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1. What is a property of arteries?
A. Arteries have elastic walls.
B. Arteries have valves.
C. All arteries carry oxygenated blood.
D. Arteries receive blood from the atria.
2 What blood flow does the right semilunar valve prevent?
A. Backflow of blood to the right atrium during ventricular contraction
B. Blood flowing from the aorta back into the heart when the ventricle is filling
C. Blood flowing from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle when the heart is relaxing
D. Blood flowing from the right atrium to the vena cava when the right atrium contracts
What causes the atrioventricular valves to close during a heartbeat?
A. Pressure in the atria is higher than in the ventricles.
B. Pressure in the atria is lower than in the ventricles.
C. Pressure in the arteries is higher than in the ventricles.
D. Pressure in the arteries is lower than in the ventricles.
The diagram shows changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and aorta during a single
cardiac cycle. At what point during the cycle does the atrioventricular valve close? A
An individual was presented with a stimulus resulting in the release of epinephrine. What was the
most likely nature of the stimulus?
A. Sunset and the onset of darkness
B. An image of a close friend
C. The intake of glucose
D. A coach shouting to begin physical activity
The diagram shows the human heart.
[Source: adapted to remove labels and arrows, recoloured and relabelled from Wapcaplet/
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diagram_of_the_human_heart_(cropped).svg]
After a red blood cell picks up oxygen in the lungs, which sequence shows the path it could take
when passing through the heart during its circuit of the body?
A. I → II → III → IV
B. II → I → IV → III
C. IV → III → I → II
D. IV → III → II → I
Which diagram represents blood flow through the mammalian heart? B
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
The graph shows blood pressure changes on the left side of the heart during one heartbeat. Identify
the two parts of the circulatory system that produce traces I and II on the graph.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019
I:Aorta
II: Atrial pressure
In 1628, the physician William Harvey described details of the circulation of blood for the first time. In
one experiment, he tied a tight bandage around the upper arm of a volunteer to display the blood
vessels in the lower arm more clearly. He pressed his finger on the blood vessel at H. At the same
time, he pushed the blood in the vessel from H to O with a second finger, removing the blood as
shown in the diagram. When the finger at H was released, the blood vessel refilled with blood.
[Source: adapted from William Harvey original plate]
a. Identify the type of blood vessels shown in the diagram. : veins
[1
Deduce what the experiment demonstrated about the circulation of blood.
The diagram shows the human heart.
Bloodflow in the veins is uuniirectional
Pressure of valeves
On the diagram, label the aorta.
[1]
a.i.On the diagram, label the right atrium.
[1]
a.ii.Explain how valves control the flow of blood through the heart.
[2]
b.Outline the causes and consequences of blood clot formation in coronary arteries.
When intense physical activity is anticipated, which factor in the blood will increase the frequency of
sinoatrial signals to heart muscle?
A. pH
B. Oxygen level
C. Thyroxin
D. Epinephrine
Distinguish between the structure of arteries and the structure of veins.
Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart?
A. Aorta
B. Pulmonary artery
C. Vena cava
D. Pulmonary vein
The micrograph shows a transverse section through blood vessels of a mammal.
[Source: This book was originally published by OpenStax College, released under the CC-By
license: https://creativecommons.org The eBook was adapted by Frank Lee.]
Identify the vein by labelling it with the letter V.
In which blood vessel connected to the heart does blood have the lowest carbon dioxide
concentration?
A. Pulmonary vein
B. Vena cava
C. Pulmonary artery
D. Coronary vein
What is the position of heart valves when blood pressure is highest in the aorta?
The diagram shows changes of pressure during the cardiac cycle.
Which is an explanation of the processes happening?
A. During phase I, pressure in the left ventricle decreases while it increases in the aorta during
contraction of the left atrium.
B. In phase II, pressure rises in the aorta because the left ventricle is contracting.
C. In phase III, pressure decreases in the aorta because the left atrium is relaxing.
D. In phase III, there is a constant increase of pressure in the aorta as both left atrium and ventricle
are at rest.