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1 Lab 8 Lab 7: Synthesis and Analysis of Soap Name Lab Report: 30 points Photos: Total: 5 points (upload photos to the end of your lab write -up) 35 points Exercise 1: Saponification of Plant Oils 1) Complete data table 1. (8 points) Data Table 1. Saponification Observations. Test Tube # Initial Color Initial Consistency Observations Just After Adding NaOH Firmness After 1st Stir Firmness After 2nd Stir Firmness Rank: Canola Oil Corn Oil Coconut Oil __Olive___ Oil 1 2 3 4 2 Softest (1) to Hardest (4) Data Table 2. Synthesized Soaps Photos Photo Questions: A) Describe saponification. What are the starting reactants and final products? What bonds are broken during the chemical reaction? (2 points) B) What happened to the glycerol that was produced during the saponification? (2 Points) C) What was the purpose of heating the test tubes in Exercise 1? (2 Points) D) Based on your observations when you added the NaOH, and before you stirred the solution, is NaOH polar or nonpolar? Explain your answer. (1 point) 3 E) Using the information in Table 1, describe the relationship between the consistency of each soap layer in solution and its composition paying particular attention to the unsaturated/saturated ratio of each starting oil. (1 point) Exercise 2: Testing the Effectiveness of Soaps 3) Complete data table 3. (6 points) Data Table 3. Soap Cleaning Efficiency Tests. Test Tube # Precipitation in Distilled Water (Yes/No) Distilled Water Sud Production Ranking (1=Most to 5=Least) Sud Production in Hard Water Compared to Distilled Water (More/Less/Equal) Precipitation in Hard Water (Yes/No) Canola Oil Soap Corn Oil Soap Coconut Oil Soap _____ Oil Soap Detergent 1 2 3 4 5 4 Questions: A. How do distilled water, hard water, and tap water influence the cleaning ability of soap? How can water hardness impact an individual’s day-to-day life? (2 points) B. What is an amphiphilic molecule? How does this property influence the effectiveness of soaps? (2 points) C. Of the synthesized soaps produced from canola oil, corn oil, and coconut oil (samples 1 – 3), which soap had the best cleaning ability? Support your answer with the results recorded in Data Table 3. (2 points) 5 D. What is the difference between soaps and detergents? How did the detergent tested in this laboratory compare to the soaps in both distilled water and hard water? (2 points) References