrids. Oecologia 167: 1041-1052. Law, Y. H., and J. A. Rosenheim. 2011. Effects of combining an intraguild predator with a cannibalistic intermediate predator on a species-level trophic cascade. Ecology 92:333-341. Lucas, É., and J. A. Rosenheim. 2011. Influence of extraguild prey density on intraguild predation in Heteroptera: a review of the evidence and a case study. Biological Control 59:61-67. Mantoanelli, E., Tauber, C. A., Albuquerque, G. S. & Tauber, M. J. 2011. Larvae of four species of Leucochrysa (Nodita) from Brazil’s Atlantic Coast (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Leucochrysini): a comparative study. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 104: 1233-1259 Moore, G.W., Watts, D.A., and Goolsby, J.A. 2010. Ecophysiological Responses of Giant Reed (Arundo donax) to Herbivory, Invasive Plant Science and Management 3: 521– 529. Moran, Patrick, J., P.J., J. A. Goolsby, A. E. Racelis, E. Cortes-Mendoza, M. A. MarcosGarcia, A. A. Kirk, John J. Adamczyk. 2011. Rhizaspidiotus donacis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), an armored scale released for biological control of giant reed, Arundo donax. Proceedings of the International Biological Control of Weeds Symposium, Waikaloa, Hawaii, Sept. 11-16, 2011. Moser, S.E., Kajita, Y., Harwood, J.D., Obrycki, J.J. (2011). Evidence for utilization of Diptera in the diet of field-collected coccinellid larvae from an antibody-based detection system. Biological Control, 58, 248-254. Mostafa, A., L. Brown, P. Ellsworth, V. Barlow & S. Naranjo. 2011. Untangling the web…Spiders in Arizona fields! Field Crop IPM Shorts, Cooperative Extension, University of Arizona, Tucson. Munro, J.B., Heraty, J., Burks, R.A., Hawks, D., Mottern, J.L., Cruaud, A., Rasplus, J.-Y. and Jansta, P. (2011) A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6: e27023. Murrell, C., E. Gerber, C. Krebs, M. Parepa, U. Schaffner, and O. Bossdorf. 2011. Invasive knotweed impacts native plants through allelopathy. American Journal of Botany 98: 38-43. Nachappa, Punya, David C. Margolies, James R. Nechols and James F. Campbell. 2011. Variation in predator foraging behavior changes predator-prey spatio-temporal dynamics. Functional Ecology 25: 1309-1317. Naranjo, S. E. 2011. Impacts of Bt transgenic cotton on integrated pest management. J. Agric. Food Chem. 59: 5842-5851. Peterson, J.A., Lundgren, J.G., Harwood, J.D. (2011). Interactions of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis crops with spiders (Araneae). Journal of Arachnology, 39, 1-21. Prabhaker, N, S. J. Castle, S. E. Naranjo, J. G. Morse. 2011. Compatibility of two systemic neonicotinoids, Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam, with several natural enemies of agricultural pests. J. Econ. Entomol. 104: 773-781. Puliafico, K.P., M. Schwarzländer, W.J. Price, B.L. Harmon, and H.L. Hinz. 2011. Native and Exotic Grass Competition with Invasive Hoary Cress (Cardaria draba). Invasive Plant Science and Management 4 (1): 38-49. Racelis, A.E., Goolsby, J.A., Penk, R., Jones, W.K., and Roland, T.J. 2010. The development of an inundative, aerial release technique for the arundo wasp, a biological control agent of the invasive Arundo donax. Southwestern Entomologist 35: 495-501. Rahman, T., Spafford, H. and Broughton, S. 2011. Compatibility of spinosad with predaceous mites (Acari) used to control Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Pest Management Science 67: 993-1003. Rahman, T., Broughton, S. and Spafford, H. 2011. Effect of spinosad and predatory mites on control of Frankliniella occidentalis in three strawberry cultivars Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 138:154-161. Rahman, T., Spafford, H. and Broughton, S. 2011. Single versus multiple releases of predatory mites (Acari) combined with spinosad for the management of western flower thrips (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in strawberry Crop Protection 30: 468-475. Rauth, S.J., H.L. Hinz, E. Gerber, and R. Hufbauer. 