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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
Directions: Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. Which of the following was not a characteristic of the Industrial Revolution?
A. capitalism replaces mercantilism as dominant political philosophy
B. mass production of goods due to advancement in machinery
C. civilizations replace agriculture with industry
D. massive urbanization
E. lacked a clear-cut beginning and end
2. Which of the following was not an effect of the Industrial Revolution?
A. Western countries hesitant to export industrialization to colonies to maintain dominance of trade
B. labor became less-skilled
C. empowered people to believe they should have say in the government
D. led to reform movements that limited working hours and child labor
E. the wealthy middle class left urban areas for the suburbs
3. Which of the following best explains why Britain was able to industrialize first?
A. Great Britain had vast deposits of natural energy sources – primarily coal, oil, and nuclear power
B. By leaving their fields fallow, Great Britain was able to increase crop production
C. life expectancy rose due to improved medical care, nutrition and hygiene
D. steam power was invented by James Watt
E. Rousseau’s landmark Enlightenment work – The Wealth of Nations – outlined the steps Britain had
already taken to industrialize
4. Which of the following was not a key phase of industrialization in Great Britain?
A. steam engine use adapted to every economic field
B. encouraged the development of vast networks of canals and railroads
C. electricity surpasses steam and coal as primary energy source
D. Bessemer Process takes impurities from iron allowing for the creation of steel
E. Eli Whitney’s invention of interchangeable parts prevented regions from exchanging technology
5. Which of the following was a social effect of the Industrial Revolution?
A. birth of the proletariat – owners who control labor
B. middle class prevented from owning agriculture
C. man becomes part of machine instead of controlling machine
D. on the assembly line, independent thought encouraged
E. pace of work slows down giving individual workers more control over pace of labor
6. Which of the following best summarizes the reform movements of the Industrial Revolution?
A. capitalism should not be checked by government intervention
B. reform more possible in Russia than in the United States due to autocratic structure
C. parliaments started passing laws that limited hours, child labor and worsened working conditions
D. factory owners almost always made changes because they realized a happy, healthy, well-paid work
force could be more productive
E. the number of people with influence – aristocracy and middle class – increased pressuring the
government to act on behalf of the workers
7. Which of the following was not a major global effect of the Industrial Revolution?
A. countries with industrial technology had advanced military weapons
B. Western European nations could not be defeated by Africans in battle
C. the creation of a monoculture that damaged both the environment and the economy
D. countries needed colonies to act as markets for finished goods
E. Britain became dominant global nation of 19th century because they were first to industrialize
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
8. Which of the following reflected the living conditions of the Industrial Revolution?
A. Initial housing was quite comfortable for immigrants
B. crime able to spread relatively unchecked in densely populated areas
C. factories closed in the winter time creating free time for factory laborers
D. health care prevented spread of disease in tenements
E. the bourgeoisie and proletariat frequently shared housing because that’s just the nice thing to do
9. What was the reaction to the Luddite protests?
A. business began to incorporate Luddite traditions in operational manuals
B. government sided with the Luddites
C. factories began making more user-friendly machines
D. government supported the bourgeoisie
E. conservatives frustrated by Luddite support for technological advancement
10. Which of the following was not a military improvement made during the Industrial Revolution?
A. gunpowder
B. modern artillery
C. machine gun
D. steam powered battleships
E. more accurate rifles
11. Which of the following best describes “Banana Republics”?
A. one crop was prioritized at the expense of developing additional crops and creating a complex
economy
B. parliamentary buildings created in a crescent shape to stimulate active discussion
C. tropical regions that lived on bananas as a staple product
D. businessmen and industrialists were unable to strike deals with local aristocrats and politicians
E. wealth created spreads to entire population
12. What was the first major trade to be fully power-driven and industrialized?
A. the canning of food
B. the textile industry
C. the production of rubber
D. the manufacture of glass
E. the leatherworking trade
13. What effect did nineteenth-century industrialization have on Europe’s aristocratic class?
A. Industrialization made the aristocratic class more powerful
B. Industrialization had very little effect on the aristocratic class
C. Industrialization gradually weakened the power and prestige of the aristocratic class
D. Industrialization suddenly weakened the power and prestige of the aristocratic class
E. Industrialization had no effect at all on the aristocratic class
14. Which of the following was NOT among the Western world’s industrial leaders during most of the
nineteenth century?
A. Austria
B. England
C. Belgium
D. the United States
E. the western German states
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
15. Who came up with the notion of the “iron law of wages” that the employer will pay the lowest possible
wage to make a profit?
A. Adam Smith
B. Thomas Malthus
C. Robert Owen
D. David Ricardo
E. Karl Marx
16. Which of the following best characterizes standard Marxist doctrine?
A. Economic competition leads to the highest possible level of prosperity for all
B. the struggle between propertied classes and laboring classes is the determining force in all human
affairs
C. Any interference with the natural operation of supply and demand is harmful.
D. It is possible to achieve social justice and economic equality within the capitalist framework
E. There is no avoiding the fact that there will always be impoverished classes in every society
17. How did industrialization affect the Atlantic slave trade?
A. Reliance on machines caused the slave trade to end somewhat earlier than it would have otherwise
B. Industrialization had little or no effect on the slave trade
C. Industrialization of the textile trade increased the demand for U.S. cotton and revived slavery for
several decades
D. Industrialization quickly ended the slave trade
E. Steam power allowed the British and U.S. navies to stop the slave trade altogether before the 1850s
18. Which of the following was a major advantage Britain had over Japan in industrializing?
A. British able to industrialize faster due to prior knowledge
B. Britain is an island
C. Britain has smarter people willing to work hard
D. Britain has large domestic deposits of coal
E. British government favored industrialization
19. Which of the following was a difference between Japanese industrialization and British industrialization?
A. success of women’s reform movements
B. class tensions developed
C. limited foreign investment
D. rapid urbanization
E. factories built quickly
20. Which of the following was not a technological innovation of the Industrial Revolution?
A. new weaponry
B. cotton gin that made textile revolution possible
C. new technological innovations to extract resources from earth
D. Spinning Jenny
E. ox-drawn plow
21. Which of the following was not a commonality of Industrial Revolutions around the world?
A. urbanization due to poor harvests, too little land, too many mouths to feed
B. brutal initial working conditions that lead to demands for reform
C. middle class forms made of factory managers, shop owners and the proletariat
D. factories built near towns
E. increased need to find natural resources and markets for goods
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
22. Which of the following was not a change in social thought that stemmed directly from urbanization?
A. women’s emancipation movements
B. the Enlightenment
C. rise of unions and laws to protect workers
D. rise of Marxism
E. independence movements and revolutions
23. Which of the following does not accurately reflect the changing role of women due to the Industrial
Revolution?
