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Mission Back to the Future Motion and Forces EuReKa EsCaPeS! By SuNrIsE ScIeNcE This activity involves teamwork and attention to detail as your students imagine that they have found themselves transported by a time machine back to the beginning of the Mesozoic Era! The Time Machine has a ‘Reverse Trip’ button, but it requires that its passengers follow a series of clues and answer questions to ultimately find a secret message that will grant them access back to the future! The questions on the clues involve defining, identifying the units for, and calculating speed, velocity, and acceleration, understanding average versus instantaneous speed, analyzing basic position vs. time and speed vs. time graphs, the basic concepts of Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion, understanding net force, the forces of friction and gravity, and how weight of an object depends on gravity. The students will answer questions and follow directions/riddles to locate envelopes in the classroom with more clues. They will also be instructed along the way to input codes (in the form of letters and numbers) into the “Time Traveler” program, which is a Google Form that they will access online. As they input the consecutive codes into the Google Form, they will be brought closer and closer to the final clue, which will give them access back to the future. To prepare to set up this activity, you will need to print one set of PAGES 5 – 12 for each group. These can be printed in color or black and white. Groups of 4 are best, but if you have a lot of students in a class, up to 6 students will work! The easiest way to differentiate the materials for the different groups will be to use a color. There is a blank circle at the top of each envelope label and question card… just fill in this circle with a color on each item in a set. Say you have 5 groups of 4 students each… assign each group a color of a marker that you have available to you. Fill in the circle with that color on every envelope label & question card in the set for that group. So, you will have 5 sets of envelopes and cards, each distinguished by a specific color. You will need 4 “large” envelopes (6” x 9” is good) and 10 “small” envelopes (4.75” x 6.75” or so) for each group. Check your local dollar store as usually they will have packs of envelopes for cheap! Somewhere in your room, you will also need to have a real or fake plant, a clock (analog is best but digital will also work!), a table, and a small ‘nest of dino eggs’ (put a few plastic Easter eggs in a basket, or if you don’t have access to this, I have included a small picture of a dino egg nest—just tape it on the wall somewhere in your classroom and you will hide envelopes somewhere nearby.) You will follow the following directions with pictures to prepare the activity. The Google Form is already set up online and the first question card gives them the web address for this Form. To start the game, the students are given the first question card along with the storyline/Time Code sheet. Along with preparing the envelopes and hiding them in specific places, you will need to print PAGES 13 AND 14 back-to-back for each student. This is the answer sheet on which every student will keep track of his or her answers. The answer key is provided (PAGES 15 AND 16) so you can make the correct answers a separate assessment grade for this activity! Please follow the directions on the next pages to set up the activity. Thank you very much for your purchase. I hope that this activity works as a great review of these concepts for your students in a fun and engaging format! If this product meets your needs, please consider leaving feedback at TeachersPayTeachers.com, and also feel free to email me with any questions or concerns at [email protected]. © Sunrise Science 2018 Steps for Setting up the Escape Game: 1) Cut out all of the envelope labels and question cards. 2) Glue or tape the large envelope labels onto the front of the large envelopes (6” x 9”) and the small envelope labels onto the front of the small envelopes (4.75” x 6.75” … I used purple ones just because they were on sale at a local store!) 3) Label each group’s set by coloring in the small circle on all of the envelope labels and question cards with a color. For example, I chose green for this group. *** Look at the clip art pictures on each envelope label and the small pictures on the bottom right corner of each question card. You will be matching the picture on the question card to the picture on the envelope label, whether large or small. Every question card except for | will have an envelope. Two question cards will be going directly into a large envelopes and ten question cards will be going into small envelopes. These symbols match 4) Inside the Large Envelope #| (palm tree): question card with matching picture (not in a small envelope) small envelope with pterodactyl (question card with the matching picture goes inside) small