Download Title: Blood pressure tracking during pregnancy and the

Art of Scientific Writing
ASSIGNMENT 2
Analysis of the literature surveyed (10 in number)
format of the assignment
Research question of your study :. Is there any affect of
bloodpressure and heart rate on different lying position in three
trimesters of pregnancy?
whether theres a prevalence of breathing disorder in four
different lying position ?
and any correlation between the both ?
Objectives of your study:
1) To study the prevalence of breathing disorders among pregnant
women.
2) To study the effect of lying positions on blood pressure among
pregnant women.
3) To study the effect of lying positions on heart rate among
pregnant women.
4) To correlate the effect of lying positions on blood pressure and
heart rate in three trimesters of pregnancy
Journal- 1 Arq.Neuropsiquiatr.2004;62(2-A):217-221
Title: Sleep disorders in pregnancy
Selection of article:introduction and literature review
Identify the following key elements of the literature collected:
– Problem :. Does the abnormal sleep pattern during pregnancy has
an impact on their sleeping disorder
– Purpose:This research aims is to determine the sleep disorders (SD)
for each of the three trimesters of the pregnancy comparing them
to the pre-pregnancy state
Sample details :Three hundred, 11- to 40-years-old
pregnant women are included in the study
– Methodology: were investigated in three hundred pregnant women
11- to 40-years-old through with a brief clinical interview based on
directed questions
– Key findings: pregnancy, sleep disorders, awakening, insomnia,
excessive daytime sleepiness
– Conclusions SD were more frequent during pregnancy
comparatively to PG state, mostly at the expenses of EDS
and specific awakening
– Recommendations : sleep disturbances during pregnancy
and Sleep and vigilance disorders in pregnancy
Selection of article:discussion
Journal name: j Family Reprod Health. 2013 Jun; 7(2): 87–
93.
Title: : Quality of Life in Pregnant Women with Sleep Disorder
Purpose:This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life of
pregnant women with sleep disorders in the second trimester
– Research question: is there any affect of quality of life of
pregnant women with sleep disorders in three trimester
– Sample : 100 pregnant women with sleep disturbances in
their second trimesters were recruited in this stud
– Methodology details : In this cross-sectional study, data
was collected with continuous sampling method. A total of
100 pregnant women with sleep disturbances in their
second trimesters were recruited in this study.
– Key findings: Quality of life, Pregnant women, Sleep
disorder
– Conclusion: a large percentage of women suffer from
sleep disorders in pregnancy
– Recommendations: during this period, in addition to usual
care, codified programs can be done to evaluate, detection
and Diagnosis of this disord
Selection of article:discussion
Journal name: N Engl J Med 1993 (328):1230–5
Title: The Occurrence of Sleep-Disordered Breathing among
Middle-Aged
Purpose:to find out the undiagnosed sleep-disordered
breathing disorder among adults
– Research questions: to estimate the prevalence of
undiagnosed sleep-disordered breathing among middleaged adults
– Sample details :random sample of 602 employed men
and women
– Methodology: was studied using
overnight.phypolysomnography to determine the
frequency of episodes of apnea and hypopnea /hour of
sleep
– Key findings: sleep disorder, breathing, men, women
– Conclusions:the prevalence of undiagnosed sleepdisordered breathing is high among men and is much
higher than previously suspected among women
.undiagnosed sleep-disordered breathing is associated
with daytime hypersomnolence.
– Recommendations :preestimate the prevalence of
undiagnosed sleep-disordered breathing among adults
and address its importance to the public heath.
Selection of article:introduction and definition
Title: Evaluation of the blood pressure load in the diagnosis of hypertension in
pregnancy Journal name: American Heart Association 2001;(38)723-729
Purpose: The use of a set of new end points obtained from
ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, in addition to the blood
pressure values themselves.
Research questions:does the ambulatory blood pressure
monitoring helps in diagnosing hypertension in pregnancy
Sample details:328 samples was included in the study(176
primipara)
Methodology: Each individual’s clock-hour BP values were rereferenced from clock time to hours before and after awakening
from nocturnal sleep
Key findings :pregnancy, preeclapsia ,blood pressure monitoring
,hypertension
Conclusions: This study indicates that ABPM has clear advantages
over conventional casual sampling for the diagnosis of hypertensive
complications in pregnancy.
Reccomentations:it can be advocated to improve sensitivity and specificity in
the diagnosis of hypertension and the evaluation of a patient s response to
treatment.
Journal name: Journal name: SLEEP;2010 33(10):1363-1371.
Title: Associations of early pregnancy sleep duration with trimester specific
blood pressures and hypertensive disorder pregnancy
Purpose: to evaluated the influence of maternal self-reported habitual sleep
duration during early pregnancy on blood pressure (BP) levels and risk of
hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
– Research questions:does the early self reported habitual sleep
duration of the mother reduces the risk of hypertension
– Sample details: 1,272 healthy, pregnant women.
– Methodology: This analysis is based on data collected from a cohort
of healthy women attending prenatal care clinics Eligible women
started prenatal care before 20 weeks gestation, were 18 years of
age or older, could speak and read English, and planned to carry the
pregnancy to term and to deliver at either hospital..
– Key findings: Blood pressure, sleep duration, hypertension,
preeclampsia, pregnancy
– Conclusions:theirr findings are consistent with a larger literature
that documents elevated blood pressure and increased risks of
hypertension with short and long sleep duration.:
– Recommendations:Future research with objective measures of
sleep duration and sleep quality during pregnancy is needed to
confirm our findings and to address whether voluntary short sleep
duration and/or insomnia contribute to hypertensive disorders of
pregnancy.
