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SUBJECT.
Subject being made of just a noun.
They have been learning math for many years.
She hates eating apples when she goes to bed.
Dogs bark a lot in the middle of the night.
Subject being made of noun Phrases.
Articles + Nouns = Noun Phrase.
The boys are going to have a big party tomorrow evening.
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
The buildings have been constructed recently.
Articles + Adjectives + Nouns = Noun Phrase.
The pretty flowers are from your dad.
A wooden desk would be an ideal choice as a gift.
The broken laptop should be repaired.
Articles + Nouns + Prepositions + Nouns = Noun phrase.
The legs of the dog have been hurt when you threw some stones at it.
The people with much money cannot buy whatever they want.
The students in this room are having deep preparation for the exams.
V+ing + Complement + Modifier = Noun Phrase.
Learning 50 new words every day is not easy thing to do.
Waking up early in the morning makes your day blessed.
Getting beneficial knowledge during adulthood is the best thing you can
do for yourself.
Noun + To + Verb + Complement + Modifier = Noun Phrase.
The desire to be successful in life should be strong enough.
The money to buy the car has been collected.
Ability to climb a tree is good in spring to eat some raw fruits.
Article + Adverb + Adjective + Noun = Noun Phrase.
The beautifully designed dress has been on sale.
An interestingly written book makes your day when you are sad.
A well given presentation at school helps you get better marks.
Article + Noun + Who (m)\Which\Where etc. + Tenses … = Noun Phrase.
The boy whom you saw at the party is going to Makkah.
The place where I have found her is the school.
The benefit which we get from reading books is limitless.
The boy whose father has become the president recently does not have
to go to school classes every day.
Article +Noun + Noun = Noun Phrase.
The gold watch has been stolen lately.
A history teacher is needed for our school.
A 1000-page book is very long to read for many students these days.
PREDICATE.
Tenses.
I am reading an interesting book about the real history of the mankind.
The students in the class have passed 10 exams so far.
Students with beneficial knowledge and skills will be successful.
I will have finished reading the book which you gave yesterday by the
end of this month.
My mother had already slept when I came back from stadium.
Passive Voice.
The keys of my keyboard have been damaged because of water.
The guilty students should be punished for their unacceptable actions.
All schools have been shut due to (because of) the pandemic.
Modal Verbs.
He should study a bit harder if he wants to pass the exam.
You must be tired after the long journey.
You must be patient when you are touched with misfortune.
They could come tomorrow after the classes.
Complement.
Complement being made of Noun and Noun Phrases.
I met him when I was studying at the university.
Can you pass the salt please?
You never learn your lesson.
She has broken the windows of her room accidently.
She has prepared for the university exams so hard.
They have brought the credit card to pay for their debt.
She admitted stealing all of the money.
I just wanted to wish you luck.
The boss decided to cancel the meeting because of the heavy rain.
I have never succeeded in finishing this book.
She has been doing research on the negative effects of smoking a cigar a
day.
I have found the money which you lost yesterday.
He has never been in Namangan which is the city of flowers.
Modifier.
I have been waiting for you patiently for many years.
She studies hardly at home because of much housework.
It has been raining heavily since March.
You should repent for what you have done immediately.
She can run extremely fast.
The people of this city were killed mercilessly by Americans.
She was doing her homework very fast in her own room when her father
called her to eat.
The students who watched this online class gained a lot of beneficial
knowledge yesterday.
She has spent most of her life in prison because of her crime.
You should wait patiently here for 20 minutes to meet with him.
Modifier of manner\place\reason\time
Nouns.
Abstract nouns:
Outer beauty is not main criteria for defining someone.
Good education is the foundation of the success.
Proper Nouns:
Anwar has gained the status which many people wish to reach.
The United Stated has failed many times to occupy other countries.
The Nile has strong and violent currents.
Group Nouns:
Our football team has won small local copper cups.
Her family is not friendly with her friends.
Common Nouns:
The chair has been broken by him.
I always give my people many cars as gifts when they sing and dance.
Nouns having the same form for singular and plural:
There are fish in the tank at my home.
There is a fish in the pond at my home.
But when we talk about the types of these animals we can add –S.
There are many different fishes in the pond near our house (types of
fish)
Uncountable nouns and Plural nouns with quantifiers.
They have asked me for a piece of advice.
She has given me a lot of pieces of information.
After the month of Jul y they collected 200 jars of honey.
The two packets of tea have been added to make this tea.
They have been eating a kilo of meat to gain muscle.
She has bought 2 kilos of apples for her guests.
They have been given 5 bars of chocolates as a gift.
The boys can eat a bowl of cherries.
Compound nouns.