A. by 1900, most working women were single
B. women were usually paid less than men
C. reform laws eventually limited women’s access to the marketplace
D. upper class women more restricted to their home than in previous eras
E. poor women actually had more opportunity for gender equality than upper/middle class women
24. Middle class housewives during the Industrial Revolution
A. lived in suburbs and sometimes managed a servant
B. expansive social opportunities consistently involving white collar laborers
C. resisted pull of traditional role in house
D. were the most active opponents of suffrage
E. did not have access to labor saving devices
25. Because of the Industrial Revolution
A. the massive working class consistently saw income disparity vis-à-vis the upper class
B. power and wealth were again based solely on hereditary
C. the new middle class consisted of managers, accountants, doctors, factory laborers and lawyers
D. social mobility was limited
E. husbands became homemakers and wives became primary wage earners
26. Modern political revolutions were characterized by
A. the influence of Enlightenment ideals
B. peasants and urban workers refusing to protest
C. eventual choice of universal democracy instead of autocracy
D. the destruction of traditional religion
E. the unopposed rule of absolute monarchs
27. Which of the following was not a cause of the American Revolution?
A. enforcement of navigation laws
B. frustration of colonists that they lacked representation in England
C. opening of western lands to exploration and migration
D. debt from Seven Years War
E. notions of a social contract described by British writer John Locke
28. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense was notable for
A. its clear outlining of the correct operation of the steam engine
B. its firm rebuttal of Christian ideology
C. its attempt to unite Canada and the United States against the British Empire
D. statement that monarchy stripped America of its natural rights
E. its limited press run
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
29. One of the direct results of the American Revolution was
A. France’s impending economic crisis
B. loss of all British territory in the Americas
C. establishment of the United States of America – a communist dictatorship bent on taking over the
world
D. creation of a Constitution that discussed notions of government never before experienced in the
history of mankind
E. the election of John Adams as the first president of the United States
30. Which of the following was not a cause of the French Revolution?
A. the American Revolution
B. economic policies of Louis XVI
C. leisure expenditures of Marie Antoinette
D. inability to collect taxes from the Third Estate
E. Poor harvests and unemployment
31. Which of the following did not occur in the early stages of the French Revolution?
A. Napoleon established stability by taking power from the Directory
B. the Third Estate broke away from the First and Second Estate and established the National Assembly
C. revolutions in the city eventually spread to the countryside
D. Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were brought to Paris
E. Louis XVI called a meeting of the Estates General for the first time in over 150 years
32. The Declaration of the Rights of Man
A. increased the authority of feudal rights
B. established natural rights not discussed by previous Western nations
C. guaranteed freedoms of press and religion
D. was embraced by other European nations
E. reestablished the control of the Catholic Church
33. Which of the following was not accomplished during the Reign of Terror?
A. killing of thousands of French by using the guillotine
B. creation of a new constitution
C. beheading of its leader Robespierre
D. establishment of universal male suffrage
E. refusal to adopt universal military conscription
34. During the French Revolution, the Directory
A. was led by three men who jointly ruled the executive branch
B. failed to end the chaos in France
C. increased the size of the military
D. was replaced by Napoleon
E. agreed on all proposals without debate
35. Which of the following is not true about the cycle of revolution?
A. the initial stages are planned by the liberal nobility and wealthy middle class
B. the radical phase becomes too radical leading to a conservative backlash
C. the revolution almost always ends in a democracy
D. the initial reforms aren’t enough so the revolution becomes more radical
E. the greatest freedoms come at the beginning of the revolution, but don’t last
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
36. Which of the following changes to France was not attributed to Napoleon?
A. created the fifth constitution of the French Revolution
B. censored speech and the press
C. created the Bank of France
D. established law codes
E. developed the Napoleonic standardized law code that exists in France to this day
37. Napoleon was successful in
A. defeating Moscow
B. making himself king of all of Europe
C. turning the Holy Roman Empire into Germany
D. bringing the freedoms of France to Europe
E. conquering Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal and England
38. The Congress of Vienna
A. punished France by decreasing their borders to pre-medieval size
B. formed moderate democracies in major European states
C. attempted to divide Europe amongst the Prussians and the British
D. attempted to maintain equilibrium in Europe by preventing any one nation from becoming too
powerful or weak
E. prevented any military conflict for a hundred years
39. The French Revolution can be considered a success because
A. the old royal family was put back into power
B. it did away with all forms of absolute monarchy
C. set the precedent that the voice of the masses could not be ignored
D. it resulted in universal manhood suffrage
E. tempered the spread of nationalism to European nations
40. Which of the following is an accurate depiction of politics in Europe between 1815 and 1848?
A. aside from French’s mini-revolutions, the remainder of Europe prevented social rebellions
B. the monarchies of Western Europe attempted to maintain control while controlling the frustration of
the lower class
C. though Russia allowed serfs to leave their land, they could only vote in local elections
D. even in Great Britain, only 50% of the population actively participated in parliament
E. the lower classes gradually became more content with their status
41. The Revolution of 1848
A. were massive disturbances that to some degree affected every country in Europe
B. was started because the French king decided to enact reforms not agreed on by other nations
C. reflected the frustration of the lower classes at the negative social and economic effects of the
Industrial Revolution
D. forced the king of Prussia to withdraw reforms
E. demonstrated that people were inspired more by religion than by nationalism
42. Which of the following was not a continuity of the Modern Era?
A. Chinese belief in their own cultural superiority
B. Slavery ends and slaves incorporated into society
C. after decades of revolution, France emerged with a monarch in power
D. Christianity continued to play large role in lives of Europeans
E. Conservatives attempt to keep power by fighting liberalizing elements
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
43. Which of the following was not a shift of the Modern Era?
A. mechanization and industrialization become driving forces
B. mercantilism and feudalism replaced by capitalism
C. elite status can now be achieved through wealth
D. scientific/secular world begins to dominate thought
E. republican governments come to an end in favor of stable monarchies
44. Which of the following occurred during the Modern Era?
A. Europe had a head start in industrialization due to their previous voyages of exploration, colonization
and control of world trading networks
B. unification of Germany, Italy and France
C. end of absolute monarchies
D. developments in one region have impact on other regions
E. nationalism becomes huge force uniting people