envelope with volcano (question card with the matching picture goes inside) These pictures match These pictures match the picture on the large envelope 5) Inside the Large Envelope #2 (Diplodocus dino): small envelope with spotted egg (question card with the matching picture goes inside) small envelope with fossilized leaf (question card with the matching picture goes inside) small envelope with footprints (question card with the matching picture goes inside) 6) Inside the Large Envelope #3 (fossilized shell): question card with matching picture (not in a small envelope) small envelope with triceratops (question card with the matching picture goes inside) small envelope with ankylosaurus (question card with the matching picture goes inside) small envelope with tyrannosaurus (question card with the matching picture goes inside) These pictures match 7) Inside the Large Envelope #4 (T-Rex bones): small envelope with woolly mammoth (question card with the matching picture goes inside) small envelope with campfire (question card with the matching picture goes inside) 9) You will need to hide the stuffed envelopes in certain places around your classroom: The large envelope with the palm tree will be hidden under or near a fake or real plant The large envelope with the Diplodocus dinosaur will be hidden near or under a ‘Dinosaur egg nest’ (put some plastic Easter eggs in a bowl/basket or just tape the dino eggs picture to a wall and hide the envelopes nearby) The large envelope with the fossilized shell will be hidden near a clock (analog or digital) The large envelope with the T-Rex bones will be hidden under a table (tape it to the underside of the table!) These begin the game 8) Now you have four large envelopes stuffed with their correct contents for the game. You should also have a loose question card, which is given to the students along with the storyline/Time Code to start the game. You should also have an optional Dino eggs picture to use as the ‘nest of dino eggs’. *** The small label with the game’s name and the group color is just for storing this activity. You can bulldog-clamp the materials for each group together with the label on top. To Play! Decide on a time appropriate for your students. 40 minutes will probably suffice. If you have a class period this length, prep the students the day before with the concept/prompt and have them get right to work when they get to class! Write this time on the blank on the storyline message. I suggest having a large visual timer as well. Make sure that each group has a laptop/iPad/device with internet because they will need to crack the codes in the Google Form as instructed. To begin the game, give each group the storyline message and give each student an answer sheet (this will help keep everyone accountable in the group!). Read the prompt and explain the gist of the game. Then, give out the first clue (the loose question card with the clock collage on it that is not in an envelope. *** To help ease the process of re-stuffing the envelopes for your next class, ask the students to put the question cards back into their envelopes after answering each question! Mission Back to the Future Motion and Forces Keep calm and pay attention! You were fiddling around with the Time Machine at the Natural History Museum even though the sign said, “Do Not Touch!”. A few buttons were pressed that initiated an accidental time travel! After a strange and speedy trip back through geologic time, you’ve found yourselves peering up through a thick forest of palms where you can see pterodactyls gliding by! The complicated motherboard of the Time Machine has a ‘Reverse Trip’ button, so you have decided to push it. The Machine begins to make some grumbling sounds and a robotic voice says: This ship will depart at thirty past eight. It will leave without you if you are late. The answers to questions will be the key to unlock the codes presented to thee. Yesterday is tomorrow, the future is past, this place where you’ve traveled could be your last. There are dangers here with large bodies and teeth, so watch your back as you pass through the leaf. When one minute is left you will hear a loud bell; W whether you make it, only time will tell! C-9 REVERSE TRIP 3 X-6 V - |3 D-4 F - |4 S-2 T–8 R - |7 B - |2 G–5 P - |5 Q–7 H - |8 J - || N - |0 M - |9 K-| L - |6 This contraption of wiring on the Time Machine’s wall begins to flash with lights. You realize that it is a portable computer with a screen, so you assume that you should bring it with you on this excursion. You have just ______ minutes to follow the voice’s instructions so you can make it out of prehistoric times alive! Be careful and good luck! © Sunrise Science 2018 Alright, the time is ticking and you don’t know what creatures could be out in this wilderness! This time travel mission is going to require you to answer questions about motion and forces. All you have to do here is define some important terms and write the letter associated with each of your answers on your answer sheet. 