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Chapter 8
Lesson 2 The Skeletal System
Objectives
•
Describe the functions of the skeletal system.
•
Explain how the skeletal system changes with age.
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Chapter 8
Lesson 2 The Skeletal System
Bones and Joints
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Bones A bone is an organ of the skeletal system.
Bones are hard because they store minerals.
•
Bone Marrow Inside a bone is soft tissue called
bone marrow. Bone marrow makes blood cells for
the body.
•
Joints A joint is a place where two or more bones
meet.
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Chapter 8
Lesson 2 The Skeletal System
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Chapter 8
Lesson 2 The Skeletal System
Bone and Joint Development
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Cartilage Before birth, most of the bones in a
baby’s body are made of cartilage. Cartilage is a
soft, flexible tissue.
•
Bone Formation Cartilage starts changing to bone
before a baby is born. The soft tissue hardens and
becomes bone tissue as minerals, such as calcium,
build up in the bone. This change is not finished
until a person is around 18 years old.
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Chapter 8
Lesson 3 The Muscular System
Objectives
•
Describe the three different types of muscle.
•
Explain the three different types of muscle.
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Chapter 8
Lesson 3 The Muscular System
Many Kinds of Muscles
•
Skeletal Muscle Skeletal muscle is muscle that is
attached to bones.
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Smooth Muscle Smooth muscle is muscle that
forms some internal organs.
•
Cardiac Muscle Cardiac muscle is muscle that
forms the heart.
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Chapter 8
Lesson 3 The Muscular System
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Chapter 8
Lesson 3 The Muscular System
Muscles and Movement
•
How Muscles Move Bones When skeletal
muscles contract, they pull on bones. When a
muscle contracts, its two ends are pulled towards
its center. If the two ends are attached to different
bones, the bones are pulled towards each other.
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Chapter 8
Lesson 3 The Muscular System
Muscles work in pairs. Here, the biceps and triceps
move the bones of the arm by pulling them in
opposite directions.
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Chapter 8
Lesson 4 The Digestive System
Objectives
•
Explain how the body uses food.
•
Explain four ways that the body releases waste
products.
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Chapter 8
Lesson 4 The Digestive System
Food and Nutrients
•
What Is Digestion? Digestion is the process of
breaking down food into a form your body can use.
•
What Are Nutrients? Nutrients are substances in
food that the body needs to work properly.
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Chapter 8
Lesson 4 The Digestive System
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Chapter 8
Lesson 4 The Digestive System
Solid Waste
•
The Large Intestine and Food Material The large
intestine absorbs water and salts from the
remaining food material. The parts of food that the
body cannot use become solid waste.
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Chapter 8
Lesson 4 The Digestive System
Nondigestive Waste Removal
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The Kidneys The kidneys mix wastes with water to
form urine. Urine is released from the body by the
urinary system.
•
The Lungs Carbon dioxide is released from the
body when you breathe.
•
The Skin Sweat glands in the skin remove salt and
water by sweating.
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Quote of the Day
“The human body is a machine which winds
its own springs.”
—Julien Offroy de la Mettrie,
L’Homme Machine
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