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Table 2-1．Radioimmunoassay
1. Pituitary gland/hypothalamus
TRH, LH-RH, somatostatin, GH, ACTH, prolactin, TSH,
LH, FSH, vasopression, melanocyte-stimulating
hormone, oxytocin, encepharin, endorphin
2. Thyroid gland
T3, free T3, T4, free T4, TBG, T3 uptake, thyroglobulin,
anti-TSH receptor antibody, anti-thyroglobulin antibody,
anti-peroxidase antibody
3. Parathyroid/bone metabolism
PTH, calcitonin, osteocalcin, PTHrP, 25-OH-D3, 1-25
(OH2)D
4. Pancreas/digestive system
Insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, gastrin, secretin, glycolic
acid, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), motilin,
cholecystokinin/pancreaozymin (CCK/PZ), gastric
inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)
5. gonad/placenta/adrenal gland
Testosterone, free testosterone, 5-dihydro-testosterone,
estradiol (E2), estron (E1), estriol (E3), progesterone,
17-hydroxy progesterone, HCG, b-HCG, a-HCG, HPL,
estrogen receptor, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG),
androsterone, aldosterone, cortisol, dihydroxy-epialdosterone, corticosterone, 11-dioxy cortisol,
metanephrine, androgen receptor, progesterone receptor
6. Renal and Renin-angiotensin Rennin,
system
human
atrial
natriuretic
peptide,
1-microglobulin, 2-microglobulin, angiotensin II and
II, bradykinin, albumin
7. Blood, hemopoiesis
-thromboglobulin, ferritin, erythropoietin, Vitamin B12 ,
folic acid, unsaturated iron-binding capacity, (UIBC),
total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)
8. Tumor marker
AFP, CEA, TPA, SCC, CA125, CA130, PA, SP1,
CA19-9, CA72-4, CA15-3, SPAN-1, SLX, STN, PAP,
NSE, CA50, POA, BFP, DuPAN2
9. enzyme
Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI), pancreatic
phospholipase
A2
(PLA2),
deoxythymidine
kinase,
elastase, trypsin, pepsinogenI-II
10. pharmaceuticals
digoxin, digitoxin, cyclosporin
11. viral antigen, antibody
HBs antigen antibody, HBe antigen antibody, HBc
antigen, antibody, IgM-HBc antibody, HA antigen,
IgM-HA antibody, HBV-DNA, HCV antibody,
HDV antibody, HPV-DNA
12. signal transduction
Cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, prostaglandin, thromboxane,
leukotoruen, leukotriene, histamine
13. Immunoglobulin, allergen
Non-specific IgE (RIST), specific IgE (RAST), IgG
14. cytokine
Interferon-,-,-, Interleukin-1,-2,-3, G-CSF
Table 2-2 Radiopharmaceuticals for Brain SPECT and PET
Type of study
Aim of study
SPECT/PET
tracer
Principle of
administration
accumulation
perfusion
CBF
SPECT
distribution
123
I-IMP
(MBq)
Diffusion
i.v.
167~222
Tc-HMPAO
Chemical trapping
i.v.
740
Tc-ECD
Chemical trapping
i.v.
740
Xe
Diffusion
Inhalation, i.v.
1850
99m
99m
133
Radioactivity
(inhalation)
Cisternography
111
Cerebrospinal
In-DTPA
lumbar
37~74
i.v.
74-111
Receptor bindng
i.v.
167^222
C15O2
Diffusion
Inhalation
1665~5550
H215O
Diffusion
i.v.
1110~1850
15
Diffusion
inhalation
555~1110
fluid
Tumor
malignancy
201
TlCl
Receptor
Epileptic foci
123
I-iomazenil
Blood flow
Ischemia
PET
Oxygen
Energy
O2
metabolism
failure
Blood volume
vasodilatation
C15O
Hb-CO
inhalation
3700~5550
Glucose
Neural
18
Metabolic trapping
i.v.
185~222
metabolism
activity
F-FDG