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Chapter 8
Framing Systems
I.
Purpose of framing systems – Loads imposed
on a structure are transferred to the
foundation
A) Basic Systems
(1)
Cast in place reinforced concrete Economical, fire resistant, durable,
flexible from a design standpoint –
Problem tensile strength – Cured by
reinforcing steel – Cast in place is
economical
I.A)
(2) Cast in place post tensioned concrete –
Easy, versatile, cost effective
(3) Pre-cast, pre-stressed concrete
Best for use in sensitive environments where
cast in place is difficult – However more
limited from a design
I. A) (4)
Structural steel
Limitless applications – Problems –
Corrosion/intense heat – Constructs quickly Isotropic
(5)
Reinforced masonry
Brick and concrete masonry units combined
with reinforcing steel and grout – Economical
– Much like pre-cast rapidly constructed –
Varies in product type, size, color
I. A)
(6)
Heavy timber
Used in smaller buildings – Churches, schools, small
stadiums, some residences – High strength to weight,
rapid installation – Resistant to fire, susceptible to
water and pests connections mechanical not
integrated
(7)
Wood (light framing)
Predominant for residential, apartments, condos and
small commercial projects – Least expensive, offers
variations in design, rapidly assembled – Can be
chemically treated for use in basements, outside use.
Due to natural product – quality control required
weakness – fire, water, pests, mechanical connections
B)
Drawings
(1)
Material – Choice of architect/engineer
based on cost-benefit analysis during
design phase
(2)
Floor plans – Shows locations,
proportions of walls
(3)
Elevations/Sections – Shows height
(4)
Most architectural plans show
schematics. Details in engineering
details
B)
(5)
Most plans show – Plan views, elevations,
sections and pictorial drawings
(6)
Line/Symbols – Vary greatly
(7)
Scale – 1/16”, 1/8”, 1/4” = 1’
C)
Framing System Drawings
(1)
General to specific
(2)
Framing systems generally designed by
structural engineers for buildings ,civil
engineers for bridges and highways
(3)
Typically follow same arrangements as
architectural drawings
(4)
General plans of whole project followed by
individual floors, roof and details – It is in the
details where the devil resides!
D)
Drawings Into Work
(1)
Graphic and text – Review, review, review
(2)
Job costing – Work breakdown, estimating,
managers, chasing information, quality of
drawings and specifications
(3)
Sequence of work to be determined to
determine project cost. (See Pg. 153)
E)
Take-off
(1)
Analysis of drawings/specifications –
Determine quantity of materials, operations –
(Typical table on Pg. 165)
(2)
Crews, costs, production rates, equipment, task
duration – Converted to time and money