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// question: 0 name: Switch category to $course$/top/biopotentials/PD
$CATEGORY: $course$/top/biopotentials/PD
// question: 2761585 name: AP amplitude:
::Amplitude of PD\:::[html]Amplitude of PD\:{
~equal to the amplitude of the PP
=exceeds the amplitude of PP
~ smaller than the amplitude of PP
}
// question: 2761578 name: As a result of the depolarization phase:
::As a result of the depolarization phase\:::[html]As a result of the
depolarization phase\:{
~membrane potential drops to zero
~ there is a doubling of the membrane potential
=Membrane potential reversal takes place
}
// question: 2761584 name: The rising phase of the action potential is
otherwise called
::The rising phase of the action potential is otherwise called::[html]The rising
phase of the action potential is otherwise called{
~polarization
=depolarization
~repolarization
}
// question: 2761583 name: In the process of action potential generation,
potassium ions and sodium ions move ...
::During action potential generation, potassium ions and sodium ions move
...::[html]During action potential generation, potassium ions and sodium ions move
across the membrane\:{
~ through the same channels
=different channels
~by simple diffusion through the bilipid layer
}
// question: 2676645 name: In the process of action potential generation, the
transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is carried out by
::In the process of action potential generation, the transport of sodium and
potassium ions across the membrane is carried out by::[html]<p>In the process of
action potential generation, the transport of sodium and potassium ions across the
membrane is carried out by</p>{
~<p>active transport</p>
~<p>easy diffusion</p>
~<p>simple diffusion through the bilipid layer</p>
=<p>simple channel diffusion</p>
}
// question: 2676426 name: The depolarization phase results in
::As a result of the depolarization phase occurs::As a result of the
depolarization phase occurs{
~ the fall of the membrane potential to zero
= diaphragm recharging
~increase of the negative charge on the inner side of the membrane
}
// question: 2761586 name: During the depolarization phase, the membrane
permeability to sodium ions:
::During the depolarization phase, the membrane permeability to sodium
ions\:::[html]During the depolarization phase, the membrane permeability to sodium
ions\:{
~ no change
~ doubles in size
=increases by a factor of 500
}
// question: 2676649 name: In the depolarization phase, the membrane
permeability for sodium ions
::In the depolarization phase, the membrane permeability to sodium
ions::[html]<p>In the depolarization phase, the membrane permeability to sodium
ions</p>{
~<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">doubles</font></p>
=<p><font
size\=3
face\="Tahoma">increases
by
500
times</font></p>
~<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">decreases by a factor of
500</font></p>.
~<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">no change</font></p>
}
// question: 2676648 name: By the end of the depolarization phase the inner
side of the membrane
::By the end of the depolarization phase, the inner side of the
membrane::[html]<p>by the end of the depolarization phase, the inner side of the
membrane</p>{
=<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">positively charged</font></p>
~<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">charged negatively</font></p>
~<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">has no charge</font></p>
~<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">charged differently in different
cells</font></p>
}
// question: 2676651 name: Descending phase of action potential:
::The descending phase of the action potential\::[html]<p>The descending
phase of the action potential\:</p>{
~<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">depolarization</font></p>
~<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">hyperpolarization</font></p>
=<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">repolarization</font></p>
~<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">accommodation</font></p>
}
// question: 2761582 name: At the end of the repolarization process:
::At the end of the repolarization process\:::[html]At the end of the
repolarization process\:{
~ the membrane potential takes on a zero value
~ the inner surface of the membrane is positively charged relative to the
outer surface
= the initial potential difference is restored on the membrane
}
// question: 2676427 name: At the end of the repolarization process, the
membrane potential
::At the end of the repolarization process, the membrane potential::[html]At
the end of the repolarization process, the membrane potential{
~[moodle]takes a null value
~[moodle]exceeds the value that was at the peak of depolarization
=[moodle]returns to rest level
}
// question: 2761576 name: Action Potential:
::Action Potential\:::[html]Action Potential\:{
~always fades quickly
=propagates along the entire membrane
~ is attenuated if it occurred under the influence of a subliminal stimulus
}
// question: 2761581 name: Action potential occurs under the influence of a
stimulus
::Action potential arises under the influence of a stimulus::[html]Action
potential arises under the influence of a stimulus{
=threshold or suprathreshold
~only supra-threshold
~subliminal
}
// question: 2761579 name: Action potential is formed by threads:
::Action potential is formed by streams\::[html]Action potential is formed by
streams\:{
~ potassium and sodium inside the cell
~ potassium and sodium from the cell
=potassium - out of the cell, sodium - in the cell
}
// question: 2761577 name: Relationship between membrane permeability for
potassium, sodium, and chlorine ions on ...
