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DNA Replication & Protein Synthesis
DNA is located in the ________ in the form of chromosomes.
The DNA Model
The DNA molecule looks like a ladder that has been ________.
The DNA molecule is made from two strands, twisted together
in a __________ _________.
_______ & ________ – created the double helix model for DNA.
The Structure of DNA
DNA is a long molecule made up of _______ units called _______.

Each nucleotide is made up of three parts:
1. __________ group
2. 5-carbon ______ (___________)
3. __________ base base
Repeating Nucleotides
The sides of the DNA ladder(backbone) is formed by ___________
and ________ groups.
The ____________ bases are the rungs of the DNA ladder.
RNA is _______ nitrogen bases long.
DNA is _____ ______ nitrogen bases long.
Nitrogenous Bases
There are _______ kinds of nitrogenous bases.
They are divided into two classes: ____________ and ____________
Chargaff’s Rules
Purines (bigger) – ____________ and ___________
Pyrmidines (smaller) – _________ and _________
____________ always bonds with __________. ____________ always bonds with __________
Below you can see that the nitrogen bases are held together by ____________ bonding.
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DNA Sequence
DNA Sequence
The particular order of the ____________ bases is called the DNA sequence.
This sequence makes each individual __________.
Each chromosome carries __________ genes.
23 chromosomes = 30,000 to 40,000 gene. This is known as the _______ _________.
So, _______% of your DNA is identical to everyone else's.
The remaining _____% influences the differences between us.
These differences include height, hair color and susceptibility to a particular disease
Mutations
Mutations are caused by ____________.
Examples of mutagens:
UV _____ , __________ & _______________
Mutations are _____________ in the nitrogen bases or in the DNA _____________.
RNA will have an error 1 in every ____________ nucleotides
DNA is 1 in 10 ____________ nucleotides
DNA Replication
DNA replication makes an _______ copy of the DNA strand.
Step 1
DNA ______ & ______ with the help of DNA polymerase
Step 2
Each strand of the parent DNA is used as a ________ to make the new daughter strand.
Step 3
Free floating __________ are
added by DNA polymerase.
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RNA differs from DNA in three ways
1. ________ is the sugar rather than deoxyribose
2. _________ (U) instead of ___________ (T)
Adenine, Guanine and Cytosine stay the same
3. _____ stranded
Three Different RNAs
1. ___________ RNA (mRNA) – takes a message or 3 letter code (codon) from DNA
GAC--UUC--GUU--AGU--UGA
2.
Ribos
ome
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) – meeting place for three RNAs
3. __________ RNA (tRNA) – brings
_______-_______ & _____ ____
Protein Synthesis - 2 Steps
The 2 steps in making proteins are ____________ & _____________
Transcription
______ step in protein synthesis
mRNA transcribes a _______ (code) from DNA
ytoplasm
DNA
Occurs in the ________
Label the DNA, cytoplasm & nucleus.
Next transcribe mRNA from DNA & show
it leaving the nucleus & entering the cytoplasm.
s
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Protein Synthesis -Transcription
Step 1
DNA _______ & _______ with the help of RNA polymerase
Step 2
Only ____ strand of the parent DNA is used as a ________ to make mRNA.
Step 3
Free floating __________ are added by RNA polymerase, making mRNA.
Protein Synthesis -Transcription
aking mR from D template
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Translation Goal:
to make a _________
 __________ step in protein synthesis
 all 3 RNAs meet (_______, _______ & _______).
 Occurs in the _______.
All 3 RNAs meet in the cytoplasm to make amino acids
Label Box 1 rRNA & Box 2 mRNA.
Next complete the anti-codon in the box above the mRNA
codon & then add the amino acid(use appendix A Below).
2.
2.
2.
3.
PA
E
oso
me
-AUG--UUC--GUU--AGU--UGA
1.
2.
5
Protein Synthesis –Translation
ReviewSynthesis rotein
ranslation




Translation is the meeting of all three RNAs (__RNA, __RNA & __RNA).
It takes place in the ________________.
The goal is to string together _________ ________ to form a protein.
Proteins make up our _____, _________, __________, _______,
__________, __________ lining & ____________ linings.
THE END!!!
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DNA Replication
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Protein Synthesis -Transcription
aking mR from D template
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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