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3 The Structure of the Atom ENCOUNTER THE PHENOMENON Write the Encounter the Phenomenon question for this module. Use the “What I Know” column to list the things you know about the Encounter the Phenomenon question. Then list the questions you have about the Encounter the Phenomenon question in the “What I Want to Find Out” column. As you read the module, fill in the “What I Learned” column. W What I Want to Find Out Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education K What I Know Science Notebook • The Structure of the Atom 41 L What I Learned The Structure of the Atom 1 Early Ideas About Matter REVIEW VOCABULARY theory Recall the definition of the Review Vocabulary term. theory NEW VOCABULARY Define each New Vocabulary term. Dalton’s atomic theory Dalton’s atomic theory WORD ORIGIN atom atom Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Science Notebook • The Structure of the Atom 42 1 Early Ideas About Matter (continued) Summarize the effect that Aristotle had on the atomic theory proposed by Democritus. List the main points of Dalton’s atomic theory. 1. 2. 3. 4. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education 5. Get It? Explain how Dalton's theory of the atom and the conservation of mass are related. Science Notebook • The Structure of the Atom 43 1 Early Ideas About Matter (continued) Discuss Dalton’s ideas by completing the following paragraph. , Dalton was able to After years of studying of the elements involved in the accurately determine the , which helped to reactions. His conclusions resulted in the explain that in chemical reactions separate, , but are not created, , or , or . Compare and contrast the atomic theories of Democritus and Dalton. Mark an X under each name if a statement applies to that person’s theory. Statement Democritus Dalton All matter is made of tiny pieces. Matter is made of empty space through which atoms move. Atoms cannot be divided. Atoms cannot be created. Atoms cannot be destroyed. Different atoms combine in whole-number ratios to form compounds. Different kinds of atoms come in different sizes and shapes. Science Notebook • The Structure of the Atom 44 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education The properties of atoms vary based on shape, size, and movement. 1 Early Ideas About Matter (continued) CHECK YOUR PROGRESS 1. Summarize how matter was described by many early Greek philosophers. 2. Define atom using your own words. 3. Summarize Dalton’s atomic theory. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education 4. Explain what is meant by the conservation of mass and how it is useful to scientists studying chemical reactions. 5. Design a concept map that compares and contrasts how early Greek philosophers and how Democritus, Aristotle, and Dalton viewed matter. Science Notebook • The Structure of the Atom 45