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●Individual Differences on Growth and Development of Children An influence of metabolism , hormone, the properties of bone, dietary life, nutrition, and living and social environment makes differences on growth and development of children. 1 ● Growth Disorder Short height Tall height Early sexual maturity Obesity Underweight 2 ● The diseases and conditions for Growth Disorder 1. Endocrine diseases ： Growth hormone deficiency 2. Bone system diseases ：achondroplasia 3. Metabolism diseases ：rickets 4. Constitutional growth disorder： inheritance growth disorder 5. Chronic diseases ： malnutrition 6. Chromosome disorder：Down’s syndrome 7. Deformity：Russel-silver syndrome 8. Psychosomatic Growth Disorder ：child neglect or abuse 3 ● The diseases and conditions for underweight 1. Environmental factor: poverty, nutritional misunderstand, infection, etc. 2. Chronic diseases 3. Endocrine diseases 4. Inheritance metabolism diseases 5. Anorexia nervosa 4 Cross-Sectional Standard Growth Chart Height(cm） boy average Height Weight(Kg） average Weight AGE(year） 5 Data in 2000 ● Rohrer Index ＝weight (kg)/（ height (cm)3）ｘ107 ● Rohrer index ＝weight (kg)/（ height (m)3）ｘ10 Rohrer index Useful to calculate for obesity level of children 6 ● Rohrer index ex. height :135cm, weight :30kg 3 Rohrer index ＝30÷1.35 ×10 ＝30/2.46×10 ＝122（Normal Weight） 7 ● Rohrer Index Severe Underweight under １００ Underweight １００＜１１５ Normal Weight １１５＜１４５ Overweight １４５＜１５９ Obese over １６０ 8 ● Kaup Index (BMI) ＝ （ weight (g)/ height (cm)2）ｘ10 ● Kaup index (BMI) ＝weight (g)/ height (cm) / height (cm)ｘ10 Kaup index (BMI) Useful to calculate for obesity level of small children and adult 9 ● Kaup index ex. height :100cm Kaup index (1m), weight :20kg ＝20000÷1002×10 ＝20000/10000×10 ＝20（Normal Weight） BMI ＝20÷12 ＝20/1 ＝20（Normal Weight） 10 ● Kaup index (for small chiｌdren) Severe Underweight ＜ １３ Underweight １３ ＜１５ Normal Weight １５ Overweight １８ ＜ ２０ Obese ２０ ＜ ＜ １８ 11 ●BMI (for adult) Underweight < １８.５ Normal Weight １８.５ < ２５ Overweight ２５ < ３０ Obese ３０ < 12
