Download Ancient-Egypt

Ancient Egypt
Grade Level: 4-6
Teacher Guidelines
Instructional Pages
Activity Page
Practice Page
Homework Page
Answer Key
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pages 1 – 2
pages 3 – 8
pages 9-10
page 11-12
page 13
page 14-16
Classroom Procedure:
1. Display an image of a pyramid. Ask students: What
do you think about when you see a pyramid? What are
some things you know about pyramids?
2. Allow for responses and discussion. Ask students if they
believe pyramids, Egypt, or ancient civilizations have
anything to do with civilization today. Why or why not?
3. Allow for responses and discussion. Introduce Ancient
Egypt.
4. Distribute Ancient Egypt content pages. Read and review
the information with the students. Use the additional
resources to enhance understanding.
5. Distribute Activity pages. Read and review the
instructions. Assign students 3 names of other students
to write messages to, each student should receive 3
return messages. Remind students the messages must
be appropriate. Allow students time to complete, and you
may limit the length of each message. (Activity message:
Be Kind.)
6. Once completed, ask students to share some messages.
In addition, ask students what made the task difficult
versus today’s writing. Compare the writing to Morse
Code, or ask other students if they know of other kinds of
writing that uses symbols.
7. Allow for responses and discussion.
8. Distribute Practice pages. Check and review the
students’ responses on both pages.
9. Distribute the Homework page. The next day, check and
review the students’ responses.
10. In closing, ask students: As much as you have learned
about the Ancient Egyptians, what do you think is the most
interesting thing about life in Ancient Egypt? Would you
like to experience life during that time? Why or why not?
11. Allow for responses and discussion.
1
Approximate Grade Level: 4 – 6
Objectives:
The students will be able to describe,
identify and list characteristics of the
Egyptian Civilization and its impact on future
civilizations.
Common Core State Standards:
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.4.3
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.4.5
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.4.3
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.4.7
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.5.3
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.2
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.3
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.7
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.6.2
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.6.4
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.6.10
Class Sessions (45 minutes):
At least 2 class sessions.
Teaching Materials/Worksheets:
Ancient Egypt content pages (4), Activity
pages (2), Practice pages (2), Homework
page
Student Supplies:
handouts
Prepare Ahead of Time:
Copy handouts.
Options for Lesson:
Students may work with a partner for the
activity. Students use the alphabet to create a
longer message to another student, or a letter
to a parent or other family member. Students
create the messages using construction
paper, adding colors and other designs to the
message. Students create original symbols
for the alphabet, and create messages using
it. Invite an expert or Egyptologist to speak
with students about the Egyptian Civilization.
Students build 3-D pyramids from craft sticks
or toothpicks, and include “treasures” inside.
Assign one or more of the Egyptian gods to
students to research and present to the class.
Teacher Notes
The lesson introduces and summarizes Ancient Egypt and includes an overview of the culture and its
impact on future civilizations. There is an abundance of information available on the Internet to use and
for expanding the lesson for weeks. Students will be especially interested in the pyramids, daily life,
hieroglyphics, and other aspects of the Egyptian culture. The lesson may be used in conjunction with
other ancient civilization and those on pyramids and gods/goddesses.
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Additional Resources:
CONTENT:
http://www.coolkidfacts.com/ancient-egypt-for-kids/
http://egypt.mrdonn.org/
https://www.natgeokids.com/uk/discover/history/egypt/ten-facts-about-ancient-egypt/
http://www.historyforkids.net/ancient-egypt.html
http://www.primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/Egypt.html
WORKSHEETS:
http://www.opschools.org/webpages/pherman/resources.cfm?subpage=14625
http://bogglesworldesl.com/ancient_egypt.htm
http://www.historyforkids.net/egypt-worksheets.html
http://www.kidspuzzlesandgames.co.uk/themes/ancient-egypt/write-your-name-in-hieroglyphics
http://www.teach-nology.com/worksheets/soc_studies/egypt/
VIDEOS:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_E77WPW0vWw (21 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZvshtiEYdOQ (17 min-pyramids))
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dm8945K4dH0 (19 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lBYmOuajdC8 (11 min)
http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-egypt/videos (3 videos)
2
Ancient Civilizations
You are living in modern times, the
circumstances, ideas, and events of the present
age. Throughout most of the world, there is
advanced technology, transportation, communication,
and much more. In addition, most people
(there are exceptions) throughout the
world are part of civilized societies
and governments where a person
can live, work, learn, and play in
their neighborhood, small town, or
city. The structure of each society
is organized and people play different
roles and have responsibilities.