45. Which of the following does not represent the ideology of ethnocentrism?
A. desire to convert heathens to Christianity and civilize them in the European fashion
B. Rudyard Kipling’s novel the White Man’s Burden
C. Chinese believed they were the center of the world – the “Middle Kingdom”
D. Japan believed they were racially superior having an emperor as descendant of the creator of man
E. Europe had the military technology to act on their ethnocentric beliefs
46. Why was change able to happen so quickly during the Modern Era?
A. communication rapid due to trains, ships and telegraph cables
B. invention of gunpowder
C. ruralization allowed like-minded people to associate
D. countryside becomes more liberal, desiring change
E. Japan and Africa eager to see their culture become controlled by Europeans
47. Examples of changes in World Trade during the Modern Era
A. the transfer of manufactured goods from the West to the rest of the world
B. Latin American and African nations allowed to choose which crops they grew
C. large plantations divided into small, independently owned plots of land
D. slavery increases initially to satisfy demands of industrialization
E. Ottoman Empire increases control of the Mediterranean
48. The Opium Trade
A. benefited China by increasing revenue from India
B. shifted the trade balance away from China to Europe
C. led to Opium Wars which eventually opened up trade in China to only England
D. initially was able to trade out of all Chinese ports
E. opened up the Suez Canal and made Egypt a dominant force in world trade
49. World Trade in the Modern Era saw
A. Japan refrain from joining the worldwide trading network
B. the African Slave trade end in Brazil, North America, the Caribbean and the Middle East
C. Commodore Perry open trade in China
D. Russia export grain to Western Europe
E. a maintenance of serfdom in Russia until 1900
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
50. All of the following were push factors that increased emigration in the Modern Era except
A. oppressive Communism in Russia
B. famine in Ireland
C. anti-Semitism in Russia
D. poverty
E. Russian pogroms
51. As immigration increased
A. European settler colonies were unable to control native populations
B. industrialized nations began to lose profits
C. indigenous populations suffered from disease
D. young adults moved away from cities to the countryside in mass numbers
E. middle class stayed in the cities while the poor were pushed to suburbs
52. Which of the following was not an effect of the Atlantic Slave Trade
A. Africans began to rely more on the slave trade for economic gain
B. Internal trade relies on the importation of foreign goods
C. coastal kingdoms become ruled by merchants and warlords who take advantage of slave trade
D. coastal communities were so strong due to slave trade that they could not be defeated by Europeans
E. introduction of guns increased severity of conflicts between tribes
53. What caused the end of the Atlantic Slave Trade
A. France took a leading role in enforcing abolition
B. Great Britain convinces nations to discontinue trade after Napoleonic wars
C. ending of slavery first in Cuba and then in Brazil
D. the cost of obtaining slaves was decreasing
E. military defiance by Africans
54. Which of the following does not reflect a population change during the Modern Era?
A. birth rate eventually declines due to lack of need for farm laborers
B. drop in death rate due to Louis Pasteur’s germ research
C. China’s development of the sweet potato eventually increases the food supply
D. Japanese population declines due to famine and agricultural famines
E. improved sanitation improves health
55. The end of the Atlantic Slave Trade
A. was enforced by Great Britain after the abolition of the slave trade in 1640
B. might have officially ended, but still over two million slaves were traded illegally
C. only increased the power of the coastal kingdoms
D. left the African states independent and economically vibrant
E. came at the same time as the end of the Islamic slave trade
56. The ideal women during the Victorian Age
A. fought for reform efforts
B. worked in the factory to support a family
C. held off marriage until she found someone she truly loved
D. was consistently exposed to foul jokes and grotesque images
E. focused on proper manners and etiquette
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
57. Because of Industrialization
A. many people felt no longer resigned to fate and felt as if they could alter their situation
B. monkeys were able to floss their teeth with electric tooth brushes
C. the standard of living went up immediately for everyone in the country, but then went down
D. men's occupational sphere primarily consisted of teaching and nursing
E. eventually governments had to encourage companies to work their laborers longer hours under worse
conditions
58. Serfdom
A. was prevalent in Russia, Madagascar and Papua New Guinea
B. ended, but peasants could not leave the land until they paid off their debt to the landowner
C. occurred decades before the emancipation of slaves in the US
D. was needed to maintain a large population with surplus money to buy manufactured goods
E. was economically successful because it inspired peasants to work to their full ability
59. Which of the following was not a major cause championed by women during the reform movements of the
1800s?
A. temperance
B. access to birth control
C. equal job opportunities
D. suffrage
E. equal pay
60. During the French Revolution, how was the abolishment of the monarchy and the aristocracy justified?
A. threat of invasion from Austria and German states
B. need to test the effectiveness of the guillotine and other forms of cutlery
C. surplus of grain
D. Napoleon's rise to power
E. the United States' promise to intervene
61. Which of the following is not a reason why historians claim the American Revolution was not actually a
revolution?
A. merely the exchange of power from one wealthy group to another
B. actually an independence movement
C. social/political structure remained relatively unchanged
D. regions of Colonial America already ruled with a growing degree of autonomy
E. the Declaration of Independence was actually just copied from the work of John Locke
62. The Haitian Revolution
A. failed to receive the support of creoles and mulattoes
B. was put down by Napoleon's agent Toussaint L'Ouverture
C. was caused in part by the self-serving French mercantilist policy
D. inspired the American Revolution
E. created the first nation in the Caribbean ruled under a policy of apartheid
63. The French were defeated in the Haitian Revolution because of
A. their reliance on Freedom Fries as primary source of carbohydrates
B. yellow fever wiped out French soldiers
C. Napoleon utilized indigenous soldiers to put down the revolution
D. Napoleon's desire to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States
E. the slaves never splintered into rival factions
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
64. The Latin American struggles for independence were caused in large part by
A. Napoleon's wars against Europe left the power authority of Spain and Portugal in doubt
B. the indigenous desire to set up a mercantilist economy
C. British naval destruction of the Spanish Armada
D. decrease of Amazonian vegetation
E. the frustration of the Spanish hierarchy that all governmental jobs were dominated by Creoles
65. Though most Latin American nations gained independence from Europe,
A. constitutional law oftentimes proved a failure, establishing a precedent of caudillos rising to power
B. Mexico and Brazil remained under control of Spain until World War I
C. religious leaders refused to recognize any of the new governments
D. Latin America eventually became one nation-state under the title Estados Unidos del Sud Amerigo
E. reformers and liberals chose to refrain from further attempts to extend political and economic
opportunities
66. Which of the following was not a cause of economic difficulty for Latin American nations in the 19th
century?
