Download Physics practice final exam

Honors Physics  Practice Final Exam
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
The following values may be used throughout the test whenever needed:
G = 6.673 × 1011 m3/kgs2
c = 3.00 × 108 m/s
me = 9.11 × 1031 kg
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
The symbols for units of length in order from smallest to largest are
A. m, cm, mm, and km.
C. km, mm, cm, and m.
B. mm, m, cm, and km.
D. mm, cm, m, and km.
If some measurements agree closely with each other but differ widely from the actual value, these
measurements are
A. neither precise nor accurate.
B. accurate but not precise.
C. acceptable as a new standard of accuracy.
D. precise but not accurate.
These values were obtained as the mass of a bar of metal: 8.83 g; 8.84 g; 8.82 g. The known mass is
10.68 g. The values are
A. accurate.
C. both accurate and precise.
B. precise.
D. neither accurate nor precise.
Five darts strike near the center of a target. The dart thrower is
A. accurate.
C. both accurate and precise.
B. precise.
D. neither accurate nor precise.
Calculate the following, and express the answer in scientific notation with the correct number of
significant figures: 21.4 + 15 + 17.17 + 4.003
A. 57.573
C. 57.6
B. 57.57
D. 58
Calculate the following, and express the answer in scientific notation with the correct number of
significant figures: 10.5  8.8  3.14
A.2.9  102
C. 290.1
B. 290.136
D. 290
Assuming x is distance, which of the following expressions best defines average speed?
A.
8.
k = 8.99 × 109 Nm2/C2
e = 1.602 × 1019 C
mp = 1.67 × 1027 kg
C. vavg = xt
B.
D.
A hiker travels south along a straight path for 1.5 h with an average velocity of 0.75 km/h, then
travels south for 2.5 h with an average velocity of 0.90 km/h. What is the hiker’s displacement for
the total trip?
A. 0.86 km to the south
C. 3.4 km to the south
B. 3.3 km to the south
D. 4.8 km to the south
9.
Acceleration is
A. displacement.
C. velocity per time.
B. the rate of change of displacement.
D. the rate of change of velocity.
10. When an object’s velocity and acceleration vectors point in opposite directions, what happens?
A. The object slows down.
C. Nothing happens to the object.
B. The object speeds up.
D. The object remains at rest.
Figure 1 – questions 11 through 13
11. What does the graph above (Fig. 1) illustrate about acceleration?
A. The acceleration is constant.
B. The acceleration is zero.
C. The acceleration decreases.
D. The acceleration increases.
12. For the graph above (Fig. 1) determine the distance traveled during the first 8.0 seconds.
A. 8.0 m
B. 16 m
C. 24 m
D. 40 m
13. For the graph above (Fig. 1) determine the instantaneous acceleration at t = 4.0 s.
A. 0.5 m/s2
B. 0.75 m/s2
C. 2.0 m/s2
D. 3.0 m/s2
Figure 2 – Questions 14 through 16
14. At what point(s) on the above graph (Fig. 2) does the acceleration vector point in the same direction
as the velocity vector?
A. At all points in time before 4.0 s and at all points in time after 7.0 s.
B. At all points in time between 4.0 s and 7.0 s.
C. At all points in time after 7.0 s.
D. Only at the exact points in time labeled by points A and B on the graph.
15. For the graph shown above (Fig. 2), compare the instantaneous acceleration at point A to the
instantaneous acceleration at point B:
A. The rate of acceleration at point A is greater than the rate of acceleration at point B.
B. The rate of acceleration at point A is less than the rate of acceleration at point B.
C. The acceleration at point A is equal to the acceleration at point B.
D. The acceleration at point A is the opposite of the acceleration at point B.
16. Determine the magnitude of the average acceleration between points A and B on the graph (Fig. 2).
A. 0.67 m/s2
B. 1.3 m/s2
2
C. 1.5 m/s
D. 2.0 m/s2
17. A toy car is given an initial velocity of 5.0 m/s and experiences a constant acceleration of 2.0 m/s2.
What is the final velocity after 6.0 s?
