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Odyssey Test I Review for Retakes { exile Period of forced absence from one’s country Steal or take by trickery or force plunder Misfortune; hardship; suffering adversity Enemy; opponent adversary Formal order; command Mandate Able to perform a variety of functions versatile valor Personal bravery Sage Wise Heavy; bulky; massive ponderous Friendly cordial one who tells stories to make a living minstrel helps explain characters’ motivations Greek Values treat all guests with respect Hospitality blind minstrel Homer mutual exchange between two people reciprocity myth A story that uses fantasy to explain ideas about life extreme arrogance; self-pride hubris epic A long poem about the adventures of gods and goddesses actions should please the gods; Fate; gods honored through sacrifice religion “…in one stride he clutched at my companions and caught them in his hands like squirming puppies to beat their brains out.” Homeric simile “Athena – she had the face that launched a thousand ships” Classical allusion A brief descriptive phrase epithet poem Long, narrative ____________. Reflects the _______ of a nation or race values Addresses ________ concerns. universal hero Focuses on the adventures of a historical or legendary ______. ______ plays an important role. supernatural Story set in many _______. locations odds Hero against the ______. Story is simple and written in ______ language. formal Who kept Odysseus captive for seven years? Calypso At the beginning of the Odyssey, what is happening? Odysseus is trying to sail home to Troy Poseidon’s main purpose in the story is to Make Odysseus suffer Who is Poseidon? father of Polyphemus god of earthquakes god of the sea What is significant about the following description that Odysseus gives us about the Cyclopes? “. . .giants, louts without a law to bless them. In ignorance leaving the fruitage of the earth in mystery To the immortal gods, . . .” Readers understand that this race of creatures is uncivilized. When Polyphemus eats some of Odysseus’ men, why does Odysseus not kill him immediately? He knows that Polyphemus is the only one who can open the cave door. What ancient Greek rule for living does Polyphemus break when Odysseus meets him for the first time? hospitality Which trait does Odysseus exhibit by lying about his name to Polyphemus? cleverness How does Polyphemus react when Odysseus tells him his real name? He throws a rock at the ship. He tells Odysseus that a prophet had told him he would lose his eye. He asks Odysseus to come back to the island so he can treat him well. Why does Odysseus shout to the Cyclops once he and his men are away from the island? He wants to brag about his own cleverness.