Selection of article:introduction and discussion
Journal name: Indian J Med Res (131)2010:285-301
Title: Sleep disordered breathing in women of child beraing age and during
preganancy
Purpose: for the awareness of Obstructive sleep apnoea among
maternal health care providers and other health-related outcomes
associated with identification and treatment of sleep apnoea
Research question: to identify the disease associated with untreated OSA
affecting all age groups, and does it is associated with significant social, work,
and health impact??
Sample details: 47 pregnant women
Methodology : Sleep apnoea diagnosis was made on clinical grounds alone in
13, on polysomnography and clinical features prior to pregnancy in 13; in the
first trimester in 5, in the last trimester in 5, post partum in 6. All but three had
obstructive sleep apnoea. Two had exclusively central apneas
Key findings: Gender - gestational hypertension - obesity
pregnancy - sleep apnoea
preeclampsia -
Conclusions: Obstructive sleep apnoea is a common yet most often
unrecognized condition even among women of childbearing age. Recognition is
hampered by its different clinical presentation and the lack of tool specifically
validated among young and pregnant women
Recommendations: The clinical suspicion should be increased among women
with past or current history of polycystic ovarian syndrome, depression,
hypertension, diabetes, hypothyroidism, metabolic syndrome, obesity, or
craniofacial features of narrower
Selection of article:introduction and discussion
Name:
European heart journal.2011;(32):3088-3097.
Title: Blood pressure tracking during pregnancy and the risk of gestational
hypertensive disorder;
Purpose: Blood pressure tracking can be used to examine the predictability
of future values by early measurements
Research questions: whether pressure tracking can be used to examine
the predictability of future values by early measurements.?
and whether blood pressure in early pregnancy tracks to third
trimester and whether this tracking is influenced by maternal
characteristics and is associated with the risk of gestational
hypertensive disorders??
Sample details:8482
Methodology This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a
population-based prospective cohort study . Blood pressure was
measured in each trimester of pregnancy. Information about doctordiagnosed pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia was
obtained from medical records.:
Key findings
Conclusions: Blood pressure tracks moderately during pregnancy and
is influenced by maternal characteristics. Second to third trimester
increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure are associated with
an increased risk of gestational hypertensive disorders
Recommendations: Further research is needed focused on factors
influencing blood pressure tracking and their associations with
gestational hypertensive disorders
Selection of article-literature review and discussion
Journal name: Obstet Gynecol Surv.2014;69(3):164-176
Title: Sleep disordered Breathing during pregnancy: future complications
for cardiovascular health.
– Purpose: To propose the hypothesis that occult sleep disordered
breathing during pregnancy may play a role in long-term
cardiovascular disease in women who had hypertensive disorders
of pregnancy
– Research questions: does the sleep disordered breathing during
pregnancy may have a impact on cardiovascular system in later
life??
– Sample details:1800 samples
– Methodology:follow up study design
– Key findings :pregnancy ,sleep disorderd breathing ,hypertension,
– Conclusions: Given the suggested mechanisms that explain these
associations, it is plausible that SDB during pregnancy may increase
long-term cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
– Recommendations: Pregnancy may offer a window of opportunity
for identification and treatment of SDB which could provide
substantial health benefit for many years to come.
Selection of journal:literature review and discussion
Title: .Comparison of supine and upright position on autonomic nervous activity in late
pregnancy Blackwell Science Ltd.1999;(84):215-219
Purpose: n order to understand the effect of aortocaval
compression on autonomic nervous activity, we compared the effects
of supine and upright postures on measures of heart rate variability in
late pregnanc
Research questions: Aortocaval compression in the supine position
in pregnant women might be responsible for this reversal in the
autonomic response to lying down.
Sample details: 30 pregnant women and 23 controls were included in
this study
Methodology All subjects were instructed not to drink caffeinated
beverages for at least 24 h before electrocardiographic recording. A
continuous analogue signal from standard lead II of the
electrocardiogram was recorded by a bedside electrocardiographic
monitor for 15 min with the subject sitting upright in a chair with back
support. At the end of electrocardiographic recording, blood pressure
was measured over the left and right antecubital areas The subject
was then instructed to lie down on the examination bed and the
electrocardiographic recording was repeated 5 min later for 15 min
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Key findings: Pregnancy; autocaval compression;Nervous system;
autonomic nervous activity
Conclusions: when the position was changed from upright to supine,
the nonpregnant women had higher vagal activity and lower
sympathetic activity, whereas the pregnant women had lower vagal
activity and higher sympathetic activity. The vagal enhancing effect
seen in normal subjects in changing position from upright to supine
was reversed in late pregnancy
Recommendations: Aortocaval compression in the supine position in
late pregnancy might be responsible for this reversal in the
autonomic response to lying down.
Selection of article:literature review
Title: Trimester specific blood pressure levels in relation to maternal pre-pregnancy body
mass inde
Purpose: to evaluated the influence of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass
index (BMI), based on reported pre-pregnancy weight and height, on blood
pressure (BP) levels during pregnancy
Research questions:does the mothers pre gestational weight have any
relation with the blood pressure changes during pregnancy
Sample details:1733 samples
Methodology: Information was collected on medical and reproductive
histories and sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Pre-pregnancy
weight and height were based on self-reports made during the interview
Key findings: maternal prenatal blood pressure, maternal body mass index,
maternal obesity, pregnancy, mean arterial pressure.
Conclusions: . Work in progress considering BP records at individual
gestational ages (rather than grouped by trimester), however, indicates that the
nature of the association between BP and maternal pre-gestational BMI
changes with gestational age
Recommendations:The observed increases in BP even in non-obese women
suggest that public health efforts in the US directed towards encouraging all
children, adolescents, young adults and pregnant women to exercise, consume
healthy diets and avoid adult weight gain, may result in improved BP profiles
during pregnancy.
Such improved profiles may lead to reductions in obesity-associated
medical complications of pregnancy, including pre-eclamp