::Ratio between membrane permeability for potassium, sodium, and chlorine
ions at ...::[html]Ratio between membrane permeability for potassium, sodium, and
chlorine ions at height of depolarization phase\:{
~1 \: 1 \: 1
=1 \: 20 \: 0,45
~1 \: 5 \: 0,04
}
// question: 2676430 name: Method of transporting sodium and potassium
ions across the membrane during PD generation:
::Method of transporting sodium and potassium ions across the membrane
during PD generation\:::Method of transporting sodium and potassium ions across
the membrane during PD generation\:{
~active transport
=diffusion through channels
~simple diffusion
}
// question: 2761580 name: Transmembrane fluxes of potassium and sodium
ions during action potential generation:
::Transmembrane fluxes of potassium and sodium ions during action potential
generation\::[html]Transmembrane fluxes of potassium and sodium ions during
action potential generation\:{
=approximately equal in magnitude to
~ not equal\: more potassium flux
~ not equal\: more sodium flux
}
// question: 2676429 name: Conditions of hyperpolarization phase:
::Hyperpolarization phase conditions\::[html]Hyperpolarization
conditions\:{
~P<sub>K</sub> normal, P<sub>Na</sub> elevated
=P<sub>Na</sub> normal, P<sub>K</sub> elevated
~P<sub>Na</sub> normal, P<sub>K</sub> reduced
}
phase
// question: 2676646 name: The hyperpolarization phase takes place when the
membrane permeability to sodium and potassium is higher than at rest:
::The hyperpolarization phase occurs when the membrane permeabilities for
sodium and potassium compared to rest\::[html]<p>The hyperpolarization phase
occurs when the membrane permeabilities for sodium and potassium compared to
rest\:</p>{
~<p> both are elevated</p>
~<p> both lowered</p>
~<p>P<sub>Na</sub> elevated, P<sub>K</sub> normal</p>
=<p>P<sub>Na</sub> normal, P<sub>K</sub> elevated</p>
}
// question: 2676428 name: Depolarization phase is due to
::Depolarization phase conditioned::Depolarization phase conditioned{
=increased sodium permeability of the membrane
~increased potassium membrane permeability
~ by decreasing the sodium permeability of the membrane
}
// question: 2676647 name: Repolarization phase begins with a change in
permeability for ions
::The repolarization phase begins with a change in permeability for
ions::[html]<p>The repolarization phase begins with a change in permeability for
ions</p>{
~<p>sodium, with P<sub>Na</sub> increasing</p>
~<p>sodium, with P<sub>Na</sub> decreasing</p>
=<p>potassium, with P<sub>K</sub> increasing</p>
~<p>potassium, with P<sub>K</sub> decreasing</p>
}
// question: 2676425 name: Action potential phases in order of occurrence:
::Action potential phases in order of occurrence\::Action potential phases in
order of occurrence\:{
~repolarization, depolarization, hyperpolarization
~hyperpolarization, depolarization, repolarization
=depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization
}
//
question:
0
name:
Switch
category
$course$/top/Biopotentials/Biopotentials (test)
$CATEGORY: $course$/top/Biopotentials/Biopotentials (test)
to
// question: 2761554 name: The author of the membrane theory of the origin
of biopotentials is:
::The author of the membrane theory of the origin of biopotentials
is\:::[html]The author of the membrane theory of the origin of biopotentials is\:{
~Einthoven
~Einstein
=Bernstein
}
// question: 2761628 name: Alan Hodgkin won the Nobel Prize
::Alan Hodgkin won the Nobel Prize::[html]Alan Hodgkin won the Nobel
Prize{
~ for participating in the derivation of the Nernst equation
=for the development of the membrane theory of biopotentials
~for creating a mosaic model of the biomembrane
}
// question: 2761568 name: Biopotentials:
::Biopotentials\:::[html]Biopotentials\:{
=totally related to the metabolic processes of the body
~not related to metabolism
~ are related only to metabolic processes in the myocardium
}
// question: 2676423 name: Excitability is called
::Excitability is called::Excitability is called{
=the ability of cells to excite
~same as excitement
~any response to annoyance
}
// question: 2761570 name: The origin of biopotentials is based on:
::The origin of biopotentials lies\:::[html]The origin of biopotentials lies\:{
=existence of concentration ionic gradients
~symmetric distribution of ions relative to the membrane
~presence of special sources in the cytoplasm of all cells that generate
electrical impulses
}
// question: 2676655 name: At rest, the membrane is permeable mainly to ions
::At rest, the membrane is permeable mainly to ions::[html]<p>At rest, the
membrane is permeable mainly to ions</p>{
~<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">sodium</font></p>