A. failure to diversify economies
B. reliance on slave labor to survive
C. industrialization occurred too rapidly
D. importation of manufactured goods
E. predisposition to mere extraction of natural resources
67. Which of the following best describes Latin America's relationship with Europe
A. Europe had no influence on Latin America
B. Europe had little influence on Latin America
C. United States stayed out o Latin American affairs
D. Europeans had no impact on political leaders of Latin America
E. A huge European influence continued both economically and politically
68. The first Mexican Revolution was led by
A. a Creole priest without assistance from mestizos and Native Americans
B. a Creole priest that led mestizos and Native Americans
C. Creole business owners frustrated by Spanish influence
D. French revolutionaries’ intent on transforming region
E. an overweight Northern European from the Arctic who passed out presents
69. All of the following were results of the first Mexican Revolution except
A. universal manhood suffrage
B. French occupation
C. eventual reforms under Benito Juarez
D. continued years of chaos
E. relative lack of Creole interest in reform
70. One of the primary causes of the Mexican Revolution of 1910 was
A. the widening income gap between landowners and peasants
B. oppressive Spanish rule
C. decreasing impact of Catholicism
D. conservative reformers demanding change
E. the French Revolution
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
71. Which of the following was not a cause of the Chinese Revolution?
A. Qing administration's decision to take power from provincial governments
B. increasing influence of foreigners
C. frustration of rural peasants
D. diffusion of Western reform ideas by educated Chinese
E. embarrassing defeat in Sino-Japanese War
72. Dowager Empress Cixi
A. has a name I can readily pronounce
B. nephew's concubine who ruled in his place
C. encouraged implementation of Western reform ideals
D. eventually arrested Emperor after considering Hundred Days Reform
E. increased territorial holdings of China
73. The Chinese Revolution of 1911 was followed by
A. years of chaos and the gradual secession of provinces
B. decades of stability enforced by a democratic regime
C. the establishment in 1927 of a Republican parliament
D. the return of power to the Qing emperor in 1912
E. the decreasing power of warlords in outlying provinces
74. Sun Yat-sen
A. initiated the revolt in 1911 by leading a military insurgency
B. was frustrated that he had not achieved the title of father of Modern China
C. advocated the principles of nationalism, democracy and the People's Livelihood
D. refused to employ military strategies to gain power
E. died before seeing the revolution succeed
75. The Chinese Republic of 1912
A. was run by the Communist Party - Kuomintang
B. represented the first time in China a politician had come to power by the will of the people
C. ended in a Civil War as Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong united to assume power
D. succeeded without assistance from the Soviets
E. implemented the American Constitution for 87 years
76. Which of the following does not accurately reflect the Latin American independence movements?
A. Portuguese King John VI runs Portugal in exile in Brazil
B. were caused in large part by the confusion over authority due to Napoleon's European conquests
C. Venezuelan Simon Bolivar attempted to implement reforms learned through his Western education
D. The Argentinean independence movement was contained within Argentina's borders
E. King John VI's son Pedro eventually declares independence from Portugal
77. Which of the following was not a characteristic of Latin American independence movements?
A. acceptance of Enlightenment ideals by the both creoles and peasants
B. slavery still existed in some nations for centuries
C. peasants worked on huge estates
D. a dominant middle class never emerged
E. economies continued to rely on European goods
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
78. Independence from European influence was hampered by
A. the Catholic Church's desire to give up control
B. conservative attempts to give up power
C. Latin American maintenance of a mercantilistic-type economy
D. an ocean
E. Latin America's burgeoning manufacturing industry
79. One method that allowed Russian leaders to maintain control over a huge territory was
A. usage of a secret police to squash rebellion
B. recruitment of serfs for military duty
C. alliance with China to fend off Mongol advance
D. clever flag with a hammer and sickle
E. leadership wholesale acceptance of Enlightened ideals
80. Russia's Emancipation Edict of 1861
A. freed slaves
B. enabled serfs to move only if they made payments to government
C. followed the precedent of America's Emancipation Proclamation
D. was alliteration
E. was passed by Czar Nicholas II
81. During Nicholas II's Russification
A. thousands of Jews were killed in religious pogroms
B. Communist forces storm Leningrad
C. bread harvests reach unprecedented heights
D. Russia's borders spread to Northern California
E. vodka is outlawed on streets, but not avenues
82. The creation of the Duma
A. satisfied the peasant demands for autonomy
B. had no real power and could be cancelled at any time
C. demonstrated Czar Nicholas II's understanding of the needs of the people
D. followed Russia's victory in the Russo-Japanese War
E. followed the incorporation of universal manhood suffrage in Russia
83. In India,
A. a large number of educated elite demanded the freedom they learned from their Western education
B. the Indian National Congress was established in 1912
C. Mohandas Gandhi became the nation's first Prime Minister
D. independence was gained due to violent confrontation with Britain
E. the Great Wall of China can not be seen from my house
84. Latin American revolutions were
A. led by wealthy, educated creoles
B. replaced Creole landowners with peninsulares
C. for the most part completed by 1812
D. successful in that they prevented future civil wars or power rivalries
E. put down by caudillos, priests who protected peasants at all costs
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
85. A connection to one's own home, region, language and culture is known as
A. nationalism
B. feudalism
C. communism
D. the Great Schism
E. multi-colored prism
86. Germany and Italy
A. were two of the first European regions to centralize authority while creating a nation
B. unified by the second part of the nineteenth century and changed the balance of power in Europe
C. were free of foreign control prior to their unification
D. refused to involve themselves in land claims around the world
E. invented noodles and schnitzel
87. Which of the following was not true about Italy's unification?
A. it was initiated by the king of the island kingdom Sardinia
B. focused on kicking out the Austrians from northern Italy
C. northern Italians were content with the established border following unification
D. forced France to withdraw in 1870
E. difficult to unite because regions quite culturally different
88. The German states and the Austrian Empire
A. were united under the Holy Roman Empire
B. shared Prussia and Poland
C. pushed for Industrial Revolution under Frederick the Great
D. devalued education
E. both ruled through a central authority in the capital
89. William I was able to unify Germany by
A. transferring money spent on the military to improving infrastructure
B. uniting German states against a common enemy
C. fighting the Catholic German states in the Battle of Bismarck
D. declaring the Third Reich
E. asking a short dictatoresque Austrian to take over power
90. Once Germany had unified
A. Europe embraced the new nation
B. Europe was threatened by the industrial potential of the new nation
C. Otto von Bismarck was anointed emperor
D. Germany devalued their navy in favor of a superior standing army
E. they pursued colonial ambitions in Latin America and Eastern Europe
91. Which of the following was not a reason why nations moved toward representative government in the 19th
century?
