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siblings, cloning, conception, quickening, ensoulment, viable, human-animal hybrid , experimentation
Religion, morality & life;
We all make moral decisions. Believers
base their morality upon the teachings
of the faith they follow. Some
religions such as Judaism have very
clear laws, where as other religions
such as Buddhism provides guidance as
the laws are open to interpretation.
Christians & Sikhs believe that life is
sacred as it is a gift from God.
Fertility treatment;
Usually the surrogate
mothers egg and fathers
sperm are used, with
pregnancy being achieved
by AI.
• The father
automatically has equal
rights over the child
with the surrogate
mother.
• After 6 weeks both
parents can apply for a
Parental Order,
removing any claim the
surrogate mother had.
Transplants & transfusions;
Organs can not be sold for transplants in the UK.
Patients will be required to take medication for
the rest of their lives to prevent rejection.
Human transplants;
• Organs can be given by live
donors – kidneys, part of
liver, small bowel, pancreas
& bone marrow
• Can be taken from patients
who are brain dead, a
machine keeps then ‘alive’
until the organs can be
harvested
• Have to carry donor card
• Link to sanctity, quality &
value of life
Surrogacy;
Animal organ
transplants;
• Mainly pig
organs or
products used
(insulin was first
harvested from
pigs)
Fertility treatment can be given to
those couples who can’t conceive
naturally.
OR;
If the genetic mother
has working ovaries
then a surrogate can
carry the baby
conceived through IVF
from the parents eggs
and sperm.
Here the surrogate
MUST hand over the
baby at birth.
UK Law;
The surrogate can be paid
expenses, but must
receive no fee.
IVF & AI;
Involves the collection of sperm, which
Roman Catholics see as ‘spilling the
seed of life’, so are against.
AID is often most objected to
because;
• Donor is a stranger
• Could be seen as adultery
• Allows unmarried women to have
children
• Allows gay couples to have children
• Problems from the child later in life
when they find out
• Donor may not want identity to be
revealed
For IVF;
Against IVF;
• Compassion
• Not natural – so
• Everyone has
against God.
the right to be a • Expensive – no
Transfusions;
parent
guarantee of
Jehovah’s Witnesses believe that • Child maybe
pregnancy
life is carried in the blood, so will
loved more
not have transfusions. They will • God has given
accept ‘bloodless transplants’.
the intelligence
Leviticus 17:11 “Life is contained
to develop
in the blood” NO other Christians technique
believe this.
(IVF), test-tube baby, artificial insemination, surrogacy, artificial insemination by husband (AIH), artificial
Keywords; Morality, ethics, absolute morality, relative morality, sanctity of life, value of life, quality of life, fertility treatment, in vitro fertilisation
insemination by donor (AID), transplant surgery, blood transfusion, human genetic engineering, embryology, embryo, designer baby, stem cell, saviour
Designer babies;
When does life begin?;
In theory this is
possible, scientists in
USA have developed a
genetically modified
embryo
Before conception
(,Sikhs,)
Conception
(Roman Catholic)
After 14 days
attachment to the womb
3 weeks
Heart beat
No further genetic
experimentation is
allowed after this
point
Reproductive;
UK Law;
Human Fertilisation &
Embryology Bill May 2008
Aims to define what UK
scientists can and can’t
do
An identical copy of an animal,
Quickening - 9 weeks
plant or even human, however
First movements
it is ILLEGAL to clone
humans.
Most famous clone –
Viability - 24 weeks
Dolly
the sheep
(abortion is not legal after this point unless
extreme cases)
Birth
Cloning;
The creation of a
genetically identical
organism. There are 2
types;
Religious beliefs;
Christianity;
Psalm 139
Leviticus 17:11
Exodus 20
Therapeutic;
Problems:
March ‘08
Clinical
tests of
drug
TGN1412
go wrong
UK Law;
Also known as stem-cell
UK labs are
cloning. Allows biological strictly licenced,
material to be cloned from embryos are
cells that have not been destroyed at 14
determined – fewer organ
days.
shortages in the future?
Human genetic engineering;
The ability to change the genes in
a cell to allow cures to be found
for genetic disorders. Scientist
have now ‘mapped’ the entire
length of human DNA.
For;
Against;
• Prevent disease • Encourages
• Allow healthy
scientist to
babies to be
‘play’ God
born
• Creates many
• Good quality of
unused
life for baby
embryos that
• Maybe used to
are destroyed
cure deafness
– murder
or blindness
(Roman
Catholics)
• Removes
sanctity of life
Human hybrids &
experiments;
Hybrids:
Scientists have created a cowhuman hybrid that had survived
for 3 days. It is hoped that it
can be used to treat Parkinson's
or Alzheimer's disease.
Experiments;
Is testing on animals reliable??
All drugs undergo a final stage
of testing on humans, it is
usually safe for the paid
volunteers
Lab testing
(animals)
Human testing
(3 stages)
Drug is licenced