=<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">potassium</font></p>
~<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">equal for sodium and potassium
ions</font></p>
~<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">chlorine</font></p>
}
// question: 2676400 name: At rest, the membrane is permeable mainly to ions
::At rest, the membrane is permeable mainly to ions::At rest, the membrane is
permeable mainly to ions{
=potassium
~sodium
~chlorine
}
// question: 2761575 name: In the development of the membrane theory of
biopotentials a great contribution was made by
::In the development of the membrane theory of biopotentials a great
contribution was made::[html]In the development of the membrane theory of
biopotentials a great contribution was made{
=Hodgkin's
~Korotkov
~Singer
}
// question: 2761564 name: At rest, the inner surface of the cell membrane:
::At rest, the inner surface of the cell membrane\:::[html]At rest, the inner
surface of the cell membrane\:{
~ positively charged relative to the outer
=negatively charged with respect to the outer
~neutral
}
// question: 2761556 name: In the Nernst equation there is a fraction under the
sign of the natural logarithm:
::In the Nernst equation there is a fraction under the sign of the natural
logarithm\:::[html]In the Nernst equation there is a fraction under the sign of the
natural logarithm\:{
~ in the numerator C<sup>i</sup><sub>K</sub>, in the denominator
C<sup>e</sup><sub>Na</sub>
~ in the numerator C<sup>i</sup><sub>Na</sub>, in the denominator
C<sup>e</sup><sub>Na</sub>
=numerator
C<sup>i</sup><sub>K</sub>,
denominator
C<sup>e</sup><sub>K</sub>
}
// question: 2676654 name: Potassium ion gradient
::Potassium ion gradient directed::[html]<p>Potassium ion gradient
directed</p>{
=<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">outside the cage</font></p>
~<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">from the cage inside</font></p>
~<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">has a different direction in
different cells</font></p>.
~<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">just like the sodium ion
gradient</font></p>
}
// question: 2676403 name: Diffusion through the membrane of chlorine ions
СІ ::Diffusion through the membrane of chlorine ions СІ -::[html]Diffusion
through the membrane of chlorine ions СІ<sup> -</sup>{
~ does not change the membrane potential
=increases it
~decreases it
}
// question: 2676657 name: The change in membrane potential during
membrane recharge during the depolarization phase is called
::The change in membrane potential when the membrane recharges during the
depolarization phase is called::[html]<p>The change in membrane potential when
the membrane recharges during the depolarization phase is called</p>{
~<p>invariance</p>
~<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">turn</font></p>
=<p><font size\=3 face="Tahoma">reversion</font></p>
~<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">overhang</font></p>
}
// question: 2761565 name: As a rule, the concentrations of sodium ions inside
and outside the cell are in the ...
::As a rule, the concentrations of sodium ions inside and outside the cell are
in the ratio\:{...::[html]As a rule, the concentrations of sodium ions inside and
outside the cell are in the ratio\:{
~Na<sup>+</sup><sub>i&nbsp;</sub>&gt;
Na<sup>+</sup><sub>e</sub>
=Na<sup>+</sup><sub>i&nbsp;</sub>&lt;
Na<sup>+</sup><sub>e</sub>
~Na<sup>+</sup><sub>i&nbsp;</sub>\=
Na<sup>+</sup><sub>e</sub>
}
// question: 2761566 name: As a rule, the concentration of potassium ions
inside the cell:
::Generally, the concentration of potassium ions inside the
cell\::[html]Generally, the concentration of potassium ions inside the cell\::{
=more than the outside
~ smaller than the outside
~ the same as in the intercellular fluid
}
// question: 2761558 name: Potassium-sodium pump is involved in resting
potential
::The potassium-sodium pump is involved in creating the resting
potential::[html]The potassium-sodium pump is involved in creating the resting
potential{
~only directly, creating an electrical gradient across the membrane
~only indirectly, through the creation of transmembrane ionic gradients
=in both of these ways
}
// question: 2761553 name: Concentration gradient across the sodium ion
membrane:
::Concentration
gradient
across
the
membrane
of
sodium
ions\::[html]Concentration gradient across the membrane of sodium ions\:{
=directed inside the cell
~directed outward from the cage
~ at rest is absent
}
// question: 2761559 name: Nobel Prize winner for his research into the ionic
mechanisms of excitation ...