A. industrialization
B. modernization
C. urbanization
D. population growth
E. religion
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
92. Which of the following was not an issue facing republican governments?
A. British needed to balance needs of aristocracy and growing middle class
B. France under the Fourth Republic became the most democratic nation in Europe
C. Nations such as Italy and Germany still preferred leader who championed nationalistic causes
D. Austria moved closer toward autocracy, dismissing liberal claims
E. In Germany, upper class votes more important than that of the lower classes
93. In Russia, Alexander II
A. was shot after trying to implement reforms
B. increased censorship to maintain power of czar
C. centralized government by taking power from provincial governments
D. emancipated serfs in 1861
E. created Duma to satisfy radicals
94. During the Tokugawa Shogunate
A. power resided with the emperor
B. the samurai fought with the haiyatsu for dominance
C. the Tokugawa clan centralized government
D. social mobility became increasingly possible
E. Japan involved itself with world trade
95. The Meiji Restoration
A. was implemented from above by the government
B. was successful due to the dominance of the merchant class
C. came without Western encouragement
D. abolished payments to samurai
E. created formal law code and elected parliament known as the Diet
96. Japan successfully industrialized for all of the following reasons except
A. sent diplomats and members of the upper class to West to train
B. private banks took a leading role in funding entrepreneurs
C. the increasing dominance of the zaibatsu
D. the encouragement of private enterprise
E. already had access to technology of Industrial Revolution
97. Because of the Meiji Restoration
A. meritocracy became the sole reason for career advancement
B. middle class influence reverts to pre-Tokugawa era
C. the lower class gained access to education and could now serve in military
D. population decreased due to restrictions on birth rates
E. the civil service exam was abolished
98. A woman who subscribed to the "cult of true womanhood" would
A. contradict her husband if she knew the correct course of action
B. utilize her free time to champion reform movements
C. was free to explore her sexuality
D. be able to fight in the military if properly trained
E. be comfortable staying at home to care for her husband
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
99. During the early phases of women's reform movements
A. women were granted the right to vote
B. women struggled to improve divorce laws
C. women discouraged temperance
D. women ignored the slavery issue due to the existence of abolitionists
E. Eastern Europe saw the greatest social advances
100. By 1900, the dominant method of economic organization was
A. laissez faire, free market capitalism
B. mercantilism
C. communism
D. barter
E. Euro-monetaryfundism
101. All of the following are true about the Industrial Revolution except
A. the lower class usually benefits in the early phases, but suffers later on
B. the overall increase in prosperity of peoples across the social scale
C. some nations adopted Western techniques, some chose to ignore Westernization
D. prospered in nations that believed in the "invisible hand" of supply and demand
E. led to pessimistic analytical pieces by Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo
102. A group of reformers who created societies that would create happiness through thoughtful planning and
regulation were
A. utopian socialists
B. Marxists
C. Communists
D. Jacobin Club
E. women suffragettes
103. By 1914
A. 88% of the world was controlled by Europeans
B. Japan had failed to create an industrialized nation that could defeat a Western power
C. alliances had been avoided by all major Western European powers to avoid future conflict
D. the United States of America played a minimal role in Latin American affairs
E. Italy and Germany divided into a series of city-states
104. By 1900
A. governments across Europe dealt with the issue of how to maintain peace while giving power to the
people through an elected body
B. trade unions had yet to successfully motivate employers to listen to workers' demands
C. the upper class was drawn to radical ideas that encouraged a redistribution of wealth
D. Ottoman Empire had been losing control of its provinces for centuries
E. arbitrary rule of dictators begins to outweigh written law
105. Labor unions were
A. initially supported by the government
B. at first illegal and union members risked injury for participation
C. for higher wages, better working conditions and more hours
D. never targeted by communist and socialist organizations for membership
E. prominent in Russia and Japan
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
106. Which of the following was not a Western cultural attitude?
A. increasing nationalist movements
B. pursuing greater access to public education
C. avoidance of secular worldview
D. studying the mind is a science
E. materialism
107. The new artistic trends of the late 19th century did all of the following except
A. refused to deal with the hardships of everyday life
B. began depicting abstract images
C. rejected the emotion and passion of Romanticism
D. defied artistic conventions
E. analyzed the inner behavior and motivations of characters in literature
108. Which of the following relationships was not an example of economic imperialism?
A. dependence of Central America on foreign loans
B. control of Hawaiian sugar and pineapple harvests by the United States
C. European control of the pace of Japanese industrialization
D. Latin America's trade imbalance with Europe
E. the United State's influence on Cuban plantations
109. Which of the following was not a cause of imperialism and colonialism?
A. need to maintain bases and coal stations around the world
B. decreasing populations forced European nations to seek outside labor
C. new weaponry gave Europe a military advantage
D. medical advances allowed Europeans to enter continents without fear of malaria and yellow fever
E. belief in racial superiority of the Europeans
110. Which of the following best represents the European notions of racial superiority?
A. Rudyard Kipling's epic novel "White Man's Burden"
B. Social Darwinists who believed those technologically and culturally advanced should conquer those
less-developed
C. Other cultures were vibrant and their traditions should be kept intact
D. native religions should not be impeded and missionary work should be avoided
E. Cecil Rhodes belief that Europe should colonize and conquer Latin America because Europeans are
the "finest race in the world"