1.) The best definition for mass is… W: the amount of space that an object takes up G: the amount of matter in an object P: the weight of an object 2.) The best definition for velocity is… R: an object’s resistance to motion C: the rate of change in position of an object N: the speed and direction of an object 3.) The most accurate definition for acceleration is… L: the rate of change in velocity B: the average speed of an object over time K: the mass of an object times its velocity Now, use the portable computer from the Time Machine to access the Time Traveler Program by typing the following web address into a browser: https://goo.gl/G6QLnt. Type the letters from your answers above into the box in order from #|-#3, in all capitals and with no spaces. Great work! But watch out for those pterodactyls above! Did you know that their name means “winged finger” because of the muscle membrane that connects their fourth finger to their wings? They can also walk on all four of their limbs like a vampire bat! But their hunting style is to swoop and catch fish in their pelican-like pouch! If a pterodactyl is flying west at a velocity of 25 meters per second and he speeds up to 3| meters per second in 6 seconds, what is his rate of acceleration? Write the letter associated with your answer on your answer sheet: T: 9.3 m/s2 J: -| m/s2 F: 6 m/s2 C: | m/s2 This answer will be important for cracking the next code. But in the meantime, do you smell smoke?? Now you may open the envelope with the picture of the volcano on it. You have successfully ventured into this Triassic forest! Answer the following questions by using the word bank and write the number associated with each answer on your answer sheet. |2: speed 4: velocity |0: acceleration 8: force Which type of motion do the following units represent?: 1.) m/s 2.) m/s2 3.) N 4) You are not going to be strolling leisurely through this dinosaur-laden forest! In which of the following situations would you have the fastest speed?: M: You walk 6 meters every 4 seconds D: You walk 7 meters every 3 seconds S: You walk 5 meters every 2 seconds Now, convert your answer to #4 into a number using the Time Code. Add up the numbers associated with each of your answers on this clue. Convert just the first digit of that sum into a clock image using the Time Code. Your next clue is in the envelope with that image on it! Yikes! The volcano is going to erupt! You need launch yourselves out of the Triassic period before you end up preserved in lava! Write your answers to these questions on your answer sheet: 1.) A pterodactyl flying at constant velocity means his acceleration is: |5: positive 6: negative ||: zero |7: increasing 2.) Lava flows fast for a few hours and then slow for a few hours. Overall, its average speed is: F: the same as the final speed of the lava W: greater than the final speed of the lava G: less than the final speed of the lava V: zero Now, convert all of your answers from this clue and the previous clue into numbers using the Time Code. Add up these three numbers and add |000. Go back to the Time Traveler Program and type this new number into the next code box. Alright, time travelers! You’ve found the nest of eggs but you better answer these questions and get out of here quick before she returns to check on her nest! 1.) The Diplodocus’s tail makes a booming sound because she can whip it through the air at supersonic speed! How much time (in seconds) would it take the Diplodocus to whip its tail a distance if 44 meters at the speed of 343 m/s? You may want to use the speed triangle to help find the formula to use for this problem. Do the work and write your answer on your answer sheet. Alright! You have reached a fossilized cycad, which you may recognize from back in the Triassic Period! Now that you’re in the Jurassic Period, there are big herds of gigantic dinosaurs called brachiosaurs. Decide which of the following graphs represents the motion described. Write the letter corresponding to your answer on your answer sheet. N: X: M: Q: 1.) The herd is not moving. 2.) The herd is coming closer to you. 3.) The herd is slowing down. Now, multiply your answer by |00, round this product to the nearest whole number, and then subtract 3. Convert this number into an image using the Time Code. Your next clue is located in the envelope with this image on it! Your answers from this clue will be important for cracking the next code. Your next clue is in the envelope with the theropod tracks (careful-theropod means ‘beast-footed’!). Okay, time travelers, you have navigated around some large creatures! These are the footprints of the Allosaurus, the top predator in this North American Jurassic food chain. If you peek over that cliff, you’ll see an Allosaurus heading for some Diplodocus eggs that he rolled over the cliff edge. You’ve successfully found a fossilized nautilus and time traveled into the Cretaceous Period! But, um, you might want to know that despite the name of the movie ‘Jurassic Park’, this is actually the most prevalent Period of the D.I.N.O.S.A.U.R.S.! And you have just found yourselves staring across a swamp at a Stegosaurus! You’re going to want to be extra careful and quick as you follow your clues through the Cretaceous, because maybe you know what’s coming towards the end of this geologic era? Let’s just say that you’d better be safe in the Time Machine well before the big event if you don’t want to end up extinct yourself! Use the key below to decide which of Newton’s Laws of Motion are being described in each scenario. Write the Law on your answer sheet: The dinosaur found a nest with different sized eggs. He rolled all of them over the cliff to try to crack them open on some rocks below. Write your answers to these questions on your answer sheet: 1.) If the Allosaurus pushed three eggs with different masses using the same amount of force on each, which egg would accelerate most? M: the most massive egg K: the least massive egg B: all of the eggs would accelerate at the same rate 2.) Ignoring air resistance, if the Allosaurs pushed all three eggs off the cliff at the same exact time, which one would hit the ground first? M: the most massive egg K: the least massive egg B: all of the eggs would land at the same time Now, type the letters of your answers to the last clue and this clue in order into the next code box in the Time Traveler Program. Newton’s First Law Newton’s Second Law Newton’s Third Law 1.) As a giant frog jumps off its lily pad, the lily pad floats backwards. 2.) An enormous boulder has been sitting in the same place since the Triassic Period. 3.) A mama Diplodocus teaches her baby to accelerate its tail as a self-defense against the T-Rex. The baby can swing its tail with less force to gain the same acceleration as its mama. Your next clue is in the envelope with the image of the clock associated with your answer to #1. Did you know that the name of this dinosaur, the Triceratops, means ‘three horned face’? But, don’t worry— it’s a herbivore and it just eats palm fronds! That frill made of bane around its head is just for protection against its predators. But, you’ll need to get by this guy without getting trampled in order to know which way to go next. Write your answer to these questions on your answer sheet: You’re getting closer to making the trip out of the Mesozoic Era, travelers! This army tank-looking dinosaur is the Ankylosaurus. It is also an herbivore, but keep your wits about you because its scientific name is derived from a Latin phrase meaning ‘destroyer of shins’… can you guess why?! 1.) Even back in the Cretaceous Period, the laws of the universe still applied. Which of the following best describes gravity?: Write your answers to these questions on your answer sheet: J: it’s a property of the Earth in which a force is applied to all objects on its surface V: all objects in the universe attract all other objects in the universe R: it’s the magnetic force of the atoms of an object attracted to the metal in the Earth’s core 1.) An Ankylosaurus walks East at a velocity of 6 miles per hour. How far does he walk in 45 minutes? B: 7.5 miles C: 4.5 miles T: 3 miles 2.) Which two things affect the amount of gravity between two objects? P: mass & distance F: speed & mass D: mass & metallic nature 2.) Convert your answer to #| into kilometers. There are |.6 kilometers per mile. Show your work. Now, go back to the Time Traveler program. The next code is going to be your letter answer to #| followed by two E’s and then your answer to #2 followed by two E’s. Use all capital letters and no spaces. The time has come for you to face the king of the tyrant lizards. Open the Tyrannosaurus Rex envelope. Awesome job so far. You’re going to want to answer these questions and skedaddle before one of two things happens: this T-Rex sniffs your presence, or the inevitable asteroid reaches Earth! Write your answers on your answer sheet: Wow– you’ve discovered a buried T-Rex skeleton from the Late Cretaceous! You are now in the Pleistocene Era while the great Woolly Mammoths were around. Write your answers to these questions on your answer sheet: 1.) Two T-Rexes are competing to make a meal out of a gigantic egg. If one T-Rex pushes the egg with a force of |500 Newtons to the right and the other pushes with a force of |800 Newtons to the left, what is the net force on the egg? F: 3300 Newtons X: 300 Newtons to the left S: 300 Newtons to the right 1.) A Woolly Mammoth has a weight of 5,400 kilograms on Earth. If he were somehow transported to the surface of Jupiter where gravity is 2.34 times that of Earth’s, what would be his weight? L: the same as on Earth G: about 2,300 kilograms P: about 12,600 kilograms 2.) When the egg starts to move, what is the force that works in the opposite direction of its motion? D: friction K: inertia N: gravity Now, convert your answers to both of these questions and question #| from the last clue into numbers using the Time Code. Multiply these three numbers together and input this as the next code into the Time Traveler program. 