::Nobel Prize winner for research on ionic mechanisms of excitation
...::[html]Nobel Prize winner for research on ionic mechanisms of excitation of
nerve cells\:{
~Garth Nicholson
~Allan Cormack
=Andrew Huxley
}
// question: 2676424 name: Threshold is a stimulus
::Threshold is called a stimulus::Threshold is called a stimulus{.
=minimum force, causing the occurrence of AP
~anyone that provides the occurrence of AP
~ providing the maximum AP value
}
// question: 2761560 name: Resting potential:
::Rest Potential\:::[html]Rest Potential\:{
=exists on the membranes of all intact cells in a physiological quiescent
state
~appears on the membrane when the cell is damaged
~ exists only on myocardial cell membranes during diastole
}
// question: 2761557 name: The resting potential has a nature:
::The resting potential has a nature\:::[html]The resting potential has a
nature\:{
~potassium
=predominantly potassium
~predominantly sodium
}
// question: 2676402 name: The resting potential can be calculated quite
accurately by the equation
::The resting potential can be calculated quite accurately by the equation::The
resting potential can be calculated quite accurately by the equation{
~Bernstein
=Goldman
~Nernsta
}
// question: 2761627 name: Resting potential is created
::The resting potential is created::[html]The resting potential is created{
~ thanks to the operation of the calcium pump
=thanks to the potassium-sodium pump
~ spontaneously
}
// question: 2676656 name: Resting potentials exist on membranes
::Resting potentials exist on membranes::[html]<p>The resting potentials
exist on membranes</p>{
=<p>all cells in a stationary state</p>
~<p>only damaged cells</p>
~<p>only myocardial cells in the diastole phase</p>
~<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">only a short time after
arousal</font></p>
}
// question: 2761562 name: In deriving the Goldmann equation, the electric
field inside the membrane ...
::In deriving the Goldmann equation, the electric field inside the membrane is
assumed\:{ When deriving the Goldmann equation, the electric field inside the
membrane is assumed\:{
=homogeneous over the entire thickness of the membrane
~ inhomogeneous
~ electrostatic
}
// question: 2676650 name: When the resting potential decreases, the
membrane permeability for sodium ions
::When the resting potential decreases, the membrane permeability to sodium
ions::[html]<p>When the resting potential decreases, the membrane permeability to
sodium ions</p>{
~<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">no change</font></p>
~<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">also decreases</font></p>.
=<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">increases</font></p>
~<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">vibrates according to a harmonic
law</font></p>.
}
// question: 2761555 name: The irritant can be:
::An irritant can be\:::[html]An irritant can be\:{
=any external or internal factor
~only the external factor
~only the internal factor
}
// question: 2676652 name: Irritant of minimum force and duration causing
the onset of action potential
::A stimulus of minimum force and duration causing the onset of an action
potential::[html]<p>The stimulus of minimum force and duration causing the onset
of an action potential is called</p>{
~<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">normal</font></p>
~<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">standard</font></p>
~<p><font size\=3 face="Tahoma">potentially forming</font></p>
=<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">threshold</font></p>
}
// question: 2761572 name: The symbol F in the Nernst and Goldman
equations denotes:
::The symbol F in the Nernst and Goldman equations denotes\:::[html]The
symbol F in the Nernst and Goldman equations denotes\:{
~ power
~free energy
=Faraday number
}
// question: 2761569 name: The symbol R in the Nernst and Goldman
equations is the notation
::The symbol R in the Nernst and Goldman equations is a notation::[html]The
symbol R in the Nernst and Goldman equations is a notation{
~ the electrical resistance of the membrane
=universal gas constant
~ the radius of the membrane
}
// question: 2761561 name: The symbol T in the Nernst and Goldman
equations means:
::The symbol T in the Nernst and Goldman equations means\:::[html]The
symbol T in the Nernst and Goldman equations means\:{
~ time
=temperature
~period
}
// question: 2761574 name: How many true statements are in the following
sentence: "The reasons ...
::How many correct statements are there in the following sentence\: "The
causes of ...::[html]How many correct statements are there in the following
sentence\: "The causes of the resting potential are 1) the presence of ionic
concentration gradients across the membrane, 2) the different diffusion rate of ions
across the membrane due to its selectivity, 3) the electrogenicity of the potassiumsodium pump"?