A. 10.0 m/s
C. 16 m/s
B. 12 m/s
D. 17 m/s
18. A race car accelerates from 0 m/s to 30.0 m/s with a displacement of 45.0 m. What is the vehicle's
acceleration?
A. 20.0 m/s2
C. 10.0 m/s2
2
B. 5.00 m/s
D. 15.0 m/s2
19. A curious kitten pushes a ball of yarn at rest with its nose, displacing the ball of yarn 17.5 cm in 2.00
s. What is the acceleration of the ball of yarn?
A. 11.0 cm/s2
C. 17.5 cm/s2
2
B. 8.75 cm/s
D. 4.38 cm/s2
20. A sports car accelerates at a constant rate from rest to a speed of 27.8 m/s in 8.00 s. What is the
displacement of the sports car in this time interval?
A. 55.0 m
C. 111 m
B. 77.0 m
D. 222 m
21. Acceleration due to gravity is also called
A. negative velocity.
C. free-fall acceleration.
B. displacement.
D. instantaneous velocity.
22. A rock is thrown straight upward with an initial velocity of 24.5 m/s where the downward
acceleration due to gravity is 9.81 m/s2. What is the rock's displacement after 1.00 s?
A. 9.81 m
C. 24.5 m
B. 19.6 m
D. 29.4 m
23. A tourist accidentally drops a camera from a 40.0 m high bridge. If g = 9.81 m/s2 and air resistance is
disregarded, what is the speed of the camera as it hits the water?
A. 28.0 m/s
C. 19.8 m/s
B. 31.0 m/s
D. 79.9 m/s
24. Which would hit the ground first if dropped from the same height in a vacuum, a feather or a metal
bolt?
A. the feather
B. the metal bolt
C. They would hit the ground at the same time.
D. They would be suspended in a vacuum.
25. Which of the following is a physical quantity that has a magnitude but no direction?
A. vector
C. resultant
B. scalar
D. frame of reference
26. Identify the following quantities as scalar or vector: the speed of a snail, the time it takes to run a
mile, the free-fall acceleration.
A. vector, scalar, scalar
C. vector, scalar, vector
B. scalar, scalar, vector
D. scalar, vector, vector
27. A duck waddles 2.5 m east and 6.0 m north. What are the magnitude and direction of the duck’s
displacement with respect to its original position?
A. 3.5 m at 67 north of east
C. 6.5 m at 67 north of east
B. 8.5 m at 23 north of east
D. 6.5 m at 23 north of east
28. An athlete runs a displacement of 110 m, 210.0 across a level field. What is the y-component of
this displacement (i.e. the northward component)?
A. 55 m
C. 55 m
B. 95 m
D. 95 m
29. Find the resultant of these two vectors: 2.00  102 units due east and 4.00  102 units, 150.0.
A. 346 units 90.0 
C. 529 units 139.1
B. 581 units 159.9
D. 248 units 126.2
30. A hiker walks 4.5 km at an angle of 45 north of west. Then the hiker walks 4.5 km south. What is
the magnitude and direction of the hiker’s total displacement?
A. 3.5 km, 22 south of west
C. 6.4 km, 45 north of west
B. 3.5 km, 22 north of west
D. 6.4 km, 22 south of west
31. A stone is thrown at an angle of 30.0 above the horizontal from the top edge of a cliff with an initial
speed of 12 m/s. A stopwatch measures the stone’s trajectory time from the top of the cliff to the
bottom at 5.6 s. What is the height of the cliff? (Disregard air resistance. g = 9.81 m/s2.)
A. 96 m
C. 120 m
B. 150 m
D. 190 m
32. A track star in the long jump goes into the jump at 12 m/s and launches herself at 20.0° above the
horizontal. How long is she in the air before returning to Earth? (g = 9.81 m/s2)
A. 0.42 s
C. 1.7 s
B. 0.84 s
D. 1.1 s
33. A firefighter 50.0 m away from a burning building directs a stream of water from a fire hose at an
angle of 30.0 above the horizontal. If the velocity of the stream is 40.0 m/s, at what height will the
stream of water strike the building?
