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Supplemental Table 1: Standardized Differences for Propensity-Matched Analysis of
Digoxin
Prescribed
digoxin within 90
days of new AF
(N = 26,703)
72.7 ± 9.5
1.5%
91.9%
Not prescribed
digoxin within 90
days of new AF
(N = 26,703)
73 ± 9.4
1.3%
92.6%
Standardized
Difference*
0.030
Age, mean ± SD, years
0.016
Female
0.028
Race, White
Comorbidity Index
1.1 ± 1.2
1.1 ± 1.2
0.028
Charlson Comorbidity Index
CHADS2 score group
48.3%
48.8%
0.011
CHADS 0-1
44.3%
44.2%
0.002
CHADS 2-3
7.4%
6.9%
0.017
CHADS 4-6
1.7 ± 1.2
1.7 ± 1.2
0.012
Mean CHADS2 score ± SD
22.0%
21.3%
0.022
Congestive Heart Failure
57.5%
57.4%
0.003
Hypertension
28.5%
28.3%
0.005
Diabetes
5.7%
5.1%
0.026
Prior Stroke/TIA
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eGFR group, mL/min/1.73m
11.6%
11.1%
0.015
eGFR>=90
50.8%
51.6%
0.012
eGFR 60-89
23.0%
23.1%
0.003
eGFR 45-59
11.3%
11.3%
0.001
eGFR 30-44
2.7%
2.4%
0.017
eGFR 15-29
0.32%
0.25%
0.012
eGFR <15
0.30%
0.27%
0.005
Dialysis
58.2%
57.9%
0.006
Diuretics
8.3%
7.8%
0.019
Niacin or Fibrates
53.2%
53.5%
0.006
Statins
62.1%
61.7%
0.008
Warfarin
62.9%
62.2%
0.014
All beta-blockers
24.5%
23.5%
0.023
Anti-platelet agents
59.5%
58.7%
0.017
ACE inhibitors or ARB
9.8%
9.4%
0.014
Amiodarone
*
The standardized difference was calculated by dividing the difference in mean outcome between
groups by the standard deviation of outcome among participants.
ACE inhibitors /ARB = angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor
blockers, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate in mL/min/1.73m2
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Supplemental Table 2: Unadjusted Mortality Incidence Rates by Drug Exposure.
Deaths
Mortality Rate
(per 1,000
Person-Years),
unadjusted
Incidence Rate
Ratio (95% CI),
unadjusted
P
267,909
85,259
353,168
19,999
8,724
28,723
67
95
81
–
1.42 (1.38-1.45)
–
–
<0.001
–
76,246
79,886
156,132
6,641
8,439
15,080
78
96
88
–
1.22 (1.19-1.26)
–
–
<0.001
–
Person-Time
(Yrs)
Full Cohort
No Digoxin
Digoxin
Overall
Propensity-Matched Cohorts
No Digoxin
Digoxin
Overall
Treatment
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Supplemental Figure 1: Propensity Score Distributions for Full Cohort
Supplemental Figure 1: Propensity Score Distributions for Full Cohort. Supplemental Figure 1 shows
overlap in the propensity score distrubutions for receipt of digoxin in the full cohort (n=122,465). The
final propensity-matched cohort used in the propensity-matched analysis was assembled using 1:1
nearest-neighbor matching without replacement.
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