~1
~2
=3
}
// question: 2761563 name: The creation of a resting potential is facilitated:
::Creation of resting potential is promoted\:::[html]Creation of resting
potential is promoted\:{
=potassium-sodium pump electrogenicity
~ calcium pump electrogenicity
~ rapid exit of large organic anions from the cell
}
// question: 2761571 name: Ratio of membrane permeabilities for potassium,
sodium, and chlorine ions at rest ...
::The ratio of membrane permeabilities for potassium, sodium, and chlorine
ions at rest ...::[html]The ratio of membrane permeabilities for potassium, sodium,
and chlorine ions at rest is respectively\:{
~1 \: 1 \: 1
=1 \: 0,04 \: 0,45
~1 \: 0,45 \: 0,04
}
// question: 2761573 name: Transmembrane gradient of chlorine ions:
::Transmembrane gradient of chlorine ions\::[html]Transmembrane gradient
of chlorine ions\:{
~directed outward from the cage
=directed inside the cell
~not available
}
// question: 2761567 name: Goldman's equation takes into account the
permeability of the membrane at rest:
::Goldman's equation accounts for membrane permeability at
rest\:::[html]Goldman's equation accounts for membrane permeability at rest\:{
~for potassium ions only
~for sodium ions only
=for potassium, sodium and chlorine ions
}
// question: 2676653 name: The equation for determining the resting potential
that takes into account the three fluxes of ions through the membrane is named
::The equation for determining the resting potential considering the three
fluxes of ions through the membrane is named::[html]<p>The equation for
determining the resting potential considering the three fluxes of ions through the
membrane is named</p>{
~<p>Nernsta</p>
=<p>Goldman</p>
~<p>Bernstein</p>
~<p>Watson</p>
}
// question: 2761629 name: Successful researcher of the nature of
biopotentials:
::Successful Researcher of the Nature of Biopotentials\::[html]Successful
Researcher of the Nature of Biopotentials\:{
=Hodgkin's
~Wilson
~Nicolson
}
// question: 2761630 name: What is membrane potential reversal?
::What is a membrane potential reversal?::[html]What is a membrane
potential reversal?
= diaphragm recharging
~ Increase in the potential difference across the membrane
~ reduction of the potential difference across the membrane
}
// question: 0 name: Switch category to $course$/top/Biopotentials/BP
correct/ N/A from A.I.
$CATEGORY: $course$/top/Biopotentials/BP is true/false from A.I.
// The author of the membrane theory of the origin of biopotentials is
Kirchhoff.
::The author of the membrane theory of the origin of biopotentials is
Kirchhoff.
// question: 2761592 name: The amplitude of the action potential is equal to
the amplitude of the resting potential.
::The amplitude of the action potential is equal to the amplitude of the rest
potential.
// question: 2761619 name: Biomembrane at rest is most permeable to
potassium ions.
::The resting biomembrane is most permeable to potassium ions.
// question: 2761603 name: As a result of the depolarization phase, the
membrane potential is reversed.
::As a result of the depolarization phase, a reversal of the membrane potential
occurs::As a result of the depolarization phase, a reversal of the membrane potential
occurs.
// question: 2761613 name: As a result of the repolarization phase, the
membrane potential takes on a zero value.
::As a result of the repolarization phase, the membrane potential takes on a
zero value::As a result of the repolarization phase, the membrane potential takes on
a zero value.{FALSE}
// question: 2761618 name: At rest, the inside of the membrane is negatively
charged relative to the outside.
::At rest, the inside of the membrane is negatively charged relative to the
outside.
// question: 2761587 name: At rest, the membrane is permeable mainly to
potassium ions.
::At rest, the membrane is permeable mainly to potassium ions.
// question: 2761615 name: During PD generation, potassium and sodium ions
move across the membrane along the ...
::During PD generation, potassium and sodium ions move across the
membrane along ...::During PD generation, potassium and sodium ions move across
the membrane along channels.{TRUE}
// question: 2761594 name: During the depolarization phase the membrane
permeability for Na+ increases by 500...
::During the depolarization phase, the membrane permeability for Na+
increases 500 times...:::[html]During the depolarization phase, the membrane
permeability for Na<sup>+</sup> increases 500 times.{TRUE}
// question: 2761597 name: At rest, the inner surface of the membrane is
negatively charged ...
::At rest, the inner surface of the membrane is negatively charged ...::At rest,
the inner surface of the membrane is negatively charged relative to the outer surface.
// question: 2761590 name: In the Nernst equation there is a fraction under the
sign of the natural logarithm: in ...