111. Which of the following does not accurately reflect how European nations controlled their colonies?
A. the British and Belgians allowed their holdings to maintain political autonomy
B. the Portuguese were quite harsh in their treatment of natives
C. Italy resorted to poison gas in trying to control Northern Africa
D. the French tried to civilize and convert natives through their "la mission civilisatrice"
E. the British introduced positive social reforms and helped create infrastructure
112. Which of the following was not an Indian product desired by Europeans?
A. porcelain
B. tea
C. sugar
D. salt
E. textiles
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
113. In India, the French were defeated by
A. the Belgian military
B. the Mughal Empire
C. the British East India Company
D. janissaries
E. colonial officers
114. Which best explains the British East India Company's ability to govern India
A. size of corporation
B. ability to work with local rulers and manipulate regional divisions
C. Indian desire to be ruled by outsiders
D. centralized authority ruled from London
E. British hesitancy to put down insurrections that might harm regional power
115. The Sepoy Mutiny
A. started because a rumor spread that British soldiers used pork and beef fat for soap
B. started because the sepoys were not able to fight overseas
C. was initiated in the name of Siddharta Guatama
D. saw unparalleled cooperation between Muslims and Hindus
E. led to 300 million Indian subjects being put under the crown authority of England
116. Which of the following was not a characteristic of British rule of India?
A. all castes exposed to British education
B. spread of Christianity
C. building of roads and canals
D. raw materials flowed out of India and manufactured goods flowed back in
E. rate of urbanization increased
117. India
A. made Britain the preeminent colonial power in the world
B. was forever altered socially and politically
C. saw its profits from raw materials sent back to England
D. saw its local businesses threatened by British products
E. all of the above
118. British rule
A. outlawed sati but allowed the ritual assassination of travelers
B. reduced the level of conflict between Hindus and Muslims
C. discontinued the civil service exam
D. created a system where peasants were given land by local zanzibars
E. all of the above
119. Which of the following does not accurately reflect European influence in Southeast Asia?
A. France created the colonies of Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos
B. Indonesia was controlled by the Dutch East India Company
C. British influenced Malaya and the island Singapore
D. the Philippines was ruled for most of the 19th century by Spain
E. part of Indonesia was controlled by Portugal
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
120. Thailand was one of the few Asian regions to remain free of colonial rule because
A. the King of Siam had an affair with a beautiful teacher from England
B. both England and France essentially agreed to keep the region as a buffer zone between their empires
C. Thailand industrialized making it a formidable military foe
D. natural resources of region not desired by Europe
E. rapid spread of malaria made region inhospitable
121. Which of the following was not a reason the United States annexed the Philippines?
A. fear that the recently liberated island nation would fall into Chinese hands
B. White Man's Burden
C. President McKinley believed it was his religious obligation to bring Christianity to the heathens
D. naval base in Pacific
E. navy already in region due to victory over Spain in Spanish-American War
122. Napoleon referred to China as a "sleeping dragon" because
A. it would be a formidable foe once its resources and population were utilized efficiently
B. its military devastated surrounding regions
C. he was defeated by Chinese soldiers in Egypt in 1797
D. calling it an “awake dragon” would sound kind of awkward
E. the nation had an unfair trade balance with Europe because no European nation wanted Chinese
goods
123. The product that eventually opened China to European trade was
A. opium
B. porcelain
C. tea
D. timber
E. silver
124. Which of the following was not a reason China was unable to push back European influence?
A. expensive cost of securing borders drained treasury
B. population growth was not being matched by food harvests
C. corrupt government officials
D. Europe hadn't traded with China for over three hundred years
E. string of incompetent leaders
125. Which of the following is not a reason the Manchu Emperor of China outlawed the Opium Trade in 1839?
A. decrease in productivity resulting from addiction
B. unfair trade balance
C. decline in Chinese values
D. fear of ever increasing influence of the West
E. workers too effective because opium heightens the senses and makes a human able to work for 27
hours straight without a break
126. When the Christian missionaries returned to China in 1844
A. they forced the nation to adopt Christian doctrine
B. they refused to teach English and Western culture to the Chinese
C. shared technological advances of the West
D. allowed foot-binding if the shoes were red
E. they only negatively affected the region
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
127. China's relationship with Europe can best be described as
A. extraterritorial
B. colonial
C. mercantilistic
D. trading partner
E. alliance
128. The Taiping Rebellion
A. was the second deadliest war in world history
B. resulted from peasants frustrated by taxes and arbitrary rule
C. was a reaction to foreign rule
D. was eventually put down with assistance from the United States
E. all of the above
129. China's Open Door policy
A. opened China to trade with any nation
B. was initiated due to a humiliating military defeat to the Japanese
C. saw foreign nations invest in business, communication and transporation systems
D. started after Commodore Perry proved the US's naval superiority
E. all of the above
130. In China, the guerilla war against expatriates and missionaries is known as the
A. Boxer Rebellion
B. White Lotus Rebellion
C. Taiping Rebelling
D. Manchu Expulsion
E. all of the above
131. The primary European partition of Africa occurred between
A. 1750 and 1780
B. 1780 and 1810
C. 1810 and 1840
D. 1840 and 1880
E. 1880 and 1910
132. Following the Berlin Conference
A. Europe began creating national boundaries in Africa based on regional issues
B. Europe began a mad scramble to divide up the African continent
C. Ethiopia and Liberia fell under control of Italy and Germany respectively
D. European powers realized the notion of White Man's Burden was a bit condescending
E. Arabs and Christians united to push Italy out of Ethiopia
133. Africa was able to be colonized in the 19th century because
A. the region was mapped and transportation innovations allowed for exploration of interior regions
B. Africa asked for assistance in industrializing
C. Europe's vast population overwhelmed Africa
D. Europe had created one grand alliance bent on taking over the world
E. all of the above
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
134. In response to the European advancement into the European continent
A. the Ashanti Kingdom used their purchased weapons to fight the Europeans
B. the Zulu kingdom showed some early success against the British
C. some African leaders work with the Europeans to create a mutually beneficial trading relationship
D. the Ashanti Kingdom increased in power as neighboring regions plunged into war
E. all of the above
135. The Boer War
A. saw the native Boers fight the Dutch and British
B. resulted as the Dutch moved into Zulu controlled land
C. eventually put all of South Africa under control of the Dutch
D. resulted in 47 billion casualties
E. resulted in the creation of Cape Town - a naval base and port city
136. Both colonies in South Africa and India saw
A. Western-educated natives develop strategies for independence
B. a brutal caste system destroy society
C. Muslim rule triumph over Christianity
D. the exploitation of indigenous societies for the mining of diamonds
E. apartheid laws created to separate racial groups
137. Which of the following is not an accurate statement regarding Egypt in the 19th century?
A. Muhammad Ali industrialized Egypt enabling it to gain autonomy from the Ottoman Empire
B. Egypt eventually had to pay debts to Great Britain by allowing them to control the Suez Canal
C. Britain wanted to control the Suez Canal to expedite trade with India
D. Egypt's government essentially became a puppet government having to answer to Egypt
E. though Egypt didn't control the Suez Canal, they were given a share of ownership in the Panama
Canal
138. Which of the following was not a negative effect of African imperialism in Africa
A. arbitrary borders created by European powers would be the cause of many of the 20th century
conflicts in Europe
B. natural resources leave region benefiting Europe
C. slave trade continues on West Coast, but is discontinued on the Swahili Coast
D. fostered pattern of violence to obtain political control
E. impeded the development of diverse economies
139. Which of the following does not accurately depict European relations with Africa?
A. upon initial contact, Europeans made consistent effort to colonize the interior regions
B. Africa became the center of the slave trade
C. resources such as gold, ivory and timber were plundered
D. naval bases and outposts were established
E. coastal ports used as stopping points for merchants on way to India and China
140. Which of the following does not accurately describe South Africa?
A. British arrived first and set up trading post
