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Section 3: Marriage and the Family Revision Guide SECTION 3: Marriage and the Family REVISION GUIDE There are six main topics to know for this unit “Success is a habit – not luck” Changing attitudes Sex outside marriage Divorce Family life Homosexuality Contraception A study guide to help every pupil to potentially achieve an A*! GCSE Section 3 EXAMINATION SPECIFICATION Tick each section after thoroughly revising it and knowing it! If you are having trouble with a particular section put a star instead to remind you to look at it again before the examination!!! HINT Remember for ‘C’ questions if you cannot develop four ideas really develop 3 or really (really) explain 2 or write a text book entry for 1! Keywords – adultery, civil partnership, cohabitation, contraception, faithfulness, homosexuality, nuclear family, pre-marital sex, procreation, promiscuity, reconstituted family and remarriage Changing attitudes to marriage, divorce, family life and homosexuality in the UK and the reasons for them. Christian attitudes to sex outside marriage and the reasons for them. Attitudes to sex outside marriage in one religion other than Christianity and the reasons for them. Different Christian attitudes to divorce and the reasons for them. Different attitudes to divorce in one religion other than Christianity and the reasons for them. Christian teachings on family life and its importance. The teachings of one religion other than Christianity on family life and its importance. Christian attitudes to homosexuality and the reasons for them. Attitudes to homosexuality in one religion other than Christianity and the reasons for them. Different Christian attitudes to contraception and the reasons for them. Different attitudes to contraception in one religion other than Christianity and the reasons for them. Section 3: Marriage and the Family Revision Guide Keywords Faithfulness: staying with your marriage partner and having sex only with them. Adultery: having sex with someone who is not your marriage partner. Civil partnership: a legal ceremony giving a homosexual couples the same legal rights as a husband and wife. Homosexuality: sexual attraction to people of the same sex. Nuclear family: mother, father and children living as a unit. Re-constituted family: a family with stepbrothers and stepsisters. Pre-marital sex: sex before marriage. Promiscuity: having sex with a number of partners without commitment. Re-marriage: marrying again after being divorced. Contraception: intentionally preventing pregnancy from occurring. Procreation: making a new life. Sex before marriage is accepted by society and many couples now live together rather than marrying. Fewer people marry and more marriages end in divorce. Divorce has risen in the UK, Family life is the basis of and up to 1 in 3 marriages society, but modern society end in divorce. There are has different types of probably more divorces families, any of which can because society has bring up children. changed. Section 3: Marriage and the Family Revision Guide These notes have been written in bullet points to help you revise. However, you must answer in full sentences and paragraphs in you examination. Always develop each example, feature or opinion you describe or explain to maximise points to achieve an A*! Changing attitudes There have been changes to how society thinks in the past 100 years. There have been many social changes to the role of women in society, the way minorities are treated and views on issues such as cohabitation and homosexuality. Why have attitudes in the UK change? Christian teachings are no longer taken seriously by many people Women are less dependent on men for money The Church is less influential The UK has become a multi-faith and multiethnic society Reliable contraception has made sex safer There has been a decline in traditional family values The UK has become more tolerant to issues Laws have changed (e.g. legalisation of homosexuality and changing paternity leave laws) Examination question 2007 Explain why there are more divorces now than there used to be. Those who received full marks fully developed the following: Women are no longer dependent on men for money Divorce is cheaper Church teachings to not divorce are no longer followed by most people Society has accepted divorce Remember to develop you need to fully explain each feature, attitude or belief! (P.E.E) Section 3: Marriage and the Family Revision Guide Sex outside marriage Christian attitudes to sex outside marriage ADULTERY SEX BEFORE MARRIAGE All Christians are AGAINST adultery The bible only allows sex between marriage partners Adultery breaks the marriage vows of faithfulness Decalogue forbids adultery Children born outside marriage may have a less stable family life For If you are planning to get married It can bring a couple closer together Against Sex makes a marriage official (it consummates a relationship) Children born outside marriage may have a less stable family life It could lead to promiscuity and the spread of STIs (body is meant to be a temple to God) If you are in a long term and committed relationship Cohabitation Although Roman Catholics are against cohabitation, some Liberal Christians believe that it gives couples a chance to learn more about each other (work out problems, see if they are compatible) before getting married. *Remember questions on sex outside marriage means you can write about sex before marriage and adultery. Muslim attitudes to sex outside marriage Muslims are against adultery and against sex before marriage The Quran teaches that sex by unmarried couples is the same as adultery There are strict punishments for those who commit adultery or have sex before marriage (in some Islamic countries adultery is punishable by death) Prophet Muhammad was married – Muslims should follow his Sunnah Islamic law states that boys and girls should be separated after puberty to prevent sex before marriage The Quran teaches to wear baggy clothes for men and women to prevent sex outside marriage Section 3: Marriage and the Family Revision Guide Divorce Christian attitudes to divorce Romans Catholics Some Christians Against Accept Jesus said divorce was wrong “Anyone who divorces is wife and marries another woman commits adultery” Marriage is a sacrament and a sacred agreement made before God that should not be broken Breaks the wedding vows – “In sickness and in health ... Till death do us part” Catholics who divorce cannot be remarried in a Catholic Church Jesus seemed to allow for divorce in the case of unfaithfulness “…anyone who divorces his wife, except for marital unfaithfulness, and marries another woman commits adultery.” People can make mistakes and relationships do break down God is always ready to forgive sins With God’s forgiveness, believers may divorce