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Nano Drug Carriers
A Nanodrug Journey
Prepared by:
Ahmed Sayed
Supervised by:
Dr. Ahmed Gamal
Introduction
Nanoparticles
Nanoparticles are engineered particles between 1 to 100
nanometers in size, offering unique properties ideal for
medical use.
Key Applications:
 Targeted Drug and Gene Delivery: Directs treatments to
specific cells, improving efficacy and reducing side effects.
 Advanced Imaging and Diagnostics: Enhances contrast
and accuracy in imaging techniques like MRI and PET… etc
Nanoparticles
Bioavailability
 Enhanced Absorption: Small size allows better tissue
and cellular uptake.
 Increased Stability: Protects drugs from enzymatic
degradation.
 Improved Solubility: Encapsulation boosts the
solubility of hydrophobic drugs.
 Barrier Penetration: Can cross physiological barriers
(like the blood-brain barrier)
Nanoparticles
Targeting mechanisms
A. Passive
Targeting:
Utilizes
the
enhanced
permeability and retention (EPR) effect in tumors
and inflamed tissues, where leaky blood vessels
allow nanoparticles to accumulate.
B. Active Targeting: Involves ligand-functionalized
nanoparticles (e.g., peptides or antibodies) that
bind to specific cellular receptors, triggering
receptor-mediated endocytosis for precise drug
delivery.
Nanoparticles
Cellular Uptake
 Direct Penetration: Nanoparticles functionalized
with cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can cross
the cell membrane directly, bypassing endocytic
pathways.
 Endocytic Uptake: Nanoparticles are internalized
via various forms of endocytosis, including:
• Clathrin-mediated
• Caveolae-mediated
• Phagocytosis
Nanoparticles
Endosomal escaping
Proton Sponge Effect
• Ionizable or cationic materials in
nanoparticles
absorb
protons
in
endosomes.
• This triggers ion influx and osmotic
swelling, causing membrane rupture
and cargo release.
H20
Nanoparticles
Endosomal escaping
Membrane Fusion
•
Lipid-based or hybrid nanoparticles
fuse with endosomal membranes,
forming pores or destabilizing the
membrane.
•
Often
triggered
by
pH-sensitive
components for targeted cytosolic
delivery.
Nanoparticles
Drug Release
Diffusion-Controlled Release
a) Drug diffuses out of the nanoparticle
matrix or membrane.
b) Initial burst release followed by
sustained release.
c) Release
rate
depends
on
drug
solubility and diffusion within the
matrix.
Nanoparticles
Drug Release
Matrix Erosion/Degradation:
• Biodegradable nanoparticles degrade over time, releasing the drug.
• Release rate depends on polymer degradation, influenced by molecular weight,
crystallinity, and composition.
• Allows sustained release over extended periods.
Thank you