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CELLS AND CELL STRUCTURE
Biology and Geology
IES El Escorial
April 2021
CELLS: THE
BUILDING BLOCKS
OF LIFE
• All living things, as well as having
the same kinds of molecules, are
made up of the same basic
structures: cells.
• Cells are the building blocks of
life.
• Cells are divided into two
classifications: prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells.
EUKARYOTIC CELL
STRUCTURE
• All cells, may it be prokaryotic or
eukaryotic, have three similar structures,
they have:
• Cytoplasm
• Cell membrane or plasma membrane
• Nucleus
• Eukaryotic cells can either be animal or
plant cells.
ANIMAL CELL STRUCTURE
• Animal cells come in many different shapes and sizes,
although they are usually more or less spherical.
• Animal cells have cell membranes which are semipermeable structures which allow selected substances to
enter the cell.
• They also have vacuoles which contain substances such as
food and waste materials.
• They have mitochondria which are the energy centres of
the cell. This is where cell respiration takes place.
• They also have a nucleus, which contains the cell’s DNA.
PLANT CELL STRUCTURE
• Plant cells are larger than animal cells.
• They come in different sizes but they are normally
polyhedral.
• Unlike animal cells, they have a cell wall, which is a
thick, rigid layer, made of cellulose that maintains the
cell’s form.
• They also have larger vacuoles, and these fluid-filled
cavities occupy most of the cytoplasm.
• They also have chloroplasts, which enables
photosynthesis to occur.