::In the Nernst equation, under the sign of the natural logarithm there is a
fraction\: in ...::[html]In the Nernst equation, there is a fraction under the sign of the
natural logarithm\: in the numerator C<sup>i</sup><sub>K</sub>, in the
denominator C<sup>e</sup><sub>Na</sub>.{FALSE}
// question: 2761623 name: In the hyperpolarization phase, the charge on the
inner side of the membrane by sign is ...
::In the hyperpolarization phase, the charge on the inner side of the membrane
is negative in sign and less in magnitude than at rest.
// question: 2761625 name: During the repolarization phase the membrane
permeability to sodium decreases.
::During the repolarization phase, the membrane permeability to sodium
decreases::During the repolarization phase, the membrane permeability to sodium
decreases.
// question: 2761591 name: Diffusion through the membrane of Cl- ions
reduces the membrane potential.
::Diffusion across the membrane of Cl- ions decreases the membrane
potential.::[html]Diffusion across the membrane of Cl- ions<sup>-</sup> decreases
the membrane potential.{FALSE}
// question: 2761599 name: As a rule, the concentration of potassium ions
inside the cell is lower than outside.
::As a rule, the concentration of potassium ions inside the cell is less than the
concentration of potassium ions outside.
// question: 2761622 name: By the end of the depolarization phase, the inner
side of the membrane has a positive ...
::By the end of the depolarization phase, the inner side of the membrane has
a positive ...::By the end of the depolarization phase, the inner side of the membrane
has a positive charge.{TRUE}
// question: 2761588 name: The concentration gradient across the membrane
of sodium ions is directed from the cell ...
::The concentration gradient across the membrane of sodium ions is directed
from the cell ...::The concentration gradient across the membrane of sodium ions is
directed from the cell outward.{FALSE}
// question: 2761607 name: The concentration of sodium ions inside the cell
is greater than in the intercellular medium.
::The concentration of sodium ions inside the cell is greater than in the
intercellular medium.
// question: 2761608 name: Registration of biopotentials is the basis of
electrophysiological methods ...
::Registration of biopotentials is the basis of electrophysiological methods
...::Registration of biopotentials is the basis of electrophysiological methods of
diagnosis.{TRUE}
// question: 2761600 name: One of the causes of PP is the electrogenicity of
potassium-sodium ...
::One of the causes of PP is the electrogenicity of the potassium-sodium
...::One of the causes of PP is the electrogenicity of the potassium-sodium
pump.{TRUE}
// question: 2761606 name: PD - rapidly arising and again disappearing
potential difference.
::PD - the rapidly arising and again vanishing potential difference::PD - the
rapidly arising and again vanishing potential difference.
// question: 2761621 name: The first phase of the action potential is called
repolarization.
::The first phase of the action potential is called repolarization.
// question: 2761596 name: At the end of the repolarization process, the inner
surface of the membrane ...
::At the end of the repolarization process, the inner surface of the membrane
...::At the end of the repolarization process, the inner surface of the membrane is
positively charged relative to the outer surface.{FALSE}
// question: 2761602 name: A threshold is any stimulus that causes the
occurrence of ...
::A threshold is any stimulus that causes the onset of ...::A threshold is any
stimulus that causes the onset of an action potential.{FALSE}
// question: 2761593 name: PD phase sequence: depolarization,
repolarization, hyperpolarization.
::PD phase sequence\: depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization::PD
phase sequence\: depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization.{TRUE}
// question: 2761595 name: Action potential occurs under the influence of
threshold and suprathreshold ...
::Action potential arises under the influence of threshold and suprathreshold
...::Action potential arises under the influence of threshold and suprathreshold
stimuli.{TRUE}
// question: 2761620 name: Action potential occurs when any stimulus acts on
the cell.
::An action potential arises when any stimulus acts on a cell.
// question: 2761624 name: Action potential is an impulse of a characteristic
shape propagating along the entire...
::An action potential is an impulse of characteristic shape propagating along
the entire... ::An action potential is an impulse of characteristic shape propagating
along the entire membrane.{TRUE}
// question: 2761616 name: The action potential cannot propagate along the
membrane, it exists ...
::The action potential cannot spread along the membrane, it exists ...::The
action potential cannot spread along the membrane, it exists only briefly at the site
of the stimulus.{FALSE}
// question: 2761609 name: Resting potential has a predominantly potassium
nature.
::The resting potential is predominantly potassium in nature.
// question: 2761589 name: Resting potential exists on the membranes of all
intact cells in ...
