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Kim Erich 60210515 INT104 Weekly Assignment Week 5: ASIA’S MEDITERRANEAN Strategy, Geopolitics, and Risk in the Seas of the Indo-Pacific I. Between US and China, they had create the trusty relationship between the two nations and China into the liberal global order hoping that Beijing would eventually become a pillar of the international order, sharing with America the burden of maintaining the post–World War II system. After many years of bilateral engagement over political, economic, and security issues appeared irrelevant in the face of China’s massive growth in power and influence, much of which seemed aimed squarely at reducing America’s role in the Indo-Pacific region. China’s plan and strategies of controlling maritime and air space, which is called the second-island chain. Effectively responding to China’s challenge requires adopting a larger geostrategic picture of the entire Indo-Pacific region and America’s position in it. It is helpful to briefly review the evolution of geopolitical thought in relation to this region. II. Mackinder’s famous 1904 article, “The Geographical Pivot of History,” in fact discussed only briefly the idea of the heartland, essentially steppe Eurasia, as the ultimate goal of any world power. The great struggles for world power that followed on the heels of Mackinder’s article in fact took place in the rimlands. Four decades after Mackinder’s original thesis, Spykman returned to the Rimland thesis and further modified it to take into account recent great-power warfare in the twentieth century. Spykman claims challenged Alfred Thayer Mahan’s famous assertion in the influence of seapower upon history that control of the high seas rightly was the great goal of the maritime powers. During World War II era, the United States dominated the oceans and most of the skies, it was the last major war where command of the ocean, whether the high or inner seas, was a strategic necessity. END