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WATER-HOLDING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LITTER LAYER OF DIFFERENT TREE-BASED LAND COVERS IN MT. PANGASUGAN MARK MATTHEW AUXTERO AUGUIS MS in Forestry [email protected] INTRODUCTION The forest provides a wide range SERVICES of ECOSYSTEM The forest plays is crucial role in the HYDROLOGIC CYCLE INTRODUCTION What does the litter layer do? Covers the bare land Reallocates rainfall Helps in conserving soil water Measure against soil erosion More frequent extreme weather events Highly erosive rainfall OBJECTIVE Evaluate the water-holding characteristics of the litter layer across the five tree-based land covers in Mt. Pangasugan via field sampling and laboratory experiments. Determine the water-holding characteristics of the Determine the difference in the litter mass and litter layer across the five tree-based land Examine the effects of the tree-based land covers thickness and the water-holding characteristics covers forest, narra plantation, mahogany on the (natural water-holding characteristics of the litter among the five tree-based land covers in Mt. plantation, rainforestation site, and abandoned layers Pangasugan; and Kaingin site) in Mt. Pangasugan MATERIALS AND METHODS a b c (a). The Philippine archipelago, (b). the location of Mt. Pangasugan in Leyte Island, and (c). the location of the sampling plots. ©Google Earth Pro (2022). MATERIALS AND METHODS Description of the Sampling Sites Abandoned Kaingin Site Rainforestation Site Narra Plantation Natural Forest Mahogany Plantation MATERIALS AND METHODS Establishment of the Sampling Plots Establishment of the Sampling Plots Diameter tape Tree height measurement Spherical densiometer Establishment of the Sampling Plots Characteristics of the sample plots TREE-BASED LAND COVER Narra Plantation Mahogany Plantation Rainforestation Natural Forest Abandoned Kaingin MEAN DBH (cm) 42.66 33.47 53.24 35.91 24.94 MEAN HEIGHT (m) 7.03 6.33 9.46 9.32 5.45 TREE DENSITY (trees/ha) 1967 2467 1,233 1,950 1,467 CANOPY CLOSURE 92.72 94.11 DOMINANT SPECIES Coffea arabica Ficus ulmifolia Pterocymbium tinctorium Swietenia macrophylla Artocarpus heterophyllus Ficus latsoni 91.68 Diplodiscus paniculatus Parashorea malaanonan Dipterocarpus validus 97.57 Lithocarpus llanosii Strombosia philippinensis Anisoptera thurifera 89.6 Canarium luzonicum Artocarpus blancoi Ficus ulmifolia THE SOAKING EXPERIMENT 2 . 1 . A . 3 . B . THE SOAKING EXPERIMENT 4 . 5 . 6 . Litter Water-holding Characteristics Formula 1. Mean Water Content: π΄π β π΄π πΉπ = × πππ π΄π 2. Maximum Water-holding Capacity πΎπ = π΄ππ β π΄π 3. Maximum Water-holding Capacity (expressed in percentage) π΄ππ β π΄π πΉπ = × πππ π΄π 4. Water-retention Capacity π2 = π 2 × π2 5. Maximum Water-retention Capacity π 2 = π 1 β π 0 6. Effective Water-retention Capacity π = 0.85π 1 × π 0 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS A test of significance between variables (litter mass, litter thickness, maximum water-holding capacity, maximum water-retention capacity, and effective water-retention capacity) was done through one-way ANOVA This was followed by Tukey HSD test for the variables with a normal distribution (p β€ 0.05) and homogenous variance (Haynes, 2013); otherwise, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA with a multiple-comparison extension test was applied (Kruskal & Wallis, 2008) Data analyses were performed using the R Program (R Core Team, 2022). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION LITTER THICKNESS LITTER MASS MAXIMUM WATER-HOLDING CAPACITY MAXIMUM WATER-RETENTION CAPACITY EFFECTIVE WATER-RETENTION CAPACITY CONCLUSION The hydrological effect of the litter layer in Mt. Pangasugan is obvious The water conservation ability of the entire litter layer was higher in the natural forest as compared to other tree-based land covers. Narra and Mahogany plantations also showed promising water retention characteristics The preservation and restoration of natural forests should be reinforced to improve soil and water conservation and maximize tropical forest water conservation and its ecological benefits Utilizing Mahogany and Narra in tree plantation development and forest restoration initiative is a sensible option RECOMMENDATION Consider the abscission period of the tree species in the site. This will minimize bias in computing the litter thickness and litter mass. Collect samples during the same weather conditions. Conduct similar studies with the same tree-based land covers but with different locations. Collect litter samples over a longer time to cover variations in the water holding characteristics across different weather events WATER-HOLDING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LITTER LAYER OF DIFFERENT TREE-BASED LAND COVERS IN MT. PANGASUGAN MARK MATTHEW AUXTERO AUGUIS MS in Forestry (cand.) [email protected]
