Download Chapter 1 - Scientific Method Notes

Chapter 1: Scientific
Method Notes
OBSERVATIONS
A. First scientists come up with questions that need to be answered.
B. Collecting data is the next step
1. This process usually takes the longest time
2. Do this by observing with the five senses
3. Take measurements of what you are observing.
4. Sampling is done for observing and testing. Make sure you get enough
samples to get an accurate representation
5. Organize the data you have collected into order
HYPOTHESIS
A. This is done when many observations have been done and data has been collected
B. This statement explains their observations and data and can be tested
C. Then scientists make a prediction to test the hypothesis
D. This is a testable statement of what the scientist believes to be true.
EXPERIMENT
A. This also tests a hypothesis or prediction
B. Controlled experiment means the factors which are not being tested remain the
same throughout the experiment.
C. There is a control group and experimental group
1. Each of these groups are the same except for one factor.
2. The experimental group is given that factor.
3. The factor is called the independent variable
4. A factor that is measured or observed in both groups is called the dependent
variable which results from the independent variable.
D. Analyzing data
1. Scientists must look at the data that was taken from the experiment
2. Scientists look at the data to determine what it is saying about the test
CONCLUSION
A. A final analysis of the data collected from the experiment is made.
B. An explanation is made supported by data, can be visual, verbal, or mathematical
C. The hypothesis is either supported or rejected
1. If supported, no further testing is required; however, more data may be
needed to gain support of the scientific community.
2. If rejected, then more observations may be made to restate the hypothesis
and redo the experiment.
THEORY
A. Developed after a great deal of data collected consistently leads to the same
conclusion.
B. Experiment has the support and recognition of the greater scientific community.