In short, you live in a civilization. A civilization is a way of life for people who are a part of
it. Every civilization usually includes various forms of art, science, government, rules, laws,
entertainment, religions, construction, writing, foods, and much more.
Throughout the history of the world there have been several past
civilizations which have been the models for modern civilizations,
which are called ancient civilizations. Ancient civilizations refer
to those first settled and stabled communities that became the
basis for later states, countries, and empires. Most of the ancient
civilizations were in existence over 2,000 years ago, and some
lasted for hundreds of years and others for more than a thousand.
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The most well-known and researched ancient civilizations include Mayan, Chinese, Greek, Persian,
Roman, Aztec, Inca, and several others. However, one of the greatest and most powerful civilizations in
the history of the world lasted for over 3,000 years. It was the Ancient Egyptian civilization.
When most people hear the words Ancient Egypt, they think of pyramids, kings, gods and goddesses,
Cleopatra, King Tut, mummies, and more. As with most ancient civilizations, they existed near water, as
water was the source of life providing food, soil, drink, and transportation.
Where was Ancient Egypt?
Ancient Egypt was located along the Nile River in northeast Africa, and as with other civilizations, the
Egyptians of the past influenced the civilizations of the future. Most of Ancient Egypt’s wealth came
from the Nile River, which is over 4,000 miles long and today meanders through the countries of Kenya,
Eritrea, Congo, Burundi, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia.
EGYPT
Nile River
The Nile River was significant during Ancient Egypt’s existence
with most of the famous historic sites lining the banks of the
longest river in the world. The source of the Nile River is Lake
Victoria, the largest lake in Africa (second largest in the world)
lying mainly in Tanzania and Uganda and bordering on Kenya.
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Without the Nile River, the people of Ancient
Egypt would not have survived. Rainfall is
almost non-existent in Egypt, and the Nile
River’s floods each year provided water for
the area’s crops. The flooding was a result
of heavy rains which fell in the Ethiopian
highlands and then overflowed the banks of the
Nile. Once the flooding subsided, the left over
thick mud was excellent soil for planting seeds.
In addition, reeds, called papyrus, grew along
its banks, and the Egyptians made paper and
boats from the reeds. The river provided fish
for food, and they used nets to catch birds
that lived near the water. Finally, one of the
greatest advantages of its location along the
Nile was the river’s use for transportation and
trade. It was the easiest and fastest way to
travel from place to place.
Kingdoms of Ancient Egypt
The history of Ancient Egypt is usually grouped into three major kingdoms called Old, Middle, and New.
During the kingdom periods, Ancient Egypt was at its strongest, and the times in between were called
intermediate periods. Each of the kingdoms was also broken down into dynasties, which include a
family of rulers who rule over a country for a long period of time.
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•
Old Kingdom •
2575 BC to •
2150 BC
•
•
Middle
Kingdom
1975 BC to
1640 BC
Over 400 years, strong government, very prosperous, most famous time
Pyramids constructed including its largest, Great Pyramid of Giza
Spanned four dynasties, referred to as the “Age of Pyramids”
Art spread and its style and images were imitated for 3,000 years
Trade established with other civilizations, trade ships built
• All of Egypt was united under a single government and Pharaoh, ruler in Egypt,
following political chaos during the intermediate period
• Capital of Egypt changed from Memphis to the city of Thebes, borders expanded
• Powerful army built to protect the country from invaders
• It was the greatest period of economic prosperity
• Art continued to develop with the introduction of a sculpture called block statues
• Writing and literature developed, using papyrus for paper for entertainment, story
writing and the recording of history
• Began following the fall of the Middle Kingdom and another intermediate period
when a foreign people had ruled the area
New Kingdom • A 10-year-old named Ahmose I became King and united Egypt around 1540 BC
1520 BC to • Called the “Golden Age” of wealth, prosperity, and power
1075 BC
• Most powerful pharaohs ruled: Ramses II, Thutmose III, Tutankhamun (King Tut)
• The time when the empire conquered and took over many surrounding lands
• Huge temples were built to honor their gods, and in honor of the leaders
The New Kingdom fell and the Egypt Empire weakened as they were invaded by the Sea Peoples and
tribesmen from Libya. In addition to the wars, drought (lack of rain) and famine (lack of food) caused
problems, and the under the last Pharaoh of the kingdom, Ramses XI, Egypt was no longer united. It led
to the third intermediate period, but there was too much division, and attacks from foreign powers led to
the Assyrians conquering much of Egypt around 650 BC.