::A resting potential exists on the membranes of all intact cells in ...::A resting
potential exists on the membranes of all intact cells in a stationary state.{TRUE}
// question: 2761617 name: Resting potential exists only on the membranes of
damaged cells.
::A resting potential exists only on the membranes of damaged cells.
// question: 2761610 name: Ratio of membrane permeabilities for K+, Na+
and Cl- ions at rest ...
::Ratio of membrane permeabilities for K+, Na+, and Cl- ions at rest
...::[html]The ratio of membrane permeabilities for K<sup>+</sup>,
Na<sup>+</sup>, and Cl<sup>-</sup> ions at rest is 1 \: 20 \: 0.4{FALSE}
// question: 2761614 name: Condition of the lower electronegativity of the
inner side of the membrane by ...
::The state of being less electronegative on the inner side of the membrane by
...::The state of being less electronegative on the inner side of the membrane
compared to rest is called hyperpolarization.{FALSE}
// question: 2761611 name: The transmembrane gradient of chlorine ions is
directed inside the cell.
::The transmembrane gradient of chlorine ions is directed inside the cell.
// question: 2761605 name: Transmembrane transport of K+ and Na+ ions in
the process of PD generation is a ...
::The transmembrane transport of K+ and Na+ ions during PD generation is
...::[html]The transmembrane transport of K<sup>+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup>
ions during PD generation is active.{FALSE}
// question: 2761626 name: The Goldman equation allows us to determine the
change over time of the potential ...
::Goldman's equation allows us to determine the time variation of the potential
...::Goldman's equation allows us to determine the time variation of the action
potential.{FALSE}
// question: 2761598 name: Goldmann equation considers the permeability of
the membrane for K+, Na+, and Cl- ions.
::Goldman's equation accounts for membrane permeability for K+, Na+, and
Cl- ions.::[html]Goldman's equation accounts for membrane permeability for
K<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>-</sup> ions.{TRUE}
// question: 2761612 name: The depolarization phase of the action potential is
due to an increase in sodium ...
::The depolarization phase of the action potential is due to an increase in
sodium ...::The depolarization phase of the action potential is due to an increase in
membrane sodium permeability.{TRUE}
// question: 2761604 name: The repolarization phase begins with an increase
in membrane permeability to sodium.
::The repolarization phase begins with an increase in membrane permeability
to sodium.
// question: 0 name: Switch category to $course$/top/Biopotentials/BP
research methods
$CATEGORY: $course$/top/Biopotentials/BP research methods
// question: 2761631 name: Which answer correctly lists all methods of
experimental research ...
::In which answer are all the methods of experimental study of ...::[html]In
which answer are all the methods of experimental study of biopotentials correct?
~electrocardiography, electroencephalography and ultrasound
~intracellular withdrawal, membrane voltage fixation, ultrasound
=intracellular withdrawal, membrane tension fixation, nerve fiber
perfusion
}
// question: 2676421 name: In the method of intracellular extraction, the
microelectrode is inserted
::In the intracellular lead method, the microelectrode is inserted::In the
intracellular lead method, the microelectrode is inserted{
~ into the intercellular fluid
~ into the thickness of the membrane
=inside the cage
}
// question: 2761633 name: In the method of fixing the voltage on the
membrane
::In the Membrane Stress Fixation Method::[html]In the Membrane Stress
Fixation Method{
=potential action development is temporarily suspended
~ the development of the action potential is delayed
~ the development of the action potential is accelerated
}
// question: 2763040 name: Choose a method of experimental study of the
mechanism of biopotentials generation:
::Choose a method for the experimental study of the mechanism of
biopotential generation\::[html]Choose a method for the experimental study of the
mechanism of biopotential generation\:{
~electrography
=perfusion of nerve fibers
~fluorescence spectroscopy.
}
// question: 2763041 name: To create an action potential in the experiment it
is necessary to connect a microelectrode:
::To create an action potential in an experiment, a microelectrode must be
connected\::[html]To create an action potential in an experiment, a microelectrode
must be connected\:{
= with the positive pole of the direct current source
~ with the negative pole of the DC source
~ with AC power supply
}
// question: 2676644 name: Replacement of axoplasm with artificial solutions
of different ionic composition is called:
::Replacement of axoplasm with artificial solutions of different ionic
composition is called\:::[html]<p>The replacement of axoplasm with artificial
solutions of different ionic composition is called\:</p>{
~<p><font
size\=3
face\="Tahoma">intracellular
withdrawal</font></p>
=<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">perfusion</font></p>
~<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">diffusion</font></p>
~<p><font size\=3 face\="Tahoma">divertissement</font></p>
}
// question: 2763044 name: Measurement of FP and registration of the already
experimentally created FP is carried out ...
