Download Pioneer Tunnel Worksheet[1]

Pioneer Tunnel
Natural Resources
 Natural Resources are anything that _____________ can use that
comes from _____________.
 They are also known as “____________________________.”
o Examples: ______________________________________________________.
Renewable Resources
 Renewable Resources come back after we use them.
 They are used ____________________ so they don’t ________________
completely.
Nonrenewable Resources
 Nonrenewable Resources do not come back or takes a long time to
come back after we use them.
 We need to _____________ nonrenewable resources because once
they are gone; there will not be any of them left!
o Examples: _______________________________________________________.
Coal
 A black or dark-brown ____________ that can be burned, is made
from ___________, and can be used as a ________.
 Types of Coal:
12345Anthracite Coal
 A hard, shiny coal that has a high _________ content. It is valued as a
fuel because it burns with a clean ________ and without _______ or
________, but it is much less abundant than bituminous coal.
 Primarily used for _____________________________ in houses and
businesses
 Deposited in ____________________.
 This is what the Pioneer Tunnel and all other mines in
Pennsylvania are ____________ for.
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The Industrial Revolution
Started in England, in 1760, and spread internationally over the
next fifty years.
The transition from hand tools to automated machines in the
workplace and farming to mass production.
New inventions consisted of the power loom and the steam
engine.
Many people moved to cities.
Coal Veins
 Coal veins are a huge deposit of _______ that can run for miles and
be many feet thick
 ___________ build their room and pillar mines into these to harvest
the coal
 The most famous one in Pennsylvania is the ______________ coal vein,
which was accidentally set on fire in 1961 and still burns to this
day.
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Technologies
Before __________________, all mining had to be done by hand.
Miners would have to ________________ cut out the chunks of coal
themselves, with things such as pickaxes and dynamite
To haul the coal out of the mine, they would load it into ____________
drawn by horses or mules, and a miner would have to lead them
out
Many miners would either get stuck in collapsed mines or even
______________ from the noxious fumes and dusts.
After __________________, and mostly used today, there are
mechanized cutting machines for the coal, instead of the
dangerous tools used before
Instead of horse and carriage, they now use _____________ belts,
which safely carries out the coal
Fans and _________________ are now present, which tremendously
cuts the amount of toxic dusts in the air and constantly
replenishes the miners with clean oxygen
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Mining in Pennsylvania
Mining in Pennsylvania has been active since around the late
__________
The last half of the 1800’s brought a ton of ________ for mining, due
to the need for coal to power railroads bringing steel across
Pennsylvania
Why was mining important?
The bringing of the ______________________ increased the demand for
fuel to power machines. Most of this fuel was coal
Mines
_________ and ________ mines are the most common type in
Pennsylvania
They’ve been around since the late ___________
Basically, they’re just how they sound: holes in the ground where
coal is thought to be, held up by wooden pillars so it doesn’t
collapse
Despite this, they were very ______________ and many collapses
occurred
Drift mines
o Drift mines don’t necessarily have to go ______________. This
type of mining is used when the coal can be cut out, usually
on the side of a hill
Longwall mines
o Longwall mines are where instead of small pieces and
____________ of coal, the wall is one big slice of coal.
o These _____ can be hundreds of miles wide and several miles
long
Pioneer Tunnel: A History
o The Pioneer Tunnel resides in Ashland, PA. It was named for
the Pioneer ___________.
o A colliery is a coal-processing plant built near the _______ of the
mine.
o Here the coal is ___________, ___________, and ___________ to make
usable for households
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o In 1925, the _______________________________ and mining company
opened an new surface mine along the Mammoth coal vein:
where most of the coal was extracted
o Two years after this, another mine opened on the opposite side
of where digging was being done.
o Miners realized they needed this area to ___________ waste, or
‘spoils’, so they extended from the Mammoth Vein to this new
area.
Around this time, tracks were laid down around the outside of the
hill, on which train could take the coal to where it needed to go.
These trains were called “___________________”
The mine remained active until 1931, and after it’s closing it
remained sealed and untouched for ______ years
By the end of the 1950’s, it was apparent the mine and engine
used to haul the coal was falling into ____________. The residents of
Ashland scrambled to find a use for the hole.
Soon, the Borough Manager ____________________________ suggested
that the Tunnel be used as a tourist attraction.
________________ began soon after that. After digging through the
collapsed entrance, the mine was found to be in stable condition,
excluding two cave ins.
In May of _________, the mine was reopened as a tourist attraction
where people could experience a real anthracite coal mine
Two old steam loakies were rescued from a _________________
junkyard and restored. These engines are still used.
In 1992, the Pioneer Tunnel greeted its ____________ visitor.
In It’s Day
o The Pioneer Tunnel isn’t just a great ______________ attraction. It
actually was very important to the residents around it.
o The Tunnel was active in the early 1900’s. It runs 1800 feet into
the side of the _______________________________. From it tons and tons
of coal was collected.
o The coal used from the mine supported many of the households
and businesses in ______________. Coal was the main source of heat
in this time, and without it Ashland and surrounding towns may
not have existed.
Why is the Pioneer Tunnel Important?
o The Pioneer Tunnel tour holds many important historical
___________
o The attraction features a tour in an actual mine, where the guides
(usually a miner himself, or a retired one) show how ______________
was done, and elaborates on technologies such as gangways,
manways, and chutes.
o The Henry Clay _________ represents the transport of coal from one
mine to another.
o The tour even includes __________ mines, where people would dig
their own mines to catch a quick buck
o The Pioneer Tunnel keeps _______ alive through mine tours and
Loakie rides.
o The most important aspect of why the Pioneer Tunnel is
important is because it educates the future _____________ about the
importance of anthracite coal mining in our county.