Life in Ancient Egypt
Homes
There were basically two types of homes, those for the nobles, the upper-class, leaders, and wealthy,
and the peasants, the lower-class, workers, and others. Usually, the nobles had the largest homes and
lived along the Nile River, but nearly all homes were built from bricks made of mud and straw, which the
Egyptians invented. The strongest bricks were baked in an oven, but most were dried in the sun. Some
of the Nobles’ homes had up to 30 rooms, and ramps were used instead of stairs to reach its different
levels. The peasants’ homes were much smaller, built close together, and often shared walls with
neighbors, though may include up to three levels.
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Clothing
Nearly all Egyptians wore lightweight, white clothing due to the intense heat. Men
wore short kilts overtop a loincloth and a shirt, and women wore straight dresses
with one or two shoulder straps. The slaves and other servants wore patterned
fabrics. Children wore no clothing until the age of five or six.
In addition, men and women had worn make-up and jewelry
to honor the gods.
Food
Bread was common for all Egyptians, but they also ate
fruits, vegetables, lamb, and goats. The fruits included
melons, plums, figs, grapes, raisins, and dates. Vegetables
were onions, leeks, garlic, beans, lettuce, and others. They
also drank beer made from barley, and wine made from
grapes or plums.
Jobs
Most people were farmers due to the proximity of the Nile River and the
fertile land. Other workers included craftspeople such as carpenters,
weavers, jewelers, potters, and others. There were soldiers used for
protection, and during peacetimes they would help with government projects
such as canal and pyramid building. Scribes were those who could read
and write, usually coming from wealthy families, who learned how to use
hieroglyphics (ancient symbols). Finally, there were the religious priests
and priestesses responsible for ceremonies and the temples.
Children
The children in Ancient Egypt were treated well, and no child would ever be homeless. The boys were
considered troublemakers, whether they were or not, and the girls had an easier time. Kids were
encouraged to become strong and agile through game playing, though due to disease and dangerous
animals, about half the children died before age five. Children of the rich were taught math, science,
reading, and writing by tutors; and those of the peasants were taught how to be farmers, craftsmen, or
homemakers. Finally, most children became “adults” by age 12 or 14 when they were often married.
Other
Throughout the year, there were many festivals held in honor of gods and goddesses, where they would
offer many sacrifices and special offerings. Some of the more popular gods included: Ra (sun god), Isis
(mother goddess), Osiris (god of the dead), Horus (god of the sky), and Thoth (god of knowledge).
Many large and elaborate temples with gardens, statues, and memorials were built to honor the gods and
goddesses.
7
Of course, mummies, embalmed preserved bodies, are a common part of the Ancient
Egyptian culture. The mummies are related to the belief the people had of the afterlife, and
preserving the body would prepare them for this life. A couple famous mummies that have
been found and are in museums include the pharaohs, King Tut (Tutankhamun) and Rameses
the Great. There may have been about 70 million mummies made during the 3,000 years
Ancient Egypt existed.
Finally, Ancient Egypt is often well-known for the many pyramids, which were used as burial places and
monuments to the Pharaohs. Because of their belief in the afterlife, the pyramids were used to store all
the things needed to survive such as treasure, food, religious artifacts, religious texts, and more. In some
cases, a mummified pet would be buried with its owner. The largest pyramid ever built was 480 feet tall,
and thousands of workers were used to build them, which could take over 20 years to complete.
There is much more interesting information to be learned about Ancient Egypt and this unique civilization.
Many Egyptologists, archaeologists or other specialists who study Ancient Egypt, continue to find
and discover new facts, artifacts, writings, and more. They have learned the Ancient Egyptians have
influenced future civilizations including the ways to build buildings, use medicine, organize calendars, and
other concepts and ideas still used today.
As much as you have learned about the Ancient Egyptians, what
do you think is the most interesting thing about life in Ancient
Egypt? Would you like to experience life during that time?
Why or why not?
8
Activity
Name __________________________ Date _________
Instructions
1. Use the Hieroglyphic Alphabet on the next page to create short messages for three classmates
assigned to you by your teacher. Sign your name to each message.
a.
________________________________________
b.
________________________________________
c.
________________________________________
2. Decipher the following message:
3. You will also receive three messages from classmates which you will interpret below:
Message 1:
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Message 2:
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Message 3:
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
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Activity
Name __________________________ Date _________
Hieroglyphic Alphabet
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
10
Practice 1
Name __________________________ Date _________
Tell the difference between each pair of persons, places, or things. Be specific.
