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Download Root system - CoconinoHighSchool
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Plant structure - cells, tissue, organisation & growth Leaves and photosynthesis C4 photosynthesis CAM photosynthesis Plant water relations Plants and nutrients Plant reproduction - asexual - sexual reproduction - pollination - seed dispersal Root system Shoot system Root system Lateral roots Taproot Shoot system Shoot system Leaves Stem Root system Lateral roots Taproot Shoot system Branch Leaves Stem Root system Lateral roots Taproot Apical bud Shoot system Lateral bud Branch Leaves Stem Root system Lateral roots Taproot Apical bud Node Shoot system Internode Lateral bud Node Branch Leaves Stem Root system Lateral roots Taproot Basic functions of roots, stems and leaves: Roots Roots: • Find and absorb water • Find and absorb nutrients • Host symbionts • Anchorage and support • Attachment • Photosynthesis • Storage • Breathing or ventilation (mangroves) • Reproduction Absorbing water and nutrients Roots of pea plant Nodules Host symbionts Anchorage and support Attachment Photosynthesis! Storage pneumatophores Asexual reproduction Stems Transport and support. Cactus stems store water, photosynthesize. Stolons produce new individuals at nodes above ground. Rhizomes produce new individuals at nodes below ground. Tubers store carbohydrates. Thorns provide protection. Leaves Intercept light Fix CO2 Storage • Food • Water Support Protection (spines) Collect nutrients • Animals • Leaves and compost Reproduction • Asexual • Sexual (pollination) Shoot system Sunlight CO2 Root system Transport of water, sugar, and nutrients through vascular tissue Water Nutrients (such as N, P, K) Plant structure - cells, tissue, organisation & growth Leaves and photosynthesis C4 photosynthesis CAM photosynthesis Plant water relations Plants and nutrients Plant reproduction • asexual • sexual reproduction - pollination - seed dispersal Growth Determinate growth Growth Determinate growth Indeterminate growth Growth Determinate growth Indeterminate growth Growth Determinate growth Indeterminate growth Zone of Cellular Maturation (a) Longitudinal section of root segment Lateral root Primary Growth Root hair Zone of Cellular Division Zone of Cellular Elongation (b) Close-up of root tip Vascular tissue Ground tissue Epidermal tissue Apical mersitem Sloughed-off root cap cells Root cap mucilage Primary Growth Leaf primordia Apical meristem at tip of shoot Apical meristem in lateral bud Primary growth Secondary Growth Cross section of a eudicot stem Epidermis Cortex Pith (ground tissue) Vascular bundle Detailed view of vascular bundle in a eudicot Epidermis Collenchyma Phloem Cambium Xylem Secondary meristem = cambium Secondary meristem = cambium Cylinders the length of root or stem Secondary meristem = cambium Cylinders the length of root or stem Increase width of stems and roots Woody stems contain two lateral meristems. Vascular cambium adds cells on inside and outside Woody stems contain two lateral meristems. Vascular cambium adds cells on inside and outside Cork cambium adds cells to the outside Wood and bark contain a variety of cells and tissues. Cork Cork cambium Bark Secondary phloem Vascular cambium Wood Parenchyma cells (in rays) Secondary xylem Differentiation Division Differentiation Division Differentiation Division Growth Secondary phloem Time Vascular cambium Secondary xylem Heartwood and sapwood have different functions. Heartwood provides structural support but no longer transports water Sapwood transports water Bark Growth rings result from variation in cell size. Late wood One growth ring Early wood Increment borer cuts core from trunk. Core samples from three nearby trees These samples are lined up by year; notice similar ring patterns in trees from the same area
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