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Notes: Climate Name ______________ Block: _____ A. Climate is an area’s ______________________________________ It includes the 2 main characteristics: ______________________ & _______________________ B. Climate Controls: Climates depend on a set of conditions called Climate controls. These include: 1. _____________________ how much solar radiation a location receives 2. _________________________________ (Proximity= how close it is) 3. ____________________________ 4. Proximity to __________________________ 5. ________________________________ (help circulate heat around our globe) 6. _______________________________ (our prevailing westerly winds come from the west) 1. Latitude • • • • A location’s position relative to the ___________________ determines how much solar radiation it receives, and therefore affects its temperature. Remember as Earth revolves around the Sun, the tilt influences how much solar radiation a location receives & seasons change. Also, the latitude relative to ____________________________ in our troposphere affects precipitation. Dry at 30 N & S, Moist at equator (more heat=more evaporation) 2. Proximity to Water A. Because water heats and cools __________________, it has a low temperature range. Therefore land masses beside large bodies of water usually have _______________________. B. Large bodies of water also add water vapor to the air, so _________________________ is more likely downwind of water. (Ever heard of “lake effect” snow?) 3. Altitude/Elevation A. As you go up in the ____________________ (bottom layer of the atmosphere) temperature ___________. B. Therefore, the higher the elevation the land is, the ____________________ it is, generally. 4. Proximity to Mountains A. Mountains can affect precipitation by making a ______________________________. On the windward side of the mountain, air is forced to ________________. As it rises, it cools. As it cools, it loses its ability to hold ____________________, and ________________________ occurs on the windward side. As the air travels to the leeward side, it no longer contains _________________, the air is arid, or _______. This is why deserts are on the east side of our Rocky Mountains. 5. Ocean Currents A. The global circulation of _____________ in the oceans moves heat energy around the world. Where do warm currents originate (start)? Near the ___________________ Where do cold ocean currents originate? Near the _________________ What direction do ocean currents flow in the Northern hemisphere? _____________________ What direction do ocean currents flow in the Southern hemisphere? _____________________ Why? ___________________________________ caused by Earth’s _________________________ 6. Prevailing Winds A. Global Wind Patterns cause there to be a predominant _______________________ in some areas. This influences the type of weather that approaches you. B. _______________________ cause weather patterns to move west to east across United States. Review: Low Pressure= _________________weather Close isobars= ________________ winds When a cold front catches up to a warm front it forms an ___________________ front Front symbols point in the direction it is ___________________________ A cyclone is a rotating __________________ Lesson Comprehension Questions • Which factors affect our climate in Harrisonburg? List all that apply. • England has the same latitude as Canada. However, the climate of England is similar to our climate here. Why isn’t it cold and snowy like Canada, which climate controls are factors? • Which 2 climate controls help make Nevada a desert? • Why does Buffalo, NY get so much snow? (Buffalo is to the east of the Great lakes)