B. Dutch Afrikaners/Boers eventually moved inland which created conflict with Zulus
C. African National Congress made up of Enlightened thinkers who wanted independence
D. Shaka Zulu was nicknamed the "Black Napoleon"
E. discovery of diamonds and gold encouraged mass immigration
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
141. What was the term given to the downfall of the Ottoman Empire?
A. the Eastern Debacle
B. the Eastern Question
C. the Middle Eastern Quandary
D. the Return of the Jedi
E. the Emancipation of Mimi
142. Why wasn't the Ottoman Empire overthrown?
A. Europe wanted to keep it held together because it was predictable and relatively stable
B. European military inferior to that of Ottomans
C. Geographical boundaries prevented invasion
D. Balkan states unite to create formidable foe
E. region had already implemented radical reforms
143. In what ways were the African colonies different from the Indian colonies?
A. both colonies solely controlled by British
B. boundary lines determined without concern for local population
C. infrastructure not brought to major cities
D. both colonies saw violence between indigenous groups
E. by 1900 India controlled by one nation whereas Africa controlled by many
144. Which of the following was not a reflection of Japan's rapid industrialization?
A. ability to beat Russia in Russo-Japanese War
B. ability to fend off economic threat of Europe
C. ability to beat China in Sino-Japanese War
D. ability to beat Vietnam in Indochina-Japanese War
E. Japan becomes first non-Western nation in centuries to create new empire
145. Which of the following was not a reason for the decline of the Ottoman Empire?
A. mediocre rulers
B. janissary support for reform
C. conservative religious leaders concerned about change
D. Ottoman Empire too large to control border regions
E. growing threat of European imperialism
146. Which of the following occurred due to US imperialism?
A. America develops a sphere of influence around South America with Eisenhower Doctrine
B. America encouraged Panamanian revolt to gain control of Suez Canal
C. US becomes world power with annexation of Guam, Puerto Rico and Cuba
D. America used British navy to support
E. America becomes isolated and refuses to ever send troops to foreign countries
147. The Congress of Vienna
A. kept relative peace in Europe for a century
B. created radical changes in the governmental structure of Europe
C. was led by Frenchmen Rousseau
D. created France and British as dominant nations
E. occurred in Germany
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
148. Which of the following is not a characteristic of nationalism?
A. drove the Japanese to industrialize quickly
B. drove Europeans to compete with each other for imperial holdings
C. drove Chinese peasants to attempt to preserve Manchu dynasty
D. drove Egyptians to revolt against control of Ottoman Empire
E. drove colonial resistance by Indians, Chinese and Africans
149. Which of the following best explains modernization theory?
A. desire for democracy will evolve after nations become economically prosperous
B. nations become economically prosperous only after establishing democracy
C. Western Europe is an anomaly for modernization theory
D. impedes social change
E. women have no opportunity to gain opportunities
150. Which of the following does not accurately describe dependency theory?
A. nations will eventually become economically prosperous
B. nations that have been dependent will remain dependent
C. developed nations have access to industries to process natural resources
D. dependent nations export natural resources and agricultural products
E. dependent nations provide cheap labor
151. Which of the following was not a characteristic of Western modernization in the 20th century?
A. postindustrial economies that emphasize services, consumerism and cutting-edge technology
B. hesitance to support social welfare programs
C. stable democratization
D. thorough urbanization
E. tremendous scientific/technological achievements
152. Which of the following was not a cause of World War I?
A. conflict in the Balkans supported by “big brother” Russia
B. alliance system pits Russia and Britain against Germany and Japan
C. Britain’s dominance in naval superiority in jeopardy
D. competition over empires in Africa
E. desire for Pan-Slavic Movement
153. Which of the following accurately depicts why World War I was considered a global conflict?
A. former British colonies declare war on South Africa
B. Lawrence of Arabia leads Ottoman Empire against Arabs
C. Africans involved in fighting Germans on Western Front
D. Australia and New Zealand attack Turks at Gallipoli
E. Latin America sends millions of troops to Eastern Front
154. During wartime
A. governments impose censorship on press
B. if you’re pessimistic, considered a traitor
C. government takes over industry to gear towards war
D. women needed to take over male roles
E. all of the above
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
155. Which of the following was not a long term effect of World War I
A. Ensuing Spanish flu kills less people than World War I
B. Russia has a revolution, communism takes over
C. women’s suffrage movement succeeds
D. General decline of European global power
E. Social transformation where aristocracy loses power
156. How did World War II differ from World War I?
A. war confined to European continent
B. technology allowed war to become more global
C. involvement of Asia in conflict
D. utilized resources from Australia
E. United States entered late in conflict
157. Which of the following was not a war crime of WWII?
A. Japanese Rape of Nanking
B. Japanese firebombing of American cities
C. “comfort women” in Southeast Asia
D. German murder of Gypsies and Christians
E. Usage of POWs as subjects in medical experiments
158. What was the US’s initial policy toward Russian expansion?
A. containment
B. detainment
C. domino theory
D. nuclear proliferation
E. perestroika
159. Which of the following was not an organization that followed World War II?
A. COMECOM – Soviets economic assistance
B. Warsaw Pact – organization that governs Poland
C. NATO – military alliance protecting Western Europe
D. OPEC – cartel of oil producing nations
E. United Nations – attempted to ensure human rights
160. Which of the following led to the economic crisis of the 1970s?
A. OPEC’s decision to reduce the supply of oil
B. Eastern Block increase in agricultural production
C. End of the Soviet Union
D. Increased productivity of the West
E. US reattaches currency to the gold standard
161. Which of the following term describes the situation during WWI where Latin America was forced to make
up for the lack of European imports
A. monocultural reduction management
B. import substitution industrialization
C. economic diversification outlet
D. mercantilistic regressive policy
E. NAFTA
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
162. Which of the following was not a choice made by Mao?
A. Killing political enemies within Communist Party
B. Forcing peasants to carry Little Red Book of his famous sayings
C. Making peasants create steel in their backyard
D. Allows Inner Mongolia to secede, but not Tibet
E. Aligned briefly with Nationalist Party to defeat Japanese
163. Which of the following did not lead to the rise of Hitler?
A. massive deflation due to the Versailles Treaty
B. burden of war payments
C. illegitimacy of Weimar Republic
D. crushed national pride
E. rise of the Communist Party
164. Which of the following most accurately reflects Stalin’s Five Year Plans
A. an attempt to radically alter agricultural production to return the nation to the peasants
B. money from collectivization financed industrialization
C. led to minimal deaths
D. replaced by Lenin’s New Economic Policy
E. focused on high demand consumer goods
165. Which of the following did not occur in Latin America during the 20th century?
A. GetulioVargas took control of Brazil in 1930 and attempted to return to export-based economy
B. Evan and Juan Peron control the press and deny civil liberties
C. the Institutional Revolutionary Party rules Mexico for decades
D. America influenced foreign policy based on the desire to combat communism
E. foreigners were allowed to influence politics
166. General Suharto
A. ruled Indonesia without having to violate human rights
B. was supported by the United States due to his anti-communist stance
C. ruled the seventh largest populated nation on the planet
D. gained rule after the election of 1956
E. dissolved Constitution in favor of “Guided Democracy”
167. Which of the following does not accurately reflect the feminist movement in the 20th century?
A. suffrage for the first time for women living in the United States
B. birth control gives women more professional options
C. large number of middle class women began working
D. gained power after women proved themselves during World War II
E. flappers tested cultural boundaries in the 1920s
168. Which of the following is not a feature of Western Societies in the twentieth century?
A. equal political rights for all adults
B. aristocratic class replaced by white collar class
C. urbanization leads to suburbanization
D. universal public education
E. social welfare system that denies pension to those working in civil sector
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
169. Which of the following was not an aspect of 20th century art?
A. socially conscious murals in Mexico
B. total abandonment of traditional norms
C. able to be mass produced due to technological innovations
D. common themes resulted around problems in decolonization
