Download Lab 7 Synthesis and Analysis of Soap

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Lab 8
Lab 7: Synthesis and Analysis of Soap
Name
Lab Report:
30 points
Photos:
Total:
5 points (upload photos to the end of your lab write -up)
35 points
Exercise 1: Saponification of Plant Oils
1) Complete data table 1. (8 points)
Data Table 1. Saponification Observations.
Test Tube #
Initial Color
Initial
Consistency
Observations
Just After
Adding NaOH
Firmness After
1st Stir
Firmness After
2nd Stir
Firmness Rank:
Canola Oil
Corn Oil
Coconut Oil
__Olive___ Oil
1
2
3
4
2
Softest (1) to
Hardest (4)
Data Table 2. Synthesized Soaps Photos
Photo
Questions:
A) Describe saponification. What are the starting reactants and final products? What bonds are
broken during the chemical reaction? (2 points)
B) What happened to the glycerol that was produced during the saponification? (2 Points)
C) What was the purpose of heating the test tubes in Exercise 1? (2 Points)
D) Based on your observations when you added the NaOH, and before you stirred the solution,
is NaOH polar or nonpolar? Explain your answer. (1 point)
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E) Using the information in Table 1, describe the relationship between the consistency of each
soap layer in solution and its composition paying particular attention to the
unsaturated/saturated ratio of each starting oil. (1 point)
Exercise 2: Testing the Effectiveness of Soaps
3) Complete data table 3. (6 points)
Data Table 3. Soap Cleaning Efficiency Tests.
Test Tube #
Precipitation in
Distilled Water
(Yes/No)
Distilled Water
Sud Production
Ranking (1=Most
to 5=Least)
Sud Production in
Hard Water
Compared to
Distilled Water
(More/Less/Equal)
Precipitation in
Hard Water
(Yes/No)
Canola Oil
Soap
Corn Oil
Soap
Coconut Oil
Soap
_____ Oil
Soap
Detergent
1
2
3
4
5
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Questions:
A. How do distilled water, hard water, and tap water influence the cleaning ability of soap?
How can water hardness impact an individual’s day-to-day life? (2 points)
B. What is an amphiphilic molecule? How does this property influence the effectiveness of
soaps?
(2 points)
C. Of the synthesized soaps produced from canola oil, corn oil, and coconut oil (samples 1
– 3), which soap had the best cleaning ability? Support your answer with the results
recorded in Data Table 3.
(2 points)
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D. What is the difference between soaps and detergents? How did the detergent tested in
this laboratory compare to the soaps in both distilled water and hard water? (2 points)
References