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A &P Notes: Skeletal System and Skull 1) Composed of ______________________________________________ 2) ___% of body mass 3) Two major parts a) _________________________ b) _________________________ 4) The axial skeleton consists of _____ bones 5) Three major regions a) ____________________ b) ____________________ c) ____________________ 6) Formed by two sets of bones a) Cranial bones (cranium) i) Enclose the brain in the cranial cavity (1) Cranial vault (calvaria) (2) Cranial base: anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae ii) Provide sites of attachment for _________________________________ 7) Facial bones a) Framework of face b) Cavities for special sense organs for sight, taste, and smell c) Openings for ___________________ d) Sites of attachment for ______________________________ of facial expression 8) Eight cranial bones 1. Frontal bone a. Anterior portion of cranium b. Most of anterior cranial fossa c. Superior wall of orbits d. Contains air-filled frontal sinus 2. Parietal bones (2) a. Superior and lateral aspects of cranial vault b. Four sutures mark articulations of parietal bones with frontal, occipital, and temporal bones: i. ______________________—between parietal bones and frontal bone ii. ______________________—between right and left parietal bones iii. ______________________—between parietal bones and occipital bone iv. ______________________—between parietal and temporal bones on each side of skull 3. Occipital bone a. Most of skull's posterior wall and posterior cranial fossa b. Articulates with _____________________ c. Sites of attachment for ligamentum nuchae and many neck and back muscles 4. Temporal bones (2) a. Inferolateral aspects of skull and parts of cranial base b. Four major regions i. ________________________ ii. ________________________ iii. ________________________ iv. ________________________ 5. Sphenoid bone a. Complex, bat-shaped bone b. ____________________ c. Articulates with all other cranial bones d. Three pairs of processes i. _________________________ ii. _________________________ iii. _________________________ 6. Ethmoid bone a. Deepest skull bone b. Superior part of ______________________, roof of nasal cavities c. Contributes to medial wall of orbits d. _____________________ for dural attachment 7. Sutural bones a. Tiny irregularly shaped bones that appear within sutures 9) Fourteen Facial Bones a) Mandible i) Lower jaw ii) __________________ bone of face iii) Temporomandibular joint iv) Only _____________________ joint in skull b) Maxillary bones (maxillae) (2) i) Medially fused to form upper jaw and central portion of facial skeleton ii) _____________________________ iii) Articulate with all other facial bones except mandible iv) Contain maxillary sinuses v) Largest of paranasal sinuses c) Zygomatic bones (2) i) ____________________ ii) Inferolateral margins of orbits d) Nasal bones (2) i) Form _____________________ e) Lacrimal bones (2) i) In medial walls of orbits ii) ________________ houses _______________ f) Palatine bones (2) i) Posterior one-third of hard palate ii) Posterolateral walls of the nasal cavity iii) Small part of the orbits g) Vomer i) Plow shaped ii) Inferior part of nasal septum h) Inferior nasal conchae (2) i) Form part of lateral walls of nasal cavity ii) Largest of three pairs of conchae 10) Orbits a) Cavities that encase eyes and lacrimal glands b) Sites of attachment for eye muscles c) Formed by parts of seven bones d) Frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, maxilla, palatine, lacrimal, and ethmoid 11) Nasal Cavity a) Roof, lateral walls, and floor formed by parts of four bones i) ________________________ ii) ________________________ iii) ________________________ iv) ________________________ b) Nasal septum of bone and hyaline cartilage i) Perpendicular plate of ethmoid ii) __________________ iii) Anterior septal cartilage 12) Paranasal sinuses a) Mucosa-lined, air-filled spaces b) ________________ c) Enhance ____________________________ d) _______________________ e) Found in frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones 13) Hyoid bone a) _____________________________ b) Does not articulate directly with another bone c) Movable base for ____________________ d) Site of attachment for muscles of __________________________