The math teacher teaches us well.
The math teachers have never failed to teach us effectively.
She has fallen into the swimming pool to cool down.
His brother-in-law will visit him after the school.
The Muslim scientists have made a lot breakthroughs.
Singular\Plural
Economics is one of the most popular university subjects these days.
Billiards was his favorite game when he was studying at school.
Mumps has caused him to die young.
Good news is that you have passed the exam.
Five hundred dollars is not enough to buy a good laptop.
Always plural nouns.
Police are looking for him everywhere.
Gloves are needed when you go to the mountains.
Only two pairs of trousers have been stolen from the shop.
Adjectives.
She is a very quick learner.
Temperatures are going to be high in this month.
An interesting story was told about him while we were at school.
My expensive IPhone has been stolen and found twice.
Many books are read only by few students.
The first book I read about him was not authentic.
Those people will have finished reading the books by the end of the
month.
The beautiful cars you saw yesterday belong to me.
Three colorful bouquet of flowers were given to her as a present.
That is an intense novel.
Linking Verbs.
They feel bad about her test grade.
Lucy will look radiant in her new dress.
They were sorry to see us leave.
The flowers smell sweet.
I am smelling the flowers.
They remained sad even though I tried to cheer them up.
He has remained chairman of the board despite the opposition.
Children often become bored of reading useless books at school.
Akmal have become class president after a long hard campaign.
They will be happy when she hears the good news.
He will be the leader of the good people in the future.
The meaning will be different.
She felt happy after passing the exams.
The doctor felt his leg to check if there were broken bones.
She does not look happy today.
She looked at me strangely.
Adverbs.
The math exercise was not very difficult. The students solved it
extremely easily.
They are working hard to finish the project.
The book was interestingly written .
The way of her teaching is extremely boring.
I am terribly sorry.
I am working terribly badly.
He is a serious boy. Talk with him softly because he speaks very seriously.
He is a gentle man. He greets everyone gently.
He jumped happily after hearing the news.
She sings awfully.
He told the news publicly.
She was acting politely in the meeting.
Truly, he is one of the wickedest people I have ever seen.
They have been speaking about us in a friendly way.
The words which have the same form in adjectives and adverbs.
The lake is deep enough to swim.
They went deep inside the forest to see the wolves.
He tried hard to achieve the goals.
These sweets are hard to eat.
It is a weekly magazine.
It comes out weekly.
Pronouns.
We are not going to the store.
They have lived here for more than 20 years.
It was she who called you a liar.
You students should wake up and find the truth.
We workers are not going to work for that company.
We\you + noun
They called us on the telephone.
The policeman was looking for them.
To us, he looked like a criminal.
They are going with us STUDENTS.
Us + PLURAL NOUNS
She is eating her dinner with her family.
The boy broke his arm yesterday.
She forgot her homework at home.
This is my book. Where is yours?
Their coats are too small. Theirs are too small.
Her dress is green but mine is white.
She served herself at the café.
We hurt ourselves while playing football.
He sent the letter to himself on telegram.
I myself believe that they have betrayed us many times.
The students themselves should be blamed for their mistakes.
I have met Anwar himself.
They sent the letters to us ourselves.
This is for you yourself.
I live by myself.
They washed the dishes by themselves.
She is learning English by herself.
Present Simple.
The students in this class never learn the poem.
She goes to school every day.
They usually wake up late.
The cats drink milk.
The ignorant and arrogant people rarely change their attitudes.
She is so afraid of dogs.
The day of Judgement takes place when the sun rises from the west and
sets in the east.
The earth goes around the sun.
Water freezes at 0 degree.
Our class starts at 7 p.m. in the evening.
At what time does the lecture start?
The train from Mecca comes at 8 a.m.
The football player passes the ball to the other player and he scores.
She comes home and prepares the supper for family.
First you fry the meat then fry the potatoes!
You come here fast!
You never smoke here!
Present Progressive.
They are having supper now.
She is having online debate with her friends at the moment.
I am working on my project at present.
She is staying in the hotel these days.
I am working at the university nowadays.
They are building a multi store building.
She is working at the restaurant until she finds a proper job.
You are always watching TV whenever I see you.
She is constantly interrupting me while I am speaking.
We are continually meeting with her at the supermarket.
They are going to Makkah next year.
She is having a party tomorrow.
We students are playing football the day after tomorrow.
The weather is getting hotter and hotter these days.
They are getting better at their work.
He is learning faster and faster.
Present Perfect.
She is so exhausted because she has worked so hard on the project.
She has broken her right arm. She cannot write for at least a month.
They have become all wet because of rain.
They have travelled all over the world.