A. 8.45 m
C. 18.7 m
B. 21.8 m
D. 55.9 m
34. A piece of chalk is dropped by a teacher walking at a speed of 1.5 m/s. From the teacher’s
perspective, the chalk appears to fall
A. straight down.
C. straight down and forward.
B. straight down and backward.
D. straight backward.
35. A jet has an airspeed and heading of 500.0 km/h due east and encounters a wind blowing at 120.0
km/h, 330.0. What is the velocity of the aircraft relative to the ground?
A. 607 km/h, 354.3
C. 550.0 km/h, 354.3
B. 620.0 km/h, 5.7
D. 588 km/h, 5.7
36. A boat moves at 10.0 m/s relative to the water. If the boat is in a river where the current is 2.00 m/s,
how long does it take the boat to make a complete round trip of 1000.0 m upstream followed by
1000.0 m downstream?
A. 167 s
C. 208 s
B. 200 s
D. 250 s
37. A free-body diagram of a ball falling in the presence of air resistance would show
A. a downward arrow to represent the force of air resistance.
B. only a downward arrow to represent the force of gravity.
C. a downward arrow to represent the force of gravity and an upward arrow to represent the force of
air resistance.
D. an upward arrow to represent the force of gravity and a downward arrow to represent the force of
air resistance.
38. Which of the following is the tendency of an object to maintain its state of motion?
A. acceleration
C. force
B. inertia
D. velocity
39. A person exerts a horizontal force on a box to slide it at a constant velocity across a level surface.
The amount of force that the person must exert in these circumstances is
A. greater than the normal force times the coefficient of kinetic friction.
B. equal to the normal force times the coefficient of kinetic friction.
C. less than the normal force times the coefficient of kinetic friction.
D. greater than the normal force times the coefficient of static friction.
40. A sled is pulled at a constant velocity across a horizontal snow surface. If a force of 8.0  101 N is
being applied to the sled rope at an angle of 53 to the ground, what is the force of friction between
the sled and the snow?
A. 83 N
C. 48 N
B. 64 N
D. 42 N
41. Two perpendicular forces, one of 45.0 N directed upward and the second of 60.0 N directed to the
right, act simultaneously on an object with a mass of 35.0 kg. What is the magnitude of the resultant
acceleration of the object?
A. 8.69 m/s2
B. 3.00 m/s2
C. 5.25 m/s2
D. 1.41 m/s2
42. An elevator weighing 2.00  105 N is supported by a steel cable. What is the tension in the cable
when the elevator is accelerated upward at a rate of 3.00 m/s2? (g = 9.81 m/s2)
A. 1.39  105 N
C. 2.56  106 N
6
B. 1.36 10 N
D. 2.61  105 N
43. A hammer drives a nail into a piece of wood. Which of the following would be an action-reaction
pair as described by Newton’s 3rd Law?
A. The nail exerts a force on the hammer; the hammer exerts a force on the wood.
B. The hammer exerts a force on the nail; the wood exerts a force on the nail.
C. The hammer exerts a force on the nail; the nail exerts a force on the hammer.
D. The hammer exerts a force on the nail; the hammer exerts a force on the wood.
44. As a basketball player starts to jump for a rebound, the player begins to move upward faster and
faster until his shoes leave the floor. During the time that the player’s upward speed is increasing, the
force of the floor on the shoes is
A. greater than the player’s weight.
B. equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the player's weight.
C. less than the player’s weight.
D. zero.
45. The magnitude of the force of gravity acting on an object is equivalent to its
A. frictional force.
C. inertia.
B. weight.
D. mass.
46. A change in the force of gravity acting on an object will affect the object’s
A. mass.
C. weight.
B. frictional force.
D. inertia.
47. A sled weighing 1.0 102 N is held in place on a frictionless 20.0 slope by a rope attached to a
stake at the top. The rope is parallel to the slope. What is the normal force of the slope acting on the
sled?
