Download Oral Health in the context of Adolescent health

Oral Health in the context of
Adolescent health
Isaac Okullo BDS, ADHSM, MPH, PhD
Oral Health
• It is a state of being free from mouth and
facial pain, oral and throat cancer, oral
infection and sores, periodontal (gum)
disease, tooth decay, tooth loss, and other
diseases and disorders that limit an
individual’s capacity in biting, chewing,
smiling, speaking, and psychosocial wellbeing
WHO
• Worldwide, 60–90% of school children and nearly 100% of adults
have dental cavities.
• Dental cavities can be prevented by maintaining a constant low
level of fluoride in the oral cavity.
• Severe periodontal (gum) disease, which may result in tooth loss, is
found in 15–20% of middle-aged (35-44 years) adults.
• Globally, about 30% of people aged 65–74 have no natural teeth.
• Oral disease in children and adults is higher among poor and
disadvantaged population groups.
• Risk factors for oral diseases include an unhealthy diet, tobacco use,
harmful alcohol use and poor oral hygiene, and social determinants.
most common oral diseases
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Dental cavities
Periodontal (gum) disease
Oral cancer
Oral infectious diseases
Trauma from injuries
Hereditary lesions
80%
29%
Adolescent Oral Health
• youths between the ages of 10 to 18.
• The adolescent patients are peculiar for
various reasons
High caries potential
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Immature permanent tooth enamel
Total increase in susceptible tooth surfaces
Environmental factors such as diet
Health seeking behaviour
Low priority for oral hygiene
Social factors
Risk for traumatic injury and
periodontal conditions increase
• most common injuries to permanent teeth
occur secondary to falls, followed by traffic
accidents, violence, and sports
• psychodynamic factors
Tendency for poor nutritional habits
• Consumption of high quantities of refined
carbohydrates and acid-containing beverages
Genetic conditions
• Significant esthetic, functional, physiologic, or
emotional dys-function are potential
difficulties for the adolescent
• Complex treatment e.g orthodontics
Behaviour
• Behavioral considerations include anxiety and
phobia
• Intraoral and perioral mutilations
Use of tobacco, alcohol, and other
drugs
• Significant oral, dental, and systemic health
consequences and death are associated with
all current forms of tobacco use
Evidence
• Study by IO
• Looking at adolescents in Kampala and Lira aged
13 to 19 years
• 80% of the students had DMFT >0; 85% and 76%
in Kampala and Lira respectively
• Mean DMFT scores were 2.4 in Kampala and 3.3
in Lira
• Sugar consumption was higher in females and in
students of highly educated parents
• Study by MB
• Among secondary school students aged 12–25 years (mean
17 years) in central and western Uganda
• 28.8% showed clinical features of EOP
• 2.3% generalized EOP, 4.2% localized EOP, and 154 (22.3%)
incidental EOP
• Males more affected than females (33.8% vs. 22.2%
• EOP prevalence tended to increase with increasing age; no
association found between EOP prevalence and
socioeconomic status
• Molars and mandibular incisors generally demonstrated the
highest occurrence of ≥ 4 mm attachment loss