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Biological Evidence of Evolution The degree to which species are ________________depends on how closely in time they ________________, or split, from their common ________________. Evidence for Evolution comes from 6 areas 1. Fossils a. Although the fossil record is incomplete, it contains many examples of fossil sequences showing close ________________ ________________. b. The fossil record indicates that different ________________ of similar organisms often ________________ with each other. Comparative anatomy is the study of ________________ and ________________ among ________________ of living species. By comparing ________________of different species, scientists are able to find ________________ as to how organisms are________________. 2. Homologous Structures a. Homologous structures are body parts of organisms that are similar in ________________ and ________________ but different in ________________. b. The ________________ of these species are different sizes, but their ________________ and ________________ suggest common ancestry. 3. Analogous Structures a. Body parts that perform a similar ________________ but differ in ________________ are analogous structures. b. These structures developed ________________ of one another. They are made of different ________________ and have different ________________, however, both ________________. c. These organisms did not have a common ________________with wings, but both developed wings over time. d. It illustrates that organisms can ________________ over time. 4. Vestigial Structures a. Vestigial structures are body parts that have ________________ their original ________________ through evolution. b. The presence of these structures suggest that they once ________________ them, but have changed so they no longer need them. If they did not need these structures at one point in their evolutionary ________________, then why have them? 5. Embryology a. The science of the development of ________________ from fertilization to birth is called embryology. b. The remarkable ________________ among with similar ________________ that not all exhibit as adults suggests they once had a common ________________. 6. DNA a. Molecular biology is the study of ________________ structure and function. b. Discoveries in ________________ ________________have confirmed and extended much of the data already collected about the theory of evolution. c. Scientists can study relatedness of organisms by comparing ________________ and proteins among living species. d. Scientists have found that some ________________ of shared DNA ________________ at regular, predictable rates. e. Scientists use this “molecular clock” to ________________ at what time in the past living species ________________ from common ancestors. f. Molecular data indicate that whales and porpoises are more closely related to ________________ than they are to any other living species. New evidence supporting the theory of evolution by natural selection is discovered nearly _______ ___________, but scientists debate some of the ________________. New ________________that have features of species that lived both before them and after them help scientists study more details about the origin of new species. Many scientists think that natural selection produces new species ________________ and ________________. Other scientists think species exist stably for long periods, and change occurs in short ________________.