We have washed the car.
The students have passed the exam.
I have finished reading the book 5 times today
She has been to Makkah this month.
The students have learnt English this year.
The boy has broken the windows. While he was playing the ball with his
friends, he kicked the ball into the wrong direction.
Present Perfect Continuous.
They have been swimming in the pool for 2 hours.
He has been writing his essay since morning.
She has been playing computer games since 2019.
Have you not been working in the office for the last 5 years?
Past simple.
He went fishing with his friends yesterday.
I graduated the university 4 years ago.
They did not finish eating all of the food last night.
First she opened the door of the car and got in.
She went into the room then switched the lights on.
They turned on the laptop and played some games on it.
Past Progressive.
They were eating supper at this time yesterday.
She was sleeping at 8 a.m. this morning.
The students were not doing their homework last night.
They were sleeping on the bed while she was preparing the meal.
As she was listening to the lecture, he was playing the piano.
I was typing and reading the comments on the social media.
When she closed the windows, they were not reading the book.
They were painting the walls when he came back from work.
She was fasting when everyone did not.
Past Perfect.
They had read the book before they went to sleep.
After he had washed the clothes, he began to study.
Maria had had lunch when her friends visited her.
She had slept by 8 p.m. yesterday.
She was sad because she had failed in her exam.
They were happy after they had finished all the tasks.
Past Perfect Continuous.
Anwar had been spreading tons of beneficial knowledge to wake up the
sleeping people of the world for 4 years before his departure.
She had been learning how to speak in English BEFORE she left school.
He had been living with his friends when he got an apartment of his.
Future Simple.
I am sorry I will leave you anyway.
I think they will pass the exam without any difficulties.
From my perspective, she will succeed in learning how to speak Russian
fluently.
Perhaps he will be a bit late for the meeting because of the rain.
I guess they will not participate in the competition.
Out of these two shirts, this one is prettier, I will get this one.
Someone is knocking the door. I will open it.
He will go to the market to buy some greens, because he is the youngest
one among us.
I swear he will never change his attitude towards living.
If you are late one more time, you will be punished severely.
Pay me back on time otherwise I will take a bit different course of action.
If you are having any problems with your homework, I will help you with
it.
Tomorrow the weather will be so hot.
She will be 32 years old next year.
The earthquakes will hit Japan a lot harder because of the country’s sins.
Future Progressive.
Tomorrow at this time, we will be having a lot of fun with our friends at
the beach.
They will be studying at the university if they pass the exam with high
marks in next summer.
Don’t call him at noon on the weekends, he will be sleeping so he may
not receive your calls.
Future Perfect.
He will have finished writing the essays by the time you come back from
the store.
We shall have eaten our meal until 7p.m.
Will you have graduated from the school till I come back from Makkah?
Future Perfect Progressive Tense.
My neighbors will have been living near us for 15 years until the year of
2022.
I will have been typing for 6 hours by 12 p.m.
The people of this nation will have been suffering from the oppression of
the wrongdoing leaders for good till they return to their straight path of
living.
Other ways to express Future.
She is about to fail in her final exams.
We are on the point of going bankruptcy.
She is due to be late for the upcoming meeting.
You are to wise up if you want to be successful.
I may be a bit angry when I see his face ever again because of his not
being loyal.
To be going to …
The students in this class are going to be outstanding individuals by
following the straight path.
I am going to help everyone in need for the sake of Allah in the future.
He is going to cut the root of corruption one day.
Look at the black clouds, it is going to rain.
They are becoming blind followers so they are going to regret this in the
near future.
We are coming home soon
She is not going to his friends’ home after hard work.
Was\were going to…
She was going to visit you after work but she decided to do her
homework.
At first they were not going to attend the concert but later they changed
their mind.
I was going to kill you due to what you had done, but I managed to
control my anger.
Words that always take singular verb…
Anyone\body is capable of doing this without any difficulty.
Any student in this class is to take part in the meeting which we are going
to hold.
Anything you find on the market is eatable.
No boy from our class has come for dinner.
Nobody\no one will have the chance of passing the exam.
Nothing works to make him believe in what we believe.
Each student is required to come a bit early before the exam.
Each table has to be painted!
Each of you will be rewarded for your good acts.
Something was wrong with him.
Someone was following me while I was returning home from work.
Every student does not have to wait for me outside.
Everything has gone wrong because of your stupid planning.
No\None.
None of the money has been found.
None of the students have passed the exam.
No sugar was added to cake.
No exams have been taken yet.
Neither\either ….. no\or
Neither his friends nor he is going to attend the concert.
Either you or she is to visit me when I have free time.
Neither your family nor your friends do any benefit after you die if you
are not believers.