1. ancient civilizations and modern times____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Nile River and Lake Victoria____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. kingdoms and intermediate periods_______________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. drought and famine___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
5. nobles and peasants__________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Match the god or goddess to its devotion
Ra
Isis
A mother
B of the dead
Osiris
Horus
C of knowledge D sun
Thoth
E of the sky
Tell whether each statement is True (T) of False (F).
1
Children were not treated well, and many died before the age of five.
2
An Egyptologist is a specialist who studies Ancient Egypt, its past and more.
3
Pyramids were used as burial places and monuments to Pharaohs.
4
Most of the people in Ancient Egypt worked as carpenters, weavers, jewelers, potters, etc.
5
The children of the nobles and peasants received two distinct educations.
11
Practice 2
Name __________________________ Date _________
Match the statement with the correct term.
1
Ancient symbols used by the early Egyptians.
A Ahmose I
2
Sculpture and type of art developed by the Egyptians.
B Assyrians
3
The last Pharaoh of the final Kingdom in Egypt.
C Block statue
4
Family of rulers who rule over a country for a long time-period.
D Dynasties
5
Reeds growing along the banks of the Nile used for paper.
E Hieroglyphics
6
Group of people who conquered much of Egypt around 650 BC.
F Mummies
7
The Egyptians who could read and write.
G Papyrus
8
The name of the ruler or king in Ancient Egypt.
H Pharaoh
9
A 10-year old Pharaoh who became king around 1540 BC.
I Ramses XI
Embalmed and preserved bodies of those who died in Egypt.
J Scribes
10
Fill in the blanks using the word bank.
Water
Division
Pets
Trade
Afterlife
Make-up
Models
Bricks
Wealth
Floods
11. Many ancient civilizations have been _______________ for future cultures and civilizations.
12. Most ancient civilizations existed near _______________ as it was the source for many needs.
13. Most of Ancient Egypt’s _______________ came from the Nile River.
14. The Nile River _______________ each year providing water for the area’s crops.
15. The Nile River was quite useful for transportation and _______________.
16. Ancient Egypt fell due to attacks from foreign powers and _______________ among the leaders.
17. Nearly all homes in Ancient Egypt were constructed using _______________ made of mud and straw.
18. Nearly all the Ancient Egyptians wore jewelry and _______________, which included children.
19. Because of their belief in the _______________, pyramids were built and prepared before death.
20. Often, mummified _______________ were buried with their owners.
12
Homework
Name __________________________ Date _________
Tell if the event is part of the Old (O), Middle (M), or New (N) Kingdom of Ancient Egypt
1
The time when the empire conquered and took over many surrounding lands
2
Spanned four dynasties, referred to as the “Age of Pyramids”
3
A 10-year-old named Ahmose I became King and united Egypt
4
All of Egypt was united under a single government and Pharaoh
5
Pyramids constructed including the largest, Great Pyramid of Giza
6
Capital of Egypt changed from Memphis to the city of Thebes
7
It was the greatest period of economic prosperity
8
The time when the empire conquered and took over many surrounding lands
9
Called the “Golden Age” of wealth, prosperity, and power
10
Trade established with other civilizations, trade ships built
11
Writing and literature developed, papyrus for paper
12
Most powerful pharaohs ruled: Ramses II, Thutmose III, Tutankhamun (King Tut)
13
Art continued to develop with the introduction of a sculpture called block statues
14
Art spread and its style and images were imitated for 3,000 years
15
Huge temples were built to honor their gods, and in honor of the leaders
Answer each question.
16. Name 3 things civilizations consist of?___________________________________________________
17. Name 3 countries where the Nile River flows:______________________________________________
18. How many rulers or Pharaohs were named Ramses?_______________________________________
19. What made the clothing of the Egyptian slaves different from others? __________________________
20. Who was responsible for religious ceremonies and temples? _________________________________
21. Name 3 items buried with the dead inside pyramids: ________________________________________
22. Name 3 uses of papyrus: _____________________________________________________________
13
Practice 1
Answer Key
Name __________________________
Date _________
Tell the difference between each pair of persons, places, or things. Be specific.
1. ancient civilizations and modern times Ancient civilizations existed in the past and the modern times are
occurring presently or in the immediate past. The ancient civilizations were also those first established
and many of them became models for the modern times.
2. Nile River and Lake Victoria The Nile is a river and Victoria is a Lake, which does not meander like a
river but it is the source of the Nile River, located in Tanzania and Uganda. The Nile flows through 10
countries, the Nile is the longest river and Lake Victoria the second largest in the world.