2.) If this Woolly Mammoth were in outer space surrounded by nothing, what would be his weight? V: zero kilograms C: same as on Earth Your answers to this clue will be important for cracking the last code, but for now, jump ahead to the time of the Homo erectus and open the camp fire envelope! The Homo erectus that you’ve met are quite nice! They’re amazed to see such advanced looking creatures and they’re impressed with the T-Rex bones you’ve found. The lights on the Time Machine are blinking like crazy— probably to warn you of the time you have until it returns without you to the Natural History Museum! The Homo erectus are motioning for you to follow them into a dark cave. Go ahead and follow them because they may know something that you need to know . . . There is writing on the cave walls! Decode only the numbers in the squares using the Time Code and type the whole message into the Time Traveler program: 3 E A |7 E A |6 |6 8 I |9 E 8 17 A 13 E 16 E 17 2 19 O 13 I 10 5 A 8 8 18 E 2 15 E E 4 60 19 I 10 U 8 E 2 15 E 17 EuReKa EsCaPeS! Mission Back to the Future Motion and forces group O 14 18 O U 17 Name __________________________________________ Date __________ Class _________ Motion and Forces Keep track of all of your answers in case the Time Machine needs to double-check them! You will write each answer in the next available box on this sheet. Do not go out of order or the Time Machine will get confused! 1) 2) 3) 1) 2) 3) 1) 1) 2) 1) 1) 2) 1) 2) 3) 4) © Sunrise Science 2018 Mission Back to the Future 1) ` 2) 1) 2) 1) 2) 1) 2) 1) 2) 3) Name __________________________________________ Date __________ Class _________ Motion and Forces Keep track of all of your answers in case the Time Machine needs to double-check them! You will write each answer in the next available box on this sheet. Do not go out of order or the Time Machine will get confused! 1) G 2) N 3) L Type GNL into first code box on the Google Form (https://goo.gl/G6QLnt) (code 1) The next set of clues are in a large envelope with a palm tree on it. Riddle explains that the envelope is hidden near something that makes its own food but does not cook– a plant. 1) |2 2) |0 3) 8 4) S Answer S converts to a 2 using Time Code. Add up all answers gives 32. The first digit of the sum is 3. Converting to a clock image using the Time Code gives which is the envelope with the pterodactyl on it. 1) C Using a = (Vf – Vi) / t gives a = (3| m/s – 25 m/s) / 6 s = | m/s2 1) || 2) W Converting all answers from this and the previous question into numbers and adding them together gives: C=9 + || + W=3 23 Adding |000 gives |023 (code 2) riddle answer using zig-zag code is HE HAS A SILENT P (code 3) The next set of clues are hidden near the dinosaur eggs (Use Easter eggs or the picture of the eggs) 1) 0.|28 seconds Using t = d/a gives t = 44 m / 343 m/s 0.|28 seconds Multiplying this answer by |00 and rounding to nearest whole number gives |3. Subtracting 3 gives |0. Converting to a clock image using the Time Code gives which is the envelope with the fossilized cycad branch on it. 1) N 2) X 1) K 2) B 3) Q Typing the answers from the previous clue plus this clue in order: NXQKB (code 4) riddle that next clue is near some thing with hands that cannot clap and a face that cannot frown. a clock (envelope has picture of a fossilized nautilus shell on it.) © Sunrise Science 2018 Mission Back to the Future 1) 3rd Law 2) |st Law 3) 2nd Law Next clue is in small envelope with same clock image as the answer to #| (This is the enveloped that also has the Triceratops on it.) 1) V 2) P Type answer to #| followed by two E’s then answer to #2 followed by two E’s --> All capital letters and no spaces : VEEPEE (code 5) open envelope with clock image G from Time Code 1) C 2) 7.2 kilometers 4.5 miles * |.6 kilometers/mile = 7.2 kilometers 1) X 2) D Converting both of these answers to numbers using Time Code (X = 6, D = 4), as well as #| from last clue (C = 9). Multiplying together gives 9 x 6 x 4 = 2|6 (code 6) riddle answer using Leet Speek code is ITS TRICERABOTTOM (code 7) The next set of clues are hidden under a table (Caesar Cipher says TREX SKELETON WOOLLY MAMMOTH UNDER TABLE) 1) P 2) V WE ARE ALL TIME TRAVELERS MOVING AT THE SPEED OF 60 MINUTES PER HOUR (final code) CONGRATULATIONS! You have really proven your understanding of Motion and Forces by reaching this pivotal moment. The final code has been cracked and you have secured your place on the Time Machine so you can get BACK TO THE FUTURE! Excellent job! Terms of Use © Sunrise Science Thank you for your purchase! The original purchaser of this document/product is granted permission to reproduce the pages in needed quantities for the purchaser’s classroom/home use only. By purchasing this resource, you are agreeing that the contents are the property of Sunrise Science and licensed to you only for classroom/personal use as a single user. 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