2011. The benefits of pre-release population genetics: A case study using Ceutorhynchus scrobicollis, a candidate agent of garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata. Biological Control 56: 67-75. Rosenheim, J. A. 2011. Stochasticity in reproductive opportunity and the evolution of egg limitation in insects. Evolution 65:2300-2312. Schaffner, U., W.M. Ridenour, V.C. Wolf, T. Bassett, C. Müller, H. Müller-Schärer, S. Sutherland, C.J. Lortie, and R.M. Callaway. 2011. Plant invasions, generalist herbivores, and novel defense weapons. Ecology 92: 829-835. Sharkey, M. J., Carpenter, J.C., Vilhelmsen, L, Heraty, J.M., Liljeblad, J., Dowling, A.P.G., Schulmeister, S., Murray, D., Deans, A., Ronquist, F., Krogmann, L., Wheeler, W.C. 2011. Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hymenoptera. Cladistics 27: 1–33. Sivakoff, F. J., J. A. Rosenheim, and J. Hagler. 2011. Using protein marking to study insect long distance dispersal. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 2:77-85. Sivakoff, F.R., J.A. Rosenheim, and J.R. Hagler. 2011. Threshold choice and the analysis of protein marking data in long-distance dispersal studies. Methods in Ecology and Evolution. 2: 77-85. Smith, I. A. 2011. The effects of two foraging traits on within-plant foraging efficiency of Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acrari: Phytoseiidae). M.S. Thesis. Kansas State University, Manhattan. Tauber, C. A. & Tauber, M. J. 2011. A new neuropteran record for the Hawaiian Islands (Chrysopidae). Records of the Hawaii Biol. Survey for 2009-2010 (N. L. Evenhuis & L. G. Eldredge, eds.) Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 109: 43. Tauber, C. A., Albuquerque & Tauber, M. J. 2011. Nomenclatorial changes and redescriptions of three of Navás’ Leucochrysa (Nodita) species (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae). ZooKeys 92: 9-33. Tosevski, I.; Caldara, R.;, Jović, J.; Hernandez-Vera, G.; Baviera, C.; Gassmann, A.; Emerson, E. 2011. Morphological, molecular and biological evidence reveal two cryptic species in Mecinus janthinus Germar (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a successful biological control agent of Dalmatian toadflax, Linaria dalmatica (Lamiales, Plantaginaceae). Systematic Entomology, 36: 741-753. Turner, P., Scott, J.K. and Spafford, H. 2011. Available soil phosphorus: a precursor to weed invasion and a barrier to the recovery of invaded ecological communities? Invasive Plant Science and Management 4:212-222. Vilà, M., Espinar, J.L., Hejda, M., Hulme, P.E., Jarošík, V., Maron, J.L., Pergl, J., Schaffner, U., Sun, Y., Pyšek, P. 2011. Ecological impacts of alien plants: a metaanalysis of their effects on native species, communities and ecosystems. Ecology Letters 14: 702-708. Wang, X.-G., Johnson, M. W., Opp, S. B., Krugner, R., Daane, K. M. 2011. Honeydew and insecticide bait as competing food resources for a fruit fly and common natural enemies in the olive agroecosystem. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 139 (2): 128–137. Wang, X.