Download The composition of urine

urinary system
The urine: formed by kidney,it is ultra filtrate of plasma from which
glucose, amino acid, water and other substances.
The composition of urine
1- urea: a metabolic waste product produced in liver from breakdown of
protein and amino acid , accounts half of total dissolved in urine.
2- organic substances like creatinine and uric acid
3- inorganic substances like chloride, sodium and potassium
4- other substances like hormone, vitamins and mediations
5-the urine may be also contain formed elements such as cells, casts,
crystals , mucous and bacteria . increased amount of these formed
elements are indicating of disease.
Urinalysis
we must make urinalysis if we find many signs like irritation, burning and
pain.
collection of urine specimens prefer in morning and fasting due to the
urine more concentrated and more likely to reveal abnormalities.
collection of urine specimens in animals by catheter, 10 ml of specimen
sufficient for test.
the ratio of urine
day : night
2
:
1
or
4 :
1
If the urine specimens cannot be delivered to laboratory or test within
one hour , what happen to it?
1-increasing of PH due to destruction of urea into ammomin
2-decreasing of glucose( glycolysis ) by bacterial utilization
3-decreasing of keton body
4-increasing of turbidity due to bacterial reproduction and bacterial
growth
5-change in colour because of oxidation and reduction reaction
6-decreasing of bilirubin from exposure to light.
To protect the urine specimens , it must refrigerated or have ppropriate
preservative added.
the urine report
1-physical properties:
volume
colour
appearance
reaction
2-chemical properties ( pathological examination ):
blood
pritein
sugar
bilirubin
urobilinogen
PH
keton bodies
leukocytes
nitrate
specific gravity
3-microscopic examination
RBC
pus cells( WBC )
epithelial cells
casts
crystals
ova
other findings.