and find happiness with a different marriage partner Lesser of 2 evils / Situation Ethics Muslims attitudes to divorce Accept Against If someone leaves Islam Muhammad was married If the man deserts the woman for a long period of time/is imprisoned There is a Hadith which says Muhammad hated divorce If the man/woman is infertile Islamic law permits divorce Teachings in the Quran set out rules and regulations – e.g. must have a 3 month ‘iddah’ where the couple live together and try to reconcile their differences Family life is important for the ummah – so as divorce breaks up the family, it affects the ummah Annulment = when Catholics say a marriage never existed. Muslims believe that sex before marriage and adultery are wrong because the Qur’an teaches this. All Muslims should marry because Muhammad married. Muslim marriage is for love and to raise a Muslim family. Marriage is a contract in Islam. Section 3: Marriage and the Family Revision Guide Family life Christian teachings on family life Belief Why they have this belief? Family Children Church support Family is important Children must be brought up in a Christian family The Church plays an important part in supporting families The Bible makes many references to the importance of family life Christian marriage service refer to founding a family and bringing up children Families are created by God to keep society together Family is the basis for society Parents should love their children and provide them with basic needs Parents should set a good example Children should obey their parents Children should look after their parents when they are older The Church can provide help if the family is in need Families may seek counselling from the Church to help with their marriage or family Muslim teachings on family life Belief Why they have this belief? Family Children Mosque support Family is the centre of Islam Children must be brought up in an Islamic family The Mosque plays an important part in supporting families It was created by Allah (God) to keep society together The place where children learn about Islam Men must provide for their families Women are to keep a good Muslim home Muhammad had a family Parents raise their children in Islam Parents have a duty to provide them with love and the basic needs Children must respect their parents Children must care for their parents when they are older The Mosque runs specials schools during the evenings and weekends to teach children the Quran The Mosque acts as a social centre for families and children Section 3: Marriage and the Family Revision Guide Homosexuality Christian attitudes to homosexuality FOR AGAINST God is omni-benevolent God said ‘Be fruitful and multiply’ – homosexuals cannot do this naturally Golden Rule – treat people how you would like to be treated The Bible says “Do not lie with a man as one lies with a woman” Relationships should be based on their love and commitment, not their sexuality St Paul says homosexuals will not enter heaven God made man in his own image God created Adam and Eve – man and woman to be in a marriage relationship together Bible teaches how you should obey the laws of the land Muslim attitudes to homosexuality Muslims believe that homosexuality is wrong for the following reasons: It is seen as a grave sin Muhammad was married – Muslims should follow his ummah Homosexual couples cannot procreate naturally, which threatens the stability of the ummah Allah destroyed the people of ‘Lot’ who were practicing homosexuality Under Islamic law homosexuality is punishable by death Section 3: Marriage and the Family Revision Guide Contraception Contraception is the deliberate prevention of pregnancy by natural or artificial methods. Reasons for people want to prevent pregnancy: They want to plan when they have a family They consider themselves too young or too old They feel that they could not provide for a child financially Could be harmful to the woman’s health Having a child would be incompatible with the couple’s lifestyle One or both carry a genetic disorder Christian attitudes to contraception FOR Condoms provide a barrier – so is not classed as murder Contraception allows for responsible family planning Condoms can protect you from STIs – your body is meant to be kept as a temple to God We have been given the technology, so we may as well use it AGAINST Prevents people fulfilling God’s command to “Be fruitful and multiply” The purpose of marriage is to have children If life begins at conception then the morning after pill and IUD coil could be seen as murder Contraception has allowed promiscuity, which increases the risk of STIs Muslim attitudes to Contraception FOR Condoms provide a barrier – so is not classed as murder Muhammad spoke of the withdrawal method and so using condoms is acceptable as they are a more reliable way of preventing the sperm reaching the egg If the mother’s life or health would be in danger if she became pregnant If the family and existing children would suffer materially or physically AGAINST The purpose of sex is to have children Some Muslims believe life begins at conception, so the morning after pill and IUD coil could be seen as murder Contraception has allowed promiscuity, which increases the risk of STIs Section 3: Marriage and the Family Revision Guide Past GCSE questions 5. (a) What is contraception? (2) (b) Do you think gay couples should be allowed to marry in a church? Give two reasons for your point of view. (4) * (c) Explain why many Christians are against sex outside marriage. (8) (d) "Couples should have counselling before getting a divorce." In your answer you should refer to at least one religion. (i) Do you agree? Give reasons for your opinion. (3) (ii) Give reasons why some people may disagree with you. (3) (Total for Question 5 = 20 marks) 6. (a) (b) * (c) (d) What is adultery? (2) Do you think marriage is better than co-habitation? Give two reasons for your point of view (4) Choose one religion other than Christianity and explain why there are different attitudes towards divorce within that religion. (8) "You should honour your mother and father." In your answer you should refer to at least one religion. 7. (a) (i) Do you agree? Give reasons for your opinion. (3) (ii) Give reasons why some people may disagree with you. (3) What is meant by procreation? (Total for Question 6 = 20 marks) (2) (b) Do you think an attitude in the UK toward homosexuality has changed? Give two reasons for your point of view (4) * (c) (d) Choose one religion other than Christianity and explain why some of its followers accept divorce and some do not. (8) "Christians should never use contraception." In your answer you should refer to at least one religion. (i) Do you agree? Give reasons for your opinion. (3) (ii) Give reasons why some people may disagree with you. (3) (Total for Question 7 = 20 marks)