-G., Johnson, M. W., Yokoyama, V. Y., Pickett, C. H., and Daane, K. M. 2011. Comparative field evaluation of two olive fruit fly parasitoids under different climatic conditions. BioControl 56: 283-293. Warner, K. D., Daane, K. M., Getz, C. M., Maurano, S., Calderon, S., Powers, K. 2011. The decline of public interest agricultural science and the dubious future of crop biological control in California. Agriculture and Human Values (DOI: 10.1007/s10460-010-9288-4). Watanabe M., K. Miura, M.S. Hunter, and E. Wajnberg 2011. Superinfection of cytoplasmic incompatibility-inducing Wolbachia is not additive in Orius strigicollis (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) Heredity, 106: 642-648. Weed, A.S.; Gassmann, A.; Casagrande, R.A. 2011. Effects of leaf and root herbivory by potential insect biological control agents on the performance of invasive Vincetoxicum spp.. Biological Control 56: 50-58. Weirauch, C., Forero, D. and Jacobs, D. H. 2011. On the evolution of raptorial legs – an insect example (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Phymatinae). Cladistics 27: 138-149. Welch, K.D., Crain, P.R., Harwood, J.D. (2011). Successional dynamics of web-building spiders in alfalfa: implications for biological control. Journal of Arachnology, 39, 244-249. Welch, K.D., Harwood, J.D. (2011). Predator-pathogen interactions: synergy between mortality causes and failure of the healthy herds hypothesis. Functional Ecology, 25, 943-944. White, J.A. C. Hurak, J.A. Wulff, M.S. Hunter, and S.E. Kelly. 2011. Parasitoid bacterial symbionts as markers of within-host competitive outcomes: superparasitoid advantage and sex ratio bias. Ecological Entomology 36: 786-789. White, J.A., S.E. Kelly, S.N. Cockburn, S.J. Perlman, and M.S. Hunter. 2011. Endosymbiont costs and benefits in a parasitoid infected with both Wolbachia and Cardinium. Heredity 106: 585-591. Wolf, V.; Berger, U.; Gassmann, A.; Müller, C. 2011. High chemical diversity of a plant species is accompanied by increased chemical defence in invasive populations. Biological Invasions 13: 2091-2102. Wright, M.G. & Stouthamer, R. 2011. First report of Trichogramma achaeae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) from Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 43: 67. Wright, M.G. 2011. Pineapple insects; ecology and control. Encyclopedia of Pest Management. Encyclopedia of Pest Management DOI: 10.1081/E-EPM-120042882 Copyright # 2011 by Taylor & Francis. Wright, M.G., Diez, J.M. 2011. Egg parasitism by Trissolcus basalis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) in architecturally varied habitats and observations on parasitism in macadamia nut orchards and other habitats following augmentative release. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 43: 23-31. Yokoyama, V. Y., Rendόn, P. A., Wang, X.-G., Opp, S. B., Johnson, M. W., and Daane, K. M. 2011. Response of Psyttalia humilis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to olive fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) and conditions in California olive orchards. Environmental Entomology 40(2): 315-323. Zhang, G. and Weirauch, C. 2011. Sticky predators: a comparative study of raptorial glands in harpactorine assassin bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Acta Zoologica, Early View http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.14636395.2011.00522.x/full W2185 Target Pest Groups Arthropod Pests Aphids: (1) Acyrthosiphon pisum, (2) Aphis craccivora, (3) Aphis gossypii, (4) Chromaphis juglandicola, (5) Melanocallis caryaefoliae, (6) Monellia caryella, (7) Monelliopsis pecanis, (8) Myzocallis walshii, (9) Myzus persicae (10) Pentalonia nigronervosa, (11) Toxoptera citricida, (12) Diuraphis noxia (13) Unspecified species Beetles: (1) Ceutorhynchus