A. 94 N
C. 37 N
B. 47 N
D. 34 N
48. A couch with a mass of 1  102 kg is placed on an adjustable ramp connected to a truck. As one end
of the ramp is raised, the couch begins to move downward. If the couch slides down the ramp with
an acceleration of 0.70 m/s2 when the ramp angle is 25, what is the coefficient of kinetic friction
between the ramp and couch?
(g = 9.81 m/s2)
A. 0.47
C. 0.39
B. 0.55
D. 0.35
49. There are six books in a stack, and each book weighs 5 N. The coefficient of friction between the
books is 0.2. With what horizontal force must one push to start sliding the top five books off the
bottom one?
A. 1 N
C. 6 N
B. 5 N
D. 49 N
50. An ice skater moving at 10.0 m/s coasts to a halt in 1.0  102 m on a smooth ice surface. What is the
coefficient of friction between the ice and the skates?
A. 0.025
C. 0.102
B. 0.051
D. 0.205
51. An object moves with a constant speed of 20 m/s on a circular track of radius 100 m. What is the
acceleration of the object?
A. 0
C. 2.0 m/s2
2
B. 0.20 m/s
D. 4.0 m/s2
52. A motorcycle has a mass of 250 kg. It goes around a 13.7 m radius turn at 96.5 km/h. What is the
centripetal force on the motorcycle?
A. 489 N
C. 1.31 104 N
3
B. 2.95  10 N
D. 1.70  105 N
53. A 0.50 kg mass is attached to the end of a 1.0 m string. The system is whirled in a horizontal
circular path. If the maximum tension that the string can withstand is 350 N, what is the maximum
speed of the mass if the string is not to break?
A. 700 m/s
C. 19 m/s
B. 26 m/s
D. 13 m/s
54. An object moves in a circular path at a constant speed. Consider the direction of the object’s
velocity and acceleration vectors.
A. Both vectors point in the same direction.
B. The vectors point in opposite directions.
C. The vectors are perpendicular.
D. The question is meaningless, since the acceleration is zero.
55. A car goes around a flat curve of radius 50 m at a speed of 14 m/s. What must be the minimum
coefficient of friction between the tires and the road for the car to make the turn?
A. 0.20
C. 0.60
B. 0.40
D. 0.80
56. What is the gravitational force between two trucks, each with a mass of 2.0  104 kg, that are 2.0 m
apart? (G = 6.673  10–11 Nm2/kg2)
A. 3.3  10–7 N
C. 6.7  10–3 N
B. 1.3  10–2 N
D. 6.7  10–7 N
57. The gravitational force between two masses is 36 N. What is the gravitational force if the distance
between them is tripled? (G = 6.673  10–11 Nm2/kg2)
A. 4.0 N
C. 18 N
B. 9.0 N
D. 27 N
58. By how many newtons does the weight of a 100 kg person change when he goes from sea level to an
altitude of 5000 m? (Mass of earth = 5.97  1024 kg; radius of earth = 6.38  106 m)
A. 0.39 N
C. 2.6 N
B. 9.7 N
D. 3.8 N
59. Umbriel, a moon of Uranus, has an orbital radius of 266 Mm and a period of 4.14 days. Use this
information to determine the mass of Uranus.
A. 3.27  1017 kg
C. 8.70  1025 kg
B. 2.20  1024 kg
D. 3.13  1029 kg
60. A certain planet has twice the earth’s mass and twice its radius. If a jar of peanut butter weighs 12 N
on the surface of the earth, how much would it weigh on the surface of this planet?
A. 6.0 N
C. 24 N
B. 12 N
D. 36 N
61. A satellite orbits the earth at an altitude of 230 km in a circular path. Determine the speed of the
satellite in its orbit. (Mass of earth = 5.97  1024 kg; radius of earth = 6.38  106 m)
A. 480 m/s
C. 7900 m/s
B. 7800 m/s
D. 8000 m/s
62. A force does positive work on an object if
A. the force is perpendicular to the object’s velocity.
B. the force is in the same direction as the object’s velocity.
C. the force is in the opposite direction of the object’s velocity.
D. there is an equal and opposite force acting on the object and the object is at rest.
Physics Practice Final Exam
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
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