E. abstract painters distorted reality
170. Which of the following was a demographic effect of World War II?
A. refugees refuse to seek a new home after boundary changes
B. birth rate rose during the war
C. bombings left urban areas unlivable
D. failure to advance medical discoveries
E. Muslim population in USSR outnumbers Christian population
171. Which is a primary argument of diversity theory to explain intercultural contact?
A. speed of globalization has made nations adopt culture of other nations
B. similar governmental structure based on democracy
C. economic structures based on high tariffs
D. merely because culture and ideas are spread does not mean everyone accepts them
E. economic downturn affects the economies everywhere
172. Which of the following is a problem facing African nations today?
A. HIV/AIDS treatments too affordable
B. tribes live in peace and harmony and are pleased at the border choices made by Europeans
C. corruption based on nepotism and graft
D. polygamy outlawed leading to decreasing population
E. Western nations refuse to repay debts to Africa
173. Prior to the Iranian Revolution of 1979
A. women had fewer rights than they do today
B. women had more rights than they do today
C. women had the equal amount of rights as they do today
D. women had no rights whatsoever
E. all of the above
174. Industrial nations that evolve into postindustrial modes
A. rely on heavy industry
B. use monoculture to finance their factories
C. become service oriented economies
D. are solely Western nations
E. arise primarily in authoritarian regimes
175. In the Postmodern Era
A. nationalism will be more important than ethnic identity
B. identity is becoming more important than nationalism
C. developing nations will turn Industrialized Nations into dependent colonies
D. representative government will spread across the globe
E. technological and scientific achievement will stagnate
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
176. Which of the following is not an accurate statement about World War I?
A. Australians fought at Gallipoli
B. Africans fought Germans in Africa
C. The Ottoman Empire fell apart and Turkey was created
D. Allies pushed back final German offensive
E. Conscription was not utilized due to fear of protests
177. Which of the following was not true about Wilson’s Fourteen Points
A. proposed the League of Nations which was not ratified by the United States
B. pushed for the end of secret treaties
C. stemmed from Roosevelt’s desire for making the world “safe for democracy”
D. discussed the right of “self determination”
E. encouraged a reduction in arms
178. Which of the following was not a change that resulted from World War I?
A. rise of the middle and lower class
B. women’s equality
C. democratization of European politics
D. decline of the aristocracy
E. industrialization and modernization of Europe
179. Which of the following was an action taken by Japan that led to the start of World War II?
A. takes Manchuria and renames Manchuko installing former emperor Pu Yi as emperor
B. Japan attacked Californian coast
C. Japan defeated USSR in Siberia
D. Japan invades mainland China and defeats communist/Nationalist alliance
E. refusal to kick out Europeans from Asia
180. Which of the following was a short-term effect of World War II?
A. huge displaced persons – refugees – due solely to creation of new boundaries
B. poverty horrendous
C. surplus of clothing due to Marshall Plan
D. nations decide to wait a few years before pushing for independence
E. US and USSR agree to cease fire in Greece
181. Which of the following was not a feature of the Cold War?
A. nations had to choose between capitalism and communism
B. a technological arms race ensued
C. nations divided
D. a bipolar equilibrium was created between USA and USSR
E. newly freed nations not forced to choose sides until economies stabilized
182. US almost went to war with the USSR over
A. the downing of a Soviet plane in the United States
B. the discovery of nuclear weapons in Cuba
C. the placement of a wall around West Germany
D. Kennedy’s statement that “I am a Berliner”
E. Yuri Gagarin’s trek into space
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
183. The Cold War
A. created a situation in Latin America where military dictatorships were heavily in debt to the US
B. saw the US supporting the Somoza dictatorship
C. prevented technological innovations
D. ended in 1979 with the fall of the Berlin Wall
E. created an “iron curtain” that ran parallel to the Maginot Line
184. Which of the following is a challenge facing the world in 2006?
A. India and Pakistan fighting over Kashmir region
B. North Korea developing nuclear weapons
C. religious fundamentalism
D. Africa lacks resources t develop industry
E. all of the above
185. Which of the following was not a response to the problems of African decolonization?
A. imposition of socialism
B. adoption of one party political system
C. allowing for a huge debt
D. massive restructuring of borders
E. government corruption
186. What is the specific name given to India’s brand of protest during the Independence Movement?
A. satyagraha
B. civil disobedience
C. Bagghavita
D. Siddhartha Guattamatation of equality
E. Armitsar
187. Which of the following accurately describes the establishment of Israel?
A. immigration to Israel at times discouraged by Britain
B. terrorist attacks by Jews on British targets
C. international sympathy for Armenian genocide
D. Israel’s rapid defeat in Six-Day War
E. millions of Palestinian Arabs move from Lebanon and Jordan to Israel
188. Which of the following was not a difficulty facing Postwar Middle East?
A. competition between US and USSR in cold War
B. authoritarian rule that led to human rights abuses
C. lack of resources to bring income to region
D. conflict between religious tradition and Western influences
E. intensifying Arab-Israeli conflict
189. What was the name of the agreement that the Zionist movement used to justify the creation of Israel?
A. the Balfour Declaration
B. Treaty 731
C. the Tehran Conference
D. the Peace of Paris
E. the Silk Letter
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
190. Which of the following was not a reason for the Marshall Plan?
A. desire to combat Soviet influence in Western Europe
B. reaction to British funding of mainland
C. need to recreate market for US goods
D. genuine sympathy for European situation
E. protect struggling governments from Soviet influence
191. Multinational corporations
A. are favored by those who like homegrown industries
B. employ foreign workers
C. exploded once communication and transportation technology improved
D. distribute goods around the world
E. all answers but a which is a stupid option
192. Which of the following was not a major theme of 20th century economics?
A. regional trade associations such as NAFTA created after the Cold War
B. mass consumerism created global marketplace
C. after communism, nations resist implementing free- market economies
D. Great Depression proved how decline in one region can impact other regions
E. oil producing nations can affect worldwide economy
193. Which of the following was not a reason Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was overthrown?
A. relation with the United States
B. encouragement of Western dress and education
C. reliance on repression to maintain order
D. eradication of sharia
E. used oil wealth to industrialize
194. Which of the following best describes politics in the Interwar years?
A. Left Wing Communist and Right Wing Fascist dictatorships proved capable of reversing effects of
Great Depression
B. democracy proved effective and efficient
C. communists and Fascists united to combat democracy
D. America actively engaged in regime change
E. ethnic groups not blamed for conditions
195. Which of the following is not a condition of totalitarian regimes?
A. single party in charge of all of government
B. creation of police state to terrorize and control citizens
C. elimination of opposition groups
D. state control of industry
E. selective purchasing of Tickle Me Elmo dolls
196 In the 1920s, government in Japan
A. turned heavily militaristic
B. encouraged industrialization and modernization
C. forfeited bill of rights
D. became a one party political system
E. decreased as Diet became insignificant
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World History – 18th -20h Centuries
197. The Soviet system
A. maintained a welfare system that provided education, medical care and pensions
B. maintained power through political repression
C. focused on heavy industry
D. encouraged each nation to focus on a few areas where they could be successful known as the
“socialist division of labor”
E. all of the above
198. In Asia,
A. the Khmer Rouge attempted to reduced industrialization
B. Ferdinand Marcos was overthrown by a US sponsored coup
C. Singapore minister Lee Kuan Yew united the People’s Action Party with the Communist League
D. South Korea disarmed after the Korean War
E. all of the above
199. Which of the following does not describe conditions in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe
A. technological advancement
B. moved toward a postindustrial economy
C. political systems remained dictatorial and repressive
D. difficult transitions to democracy after fall of communism
E. advanced computer technology sector
200. Which of the following is not a concern facing women today?
A. “glass ceiling” that prevents hiring
B. sexual harassment
C. developing nations encouraging return to traditional roles of women
D. balance between professional and domestic life
E. hesitance by some nations to encourage birth control
29