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PowerPoint® Lecture Presentation for
Concepts of Genetics
Ninth Edition
Klug, Cummings, Spencer, Palladino
Chapter 1
Introduction to Genetics
Lectures by David Kass with contributions from
John C. Osterman.
Copyright
© 2009©Pearson
Education,
Inc.
Copyright
2009 Pearson
Education,
Inc.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.1
Section 1.1
• Mitosis
• Chromosomes are
copied and distributed
so that the two
resulting daughter
cells are diploid
• Meiosis
• Gametes produced are
haploid
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Section 1.1
• Chromosome
Theory of
Inheritance
• Inherited traits are
controlled by genes
residing on
chromosomes
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Figure 1.5
Section 1.1
• Mutations
• produce alleles of a
gene
Figure 1.6
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Section 1.1
• DNA, not protein, is the carrier of genetic
information.
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Figure 1.7
Early DNA Studies
•
•
Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins studied DNA
structure using X-ray scattering
From X-ray diffraction patterns they deduced that DNA
– Is long and thin
– Has a uniform diameter of 2 nanometers
– Is helical, and is twisted like a corkscrew
– Consists of repeating subunits
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DNA Is a Double Helix
•
James Watson and
Francis Crick :
•
DNA is made of two
strands of nucleotides
•
Deoxyribose and
phosphate portions
make up the sugarphosphate backbone
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Section 1.2
• DNA
• Double-stranded helix made up of the
nucleotides A, C, G, and T
• Sugar in its nucleotides is deoxyribose
• Nucleotides form A–T and G–C base pairs
across the helix
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Figure 1.8
Section 1.2
• RNA is similar to DNA, except that:
• it is usually single-stranded
• it has U in place of T
• the sugar in RNA nucleotides is ribose instead
of deoxyribose
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Section 1.2
• The Central
Dogma of
Genetics
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Figure 1.9
3D Image of Protein
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Figure 1.10
Linking Genotype to Phenotype
• Sickle-cell Anemia
Hemoglobin Molecule
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Red Blood Cells. (Note –
irregular-shaped cell)
Section 1.3
• Restriction enzymes have allowed the
advent of recombinant DNA and cloning.
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1.4 The Impact of Biotechnology Is
Continually Expanding
Corn. 2010. http://www.soilmatters.com/images/farm-photo-gallery/2008fall/tsm_compare-corn_treated_x5.jpg
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Soybeans.
2010.
http://www.edmunds.com/media/advice/specialreports/bio
based.materials/soybeans.500.jpg
Biotechnology – Cloning and
Transgenic Organisms
Cloned sheep Dolly
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Transgenic mice
Biotechnology in Genetics and
Medicine
Retinal Gene Therapy.
2010.
http://www.eye.ox.ac.uk/Subretinalinjection.jpg/image_
preview
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DNA microarray - used to detect
mutant copies of genes.
Genomics, Proteomics, &
Bioinformatics
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Section 1.6
• Model organisms for genetic study meet
what kind of criteria?
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Section 1.6
• Recombinant DNA technology and the
ability to transfer genes across species
has made it possible to develop models of
human diseases (Table 1.2).
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The End
Genetics.
2010.
http://fergusonbiology.homestead.com/genetics.jpg
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