Either I or my friends are able to solve your problems that is why just
calm down!!!
Gerund as a subject.
Remaining steadfast is not an easy task unless you discipline yourself.
His being late for every meeting makes me angry.
Not fasting during the month of Ramadan is allowed for sick people.
Learning how to speak fluently in any language requires patience and
effort.
The Number of\ A number of…
A number of air tickets have been sold today.
The number of air tickets is fewer than the number of train tickets.
The number of students who passed the exam this year is higher than
ever.
A number of students have to be punished for not forbidding the evil
acts.
There are\There is…
There are lot of students who want to learn everything deeply.
There is a person in this room waiting for you.
There have been 5 accidents so far.
There will not be any questions about this topic after I explain it
thoroughly.
There had been some students who claimed to finish the book before I
asked them questions.
There has been lots of traffic jam on the street this week.
Verbs as Complements.
He had agreed to help us before you told him off.
He hopes to be a man of knowledge in the future.
They prepared to fight us on the mountains.
She pretended to be sick in order not to study.
She refused to help us during those hard times.
I hesitated to trust her after all the lies.
She admitted stealing the money.
They cannot resist sleeping after long hours of work and study.
You should consider studying abroad one more time.
The police avoided chasing the robbers.
Don’t quit working on yourself!
I don’t mind killing the harmful insects.
I began to type when I was at kindergarten.
I began writing at school.
He dreads going out alone.
He dreads to go out alone.
They will not approve of waiting for us for a long time.
You must keep on hitting the books till you achieve what you want to
achieve.
You are better off leaving now before it is too late.
Don’t put off fasting!
Don’t risk entering that building in its present condition.
They have been looking forward to seeing again to talk the problem over.
I strongly object to your working.
She has become accustomed to waking up too late after spending a
considerable amount of time in the city.
Honestly speaking, they are sick of waiting for goods to arrive.
To be successful in gaining good fortune, you should avoid delaying.
What is the reason for coming this early?
There is no any possibility of achieving your goals if you go in this way.
Do not make any excuse for not praying!
You should have the strong intention of making use of your time wisely.
She is very eager to see her family after spending so many years in
prison.
They were pleased to see us again.
It is hard to wake up the people who are deep in their sleep.
It is unusual for him to wake up this early.
We should allow him to see his family.
They prepared her to be a speaker.
Promise me not to steal again!
The teacher instructed him to be as careful as possible while doing the
experiments.
I don’t understand your helping these wrongdoing people with their dirty
work.
She does not approve of Anwar’s leaving the country.
She will object to their not letting her know about the accident.
We are against teacher’s grading our homework unfairly.
They are looking forward to our visiting them during the summer
vacation.
She regrets Akmal’s being in trouble.
The verb “Need”.
I need to call them right away.
She needs to have communication skills.
Government needs to take care of the people’s needs fully.
The grass needs cutting.
The grass needs to be cut.
The television needs repairing.
The televisions need to be repaired.
They are in great need of money during these days.
The car is in need of repair.
The poor people of this country have been in need of being helped
financially.
Subject Questions.
Who called us yesterday?
What will happen if I don’t do what you told me to do?
Who will help me wash the dishes?
Who had not come before I closed the door?
What is happening?
Who can speak in English among you?
Who dares to question me?
Complement Questions.
What have you done so far?
Whom did you meet after you had got out of work?
What were you eating when I called you?
Whom will she contact there after getting out of the Airport?
Modifier Questions.
Why did you come here after all?
How did you achieve the status you hold today?
When will you come to understand the straight way of living?
Where are you meeting with him tomorrow?
Embedded Questions.
I wonder how many good deeds you do every day.
I am sure about what I am doing here.
I want know who helped him to get out of the situation.
I have no idea what is happening right now.
She asked how much time I spent on this project.
I could not figure out how he reached me.
Can you tell me where she went after the lesson?
Would you mind what kind telephone you have had?
Can you tell me whose phone this is?
Do you have any idea why she did not leave the partly early?
Tag Questions.
There are only twenty-eight days in February, aren't there?
It's raining now, isn't it? It isn't raining now, is it?
The boys don't have class tomorrow, do they?
You and I talked with the professor yesterday, didn't we?
You won't be leaving for another hour, will you?
You have two children, don't you?
Affirmative Statements.
John went to the mountains on his vacation, and we did too.
John went to the mountains on his vacation, and so did we.
I am happy, and you are too.
I am happy, and so are you.
I will be in New Mexico in August, and they will too.
I will be in New Mexico in August, so will they.
He has seen her plays, and the girls have too.
He has seen her plays, and so have the girls.