::The measurement of the PP and the registration of the already
experimentally created PD is done by ...::[html]The measurement of the PP and the
registration of the already experimentally created PD is done by\:{
~two pairs of electrodes
=one pair of electrodes connected to a measuring device
~ one pair of electrodes connected to the power supply
}
// question: 2676422 name: Nerve fiber perfusion is
::Perfusion of a nerve fiber is called::Perfusion of a nerve fiber is called{
~Insertion of a microelectrode
~passive transport of ions across the cell membrane
=replacement of axoplasm with artificial solutions of different ionic
composition
}
// question: 2763043 name: Order of magnitude of resting potential of most
cells:
::Order of magnitude of the resting potential of most cells\::[html]Order of
magnitude of the resting potential of most cells\:{
=a few tens of millivolts
~a few tens of microvolts
~dozens of volts
}
// question: 2761632 name: Resting potential of human myocardial cells:
::Resting potential of human myocardial cells\::[html]Resting potential of
human myocardial cells\:{
~60 mV
=90 mV
~120 mV
}
// question: 2763045 name: The intracellular withdrawal method can be used
to record:
::With the intracellular lead method, you can register\:::[html]With the
intracellular lead method, you can register\:{
~only resting potentials
~only action potentials
=any biopotentials
}
// question: 2763042 name: Fixing the voltage on the diaphragm is necessary:
::Fixing the tension on the diaphragm is necessary\::[html]Fixing the tension
on the diaphragm is necessary\:{
~ to measure resting potential
~ to create action potential
=for the study of ion fluxes characteristic of a particular moment of
action potential development
}
//
question:
0
name:
Switch
category
to
$course$/top/biopotentials/biopotentials (not the right one)
$CATEGORY: $course$/top/Biopotentials/Biopotentials (not the right ones)
// question: 2676226 name: The inner surface of the membrane is negatively
charged at rest relative to the ...
::The inner surface of the membrane at rest is negatively charged relative to
...::The inner surface of the membrane at rest is negatively charged relative to the
outside, because\:{
~%33.33333% potassium diffuses out of the cell at a high rate at rest
~%-50% in the resting state sodium leaves the cell along the gradient
~%33.33333% intracellular anions cannot escape through channels
~%33.33333% potassium-sodium pump introduces less potassium ions
into the cell than it removes sodium
~%-50% of potassium is actively removed from the cell by the pump
}
// question: 2676232 name: During the depolarization phase, the membrane is
recharged because:
::During the depolarization phase, the membrane is recharged, since\:::During
the depolarization phase, the membrane is recharged, since\:{
~%-50% potassium-sodium pump
~%50% increase in membrane permeability to sodium ions
~%-50% increase in the flux of potassium ions from the cell
~%-50% some of the sodium channels in the membrane are closed
~%50% additional channels for sodium are opened
}
// question: 2676234 name: At rest there is a potential difference on the
membrane due to:
::At rest, there is a potential difference on the membrane due to\::[html]At
rest, there is a potential difference on the membrane due to\:{
~%-50%[moodle]cell damage
~%33.33333%[moodle]potassium-sodium pump electrogenicity
~%-50%[moodle]diffusion from the cell of organic anions
~%33.33333%[moodle]different rates of passive transmembrane
transport of different ions
~%33.33333%[moodle]presence of transmembrane ion concentration
gradients
}
// question: 2676229 name: Second phase of action potential:
::Second phase of action potential\::Second phase of action potential\:{
~%-50% depolarization
~%50% repolarization
~%-50% hyperpolarization
~%50% descending phase
~%-50% rising phase
}
// question: 2676221 name: Microelectrode in intracellular extraction method
::Microelectrode in the intracellular lead method::Microelectrode in the
intracellular lead method{
~%33.33333%used to measure resting potential
~%33.33333%used to stimulate the cell with electric currents
~%-50% is placed in the intercellular fluid
~%33.33333% to create an action potential must be connected to the
positive pole of the current source
~%-50% must be connected to the negative pole of the current source
to create an action potential
}
// question: 2676224 name: First phase of action potential:
::First phase of action potential\::First phase of action potential\:{
~%50% depolarization
~%-50% repolarization
~%-50% hyperpolarization
~%-50% downward
~%50% upwards
}