obstrictus, (2) Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, (3) Hypera postica, (4) Lilioceris lilii, (5) Oulema melanopus, (6) Cylas formicarius, (7) Oryctes rhinoceros, (8) Unspecified species Heteroptera: (1) Anasa tristis, (2) Erythroneura variabilis, (3) Leptoglossus clypealis, (4) Lygus spp., (6) Nezara viridula, (7) Bagrada hilaris, (8) Halyomorpha halys, (9) Pseudacysta perseae, (10) Megacopta cribraria, Kudzu bug (11) Unspecified species Lepidoptera: (1) Acropsis muxnoriella, (2) Acrolepiopsis assectella, (3) Adoxophyes orana, (4) Amyelois transitella, (5) Anarsia lineatella, (6) Choristoneura rosaceana, (7) Cydia pomonella, (8) Enarmonia formosana, (9) Heliothis zea, (10) Marmara spp., (11) Pandemis limitata, (12) Pandemis heparana, (13) Pectinophora gossypiella, (14) Phyllocnistis citrella, (15) Plutella xylostella, (16) Spodoptera exigua, (17) Epiphyas postvittana, (18) Lobesia botrana, (19) Unspecified species Sessile (Sternorrynchus) Hemiptera: (1) Aonidiella aurantii, (2) Coccus pseudomagnoliarum, (3) Dysmicoccus brevipes, (4) Dysmicoccus neobrevipes, (5) Glycaspis brimblecombei, (6) Maconellicoccus hirsustus, (7) Planococus ficus, (8) Pseudococcus maritimus, (9) Pseudococcus viburni, (10) Quadraspidiosus perniciosus, (11) Saissetia oleae, (12) Icerya seychellarum, (13) Aspidiotus destructor, (14) Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, white peach scale,(15) Unspecified species Fruit flies (tephritids): Whiteflies: (1) Bactrocera cucurbitae, (2) Bactrocera dorsalis, (3) Bactrocera latifrons, (4) Bactrocera oleae, (5) Ceratitis capitata, (6) Unspecified species (1) Bemisia spp., (2) Aleurodicus dugesii, (3) Paraleyrodes spp., (4) Unspecified species. Other arthropods: (1) Cacopsylla pyricola, (2) Cephus cinctus, (3) Delia radicum, (4) Eucalyptolyma maideni, (5) Glycaspis brimblecombei, (6) Homalodisca vitripennis (= coagulata), (7) Liriomyza trifolii, (8) Scirtothrips perseae. (9) Tetranychus urticae, (10) Frankliniella occidentalis, (11) Quadrastichus erythrinae, (12) Piezodorus guildinii, (13) Scirtothrips citri, (14) Panonychus citri, (15) Drosophila suzukii, (16) Tetranychus marianae, (17) Unspecified species Weeds Brassicas : (1) Alliaria petiolata, (2) Isatis tinctoria, (3) Lepidium (= Cardaria) draba, (4) Lepidium latifolium Gorse and broom: (1) Ulex europaeus, (2) Cytisus spp., (3) Genista monspessulana, (4) Spartium junceum Grasses: (1) Arundo donax, (2) Phragmites australis, (3) Megathrysus infestus Knapweeds: (1) Rhaponticum (Acroptilon) repens, (2) Centaurea diffusa, (3) Centaurea stoebe subsp. micranthos, (4) Centaurea solstitialis, (5) Centaurea virgata spp. squarrosa Purple loosestrife: (1) Lythrum salicaria Saltcedars: (1) Tamarix ramosissima, (2) Tamarix spp. Spurges: (1) Euphorbia esula, (2) Euphorbia virgata Thistles: (1) Carduus nutans, (2) Carduus tenuiflorus, (3) Cirsium arvense, (4) Cirsium vulgare, (5) Carduus pycnocephalus, (6) Onopordum spp. Tumbleweeds : (1) Salsola australis, (2) Salsola paulsenii, (3) Salsola tragus Other weeds: (1) Chondrilla juncea, (2) Convolvulus arvensis, (3) Cynoglossum officinale, (4) Delairea odorata, (5) Dipsacus laciniatus, (6) Galium aparine, (7) Pilosella (Hieracium) spp., (8) Hypericum perforatum, (9) Linaria genistifolia, (10) Linaria vulgaris, (11) Peganum harmala, (12) Potentilla recta, (13) Salvia aethiopis, (14) Salvinia molesta, (15) Jacobaea vulgaris (Senecio jacobaea), (16) Tanacetum vulgare, (17) Elaeagnus angustifolia, (18) Tribulus terrestris, (19) Eichhornia crassipes, (20) Pueraria montana, (21) Leucanthemum vulgare, (22) Mikania micrantha, (23) Unspecified specie