We are going to the movies tonight, and Suzy is too.
We are going to the movies tonight, and so is Suzy.
She will wear a costume to the party, and she will too.
She will wear a costume to the party, and so will she.
Negative Statement.
I didn't see Mary this morning. John didn't see Mary this morning.
I didn't see Mary this morning, and John didn't either.
I didn't see Mary this morning, and neither did John.
She won't be going to the conference. Her colleagues won't be going to
the conference.
She won't be going to the conference, and her colleagues won’t either.
She won't be going to the conference, and neither will her colleagues.
John hasn't seen the new movie yet, and I haven't either.
John hasn't seen the new movie yet, and neither have I.
Some\Any.
I have not received any good news about her condition.
I have some really good news to tell you now.
Indirect Command.
John told Mary to close the door.
Jack asked Jill to turn off the light.
The teacher told Christopher to open the window.
Please tell Jaime to leave the room.
John ordered Bill to close his book.
The policeman ordered the suspect to be quiet.
Negative Indirect Command.
John told Mary not to close the door.
Jack asked Jill not to turn off the light.
The teacher told Christopher not to open the window.
Please tell Jaime not to leave the room.
John ordered Bill not to close his book.
Articles.
A baseball is round. (General - means all baseballs)
I saw a boy in the street. (We don't know which boy.)
A house
an umbrella
An hour
an hour
A university
a white
a whole number
The
The boy in the corner is my friend. (The speaker and the listener know
which boy)
The earth is round. (There is only one earth.)
Sugar is sweet. (General - all sugar)
The sugar on the table is from Cuba. (Specific-the sugar that is on the
table)
Oranges are green until they ripen. (All oranges)
Athletes should follow a well-balanced diet. (All athletes)
Another.
She has been given another chance to correct his past mistakes.
Is there any chance of getting another laptop for me?
Please bring another glass of water for me?
Modal Verbs.
She can swim without any difficulty despite being old.
I am able to solve your problem in no time at all.
Can you cook if you want to live abroad?
He could climb the tree when he was young.
The people in this city could speak Russian during those days.
When he was studying at the university, he could type 70 words per
minute.
They were able to speak Arabic when they visited holy Makkah.
The students were able to solve all the problems under pressure.
He was able to run when the dogs chased him.
They could not do anything to stop the oppression.
They were not able to do anything to stop the oppression.
You must do your part as a member of this organization.
Had to = majbur bo’ldik
You must consult your parents before doing something important.
They have to gain beneficial knowledge if they want to succeed.
He has got to learn foreign languages to lead the company well.
They should come early for the tomorrow’s meeting.
He ought to prepare hard for the upcoming exams.
She needs to wake up early to sweep the yard of the house.
She has been working so hard all day long. She must be extremely tired.
You have rested more than enough for many days. You can’t be tired.
The students are not preparing for the exams at all. They must fail.
His lights are out. He must be sleeping.
They can be late because of traffic jams.
This road can get very busy after the pandemic ends.
Teachers could/might/may lead the masses to prosperity.
She might have left her bag at the bank yesterday because of stress.
The other day, I left the car open. It could have been stolen.
The car might have run you over when you were crossing the road.
She might have missed the train if she had not woken up early but she is
on time.
Can I use your phone?
May I see your father?
I am sorry. You can’t call me late at night.
Customers may not enter this area.
She mustn’t sleep on my bed.
Could you send the samples of the test to my office please?
Would you type these letters for me? Yes, I would be glad to do so.
Could I call you in the evening?
Shall we visit my grandparents this evening?
Why don’t we do something beneficial?
What about eating ice cream instead of burgers?
Let’s meet at the café to talk this over.
It is getting late. You should\ought to\ had better\ are supposed to go
home as soon as possible.
You must follow a healthy diet.
You should try to get beneficial knowledge to be guided.
John should have gone to the bank yesterday. = It was
Important for him to go to the bank but he did not go.
You needn’t have bought the bread because your brother has already
bought some. It was not necessary to do something but it was done.
I did not need to buy some bread because my brother has already
bought some = it was not necessary to do something that is why I did not
do it.
She has passed the exam easily I think she must have put a huge amount
of effort into this subject.
The grass is wet. It must have rained last night.
Tony’s lights are out. He must have gone to sleep.
They have been a bit later than she has.
The boys are far more interested in reading books when they have
enough time.
He is slightly taller than us.
The intelligence of my dog is higher than you.
The salary of the professor is a lot higher than the salary of secretary.
The salary of the professor is a lot higher than that of secretary.
The duties of the soldiers are more dangerous than the duties of the
students.
The duties of the soldiers are more dangerous those of the students.