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OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION A Introduction Brief outlineQUESTION of the scenario OF to Decision Making Point 1 – Approaches Point 2 - Determine the next step Point 3 – Whistle Blowing Point 4 – Leave if Necessary Summary References INTRODUCTION • Every day, people are making choices and decisions that they face difficulties and questioning themselves about what and how should they solved it which the choices and decision has to do with ethical issues. • Generally, ethics questions are basically everyday questions that people asked to take actions to make ethical decision. As for Stephanie, based on the scenario she faces difficulty with some transactions withdrawn without any explanation. BRIEF OUTLINE OF THE SCENARIO • After a few weeks, Stephanie discovered a discrepancy in the books of her firm’s projects. Six separate cheques for K10 000 each had been written by Stephanie’s boss over the past year each made payable to cash with no further explanation. When Stephanie approached her boss, she was told they were just another cost of doing business and she should inflate the cost of other items to cover the payments. What would Stephanie do now? • Stephanie again protested to her boss, who responded with obvious irritation. He said such payments were common and the use of substandard material wouldn’t affect safety. • . Stephanie hasn’t heard anything in three weeks and has just discovered a seventh K10 000 cheque payable to cash has come through. APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING Generally, Managers face many different kinds of tough ethical choices often from a normative approach – Which is based on norms and values to guide their decisions for the overall good of a business organization, which includes internal and outside as well. Utilitarian approach Is channeled more on the bases of moral behavior which produces the greatest good for the greatest number. Stephanie as to consider the effect of each possible decision made in all parties for the greatest good and for the greatest number. • The individualism Approach contends that acts are moral when they promote the individual’s best long-term interests. • Stephanie as to make the decision that best serves her longterm self-interest, and not just following her boss instructions. • So the approaches that she will take will produce the greatest good and for the greatest number, and most importantly for her reputation as a new employee DETERMINE THE NEXT PERSON • According to the scenario, Stephanie approaches her boss and supervisor to clarify the situation several time. Depending on her organization, she might seek help from her boss leadership, a compliance, an auditor and ethics hotline. • She should review the chain of command and follow the right procedures to carry on. If her boss cannot get the work done ethically, she has to seek someone who is in top level management to help solved this issued. A COMPLIANCE OFFICER. There are several people she can consult; she may first start with a compliance officer who is the person within any organization that make sure; The company Its employees and All its activities • That come to an agreement with relevant specialization and regulations which involves health and safety, legal or quality standards, environmental and also any ethical policies to that company. Simply to help her ensure ethical manner to deal with the issue. AN AUDITOR. • She can also consult an auditor to check all the transactions of the company. The purpose of an auditor is to review all the financial statement of the company and making sure that all the transactions are accurate. • For her case, it is better to approached internal auditor to ensure activities in company to run smoothly and follow the rules and laws as well checking each departments. • Another vital aspect they perform is to protect company’s assets from risk management that involves fraud and legal exposure, reveal area of company inefficiency and helps to make improvements. ETHICS HOTLINE. • She might also consider ethics hotline, “statics show that a hotline program for reporting wrongdoing is the most important tool for reducing fraud inside the company.” According to 2012 ACFE Global Fraud Study states that the application of ethics hotline encourages and allow workers and clients to make known the corruption and wrong doing within any organization. WHISTLE BLOWING Benefit Basic needs (Shelter) 1. What is Whistleblowing? act Quality houses. the problem is solvedor the firm can build houses to that can last long to Is the of reporting orIfexposing an unethical unacceptable behavior outside parties benefit thethe people. or can be within organization so that actions can be taken to eliminate it. Less money spent. For example , the people of the community would not need to maintain principle the house that often, if the houses run down. 2. Cost-benefit – The choices that we make every day has its cost and benefit. Below are the likely cost and benefit if Stephanie blows the whistle. Weighing the cost and benefit, Stephanie can seek ethical theories to help her carry out Costher decision. Job insecurity. For example, she may be fired, or degraded to a lower position. 3. Utilitarian theory: utilitarianism theory thebehind greatest amount of a good for Disloyalty to firm. Forthe example, coworkers willpromotes start to talk her back as the greatest number of people. Stephanie is going to whistle blow the unethical betrayer. situations in the firm. LEAVE IF NECESSARY • Establishing a good cause to quite, such as notifying the employer of the unethical activity and giving reasonable time to fix the issue. • Determine the next step of approach, such as ethics hotline, or to either move up to the next level of managers. • Safety – to be able to defend her position as an accountant and try as much as possible to make better decisions regarding her future. SUMMARY • When Stephanie started working in the organization she encountered an ethical dilemma, and now she is caught up in this situation and has taken theses approaches to deal with it. • Individualism Approach • Utilitarianism Approach • Whistle Blowing • Leave if necessary – After all these approaches are taken and there is still no responses or the responses is negative, the last option she could resort to is leave the company. REFERENCE Bartol, M.K., Martin, D., Tein, M., Matthews, G., (2005). Management: A Pacific Rim Focus (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill. Bauelua, R. (2021). Social Responsibility and Sustainable Development: [lecture notes]. Madang, Papua New Guinea: Faculty of Business and Informatics, Divine Word University Madang Campus. Bauelua, R. (2021). Lecture 2: Ethical theory and Business (power point slides). Moodle. How to Respond to an Ethical Dilemma. (2020). Michigan state University. Mi chiganstateuniversityonline.com/resources/leadership. Ken Boyd, March 18, 2019, QUICKBOOKhttp://www.quickbookonline.com Michigan State University, Feb 2020, http://www.michiganstaeuniversityonline.com Any Questions