3. kingdoms and intermediate periods Kingdoms are the major periods of times labeled as Old, Middle, or
New, and the intermediate periods are the time-periods between and following the kingdoms. The periods
usually consisted of some chaos but the kingdoms were times of stabilization.
4. drought and famine A drought is when there is little or no rain in an area which leads to a lack of
drinking water, but may also cause a famine, which is a lack of food to eat.
5. nobles and peasants The nobles were those who were wealth, had larger homes, better educated,
included the upper-class, and the peasants were the lower-class, included workers, farmers, and had
smaller homes.
Match the god or goddess to its devotion
D Ra
A Isis
B Osiris
E Horus
A mother
B of the dead
C of knowledge D sun
C Thoth
E of the sky
Tell whether each statement is True (T) of False (F).
1
F
Children were not treated well, and many died before the age of five.
2
T
An Egyptologist is a specialist who studies Ancient Egypt, its past and more.
3
T
Pyramids were used as burial places and monuments to Pharaohs.
4
F
Most of the people in Ancient Egypt worked as carpenters, weavers, jewelers, potters, etc.
5
T
The children of the nobles and peasants received two distinct educations.
14
Practice 2
Answer Key
Name __________________________
Date _________
Match the statement with the correct term.
1
E
Ancient symbols used by the early Egyptians.
A Ahmose I
2
C
Sculpture and type of art developed by the Egyptians.
B Assyrians
3
I
The last Pharaoh of the final Kingdom in Egypt.
C Block statue
4
D
Family of rulers who rule over a country for a long time-period.
D Dynasties
5 G Reeds growing along the banks of the Nile used for paper.
E Hieroglyphics
6
B
Group of people who conquered much of Egypt around 650 BC.
F Mummies
7
J
The Egyptians who could read and write.
G Papyrus
8
H
The name of the ruler or king in Ancient Egypt.
H Pharaoh
9
A
A 10-year old Pharaoh who became king around 1540 BC.
I Ramses XI
10
F
Embalmed and preserved bodies of those who died in Egypt.
J Scribes
Fill in the blanks using the word bank.
Water
Division
Pets
Trade
Afterlife
Make-up
Models
Bricks
Wealth
Floods
11. Many ancient civilizations have been models for future cultures and civilizations.
12. Most ancient civilizations existed near water as it was the source for many needs.
13. Most of Ancient Egypt’s wealth came from the Nile River.
14. The Nile River floods each year providing water for the area’s crops.
15. The Nile River was quite useful for transportation and trade.
16. Ancient Egypt fell due to attacks from foreign powers and division among the leaders.
17. Nearly all homes in Ancient Egypt were constructed using bricks made of mud and straw.
18. Nearly all the Ancient Egyptians wore jewelry and make-up, which included children.
19. Because of their belief in the afterlife, pyramids were built and prepared before death.
20. Often, mummified pets were buried with their owners.
15
Homework
Answer Key
Name __________________________
Date _________
Tell if the event is part of the Old (O), Middle (M), or New (N) Kingdom of Ancient Egypt
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
N
O
N
M
O
M
M
N
N
O
M
N
M
O
N
The time when the empire conquered and took over many surrounding lands
Spanned four dynasties, referred to as the “Age of Pyramids”
A 10-year-old named Ahmose I became King and united Egypt
All of Egypt was united under a single government and Pharaoh
Pyramids constructed including the largest, Great Pyramid of Giza
Capital of Egypt changed from Memphis to the city of Thebes
It was the greatest period of economic prosperity
The time when the empire conquered and took over many surrounding lands
Called the “Golden Age” of wealth, prosperity, and power
Trade established with other civilizations, trade ships built
Writing and literature developed, papyrus for paper
Most powerful pharaohs ruled: Ramses II, Thutmose III, Tutankhamun (King Tut)
Art continued to develop with the introduction of a sculpture called block statues
Art spread and its style and images were imitated for 3,000 years
Huge temples were built to honor their gods, and in honor of the leaders
Answer each question.
16. Name 3 things civilizations consist of? Science, rules, government, religions, etc. (will vary)
17. Name 3 countries where the Nile River flows: Kenya, Eritrea, Congo, Uganda, Egypt, etc. (will vary)
18. How many rulers or Pharaohs were named Ramses? 11
19. What made the clothing of the Egyptian slaves different from others? It had patterns.
20. Who was responsible for religious ceremonies and temples? Priests and priestesses
21. Name 3 items buried with the dead inside pyramids: treasure, food, religious texts/artifacts, etc.
22. Name 3 uses of papyrus: entertainment, story writing, recording history
16