Download Unit One Text B

《旅游实用外语》教学大纲
周毅（四川大学旅游学院）
一.
课程名称:
《旅游实用外语》， English for Tourism-Major Students
二.
课程号（代码）：
三.
课程类别:
四.
学时， 学分:
10603540
专业核心课
68 学时， 4 学分
五. 教学目的要求:
随着世界及我国旅游业和旅游教育事业的迅猛发展， 尤其随着西部大开
发进程的不断加快， 像四川大学这样高层次的旅游管理专业本科学生有必要
提高自身的旅游专业的英语水平。 通过开设和系统讲授这门课程， 提高学生
们在听、 说、 读、 译旅游专业的英语表达法及资料（包括中外历史、 地理、
文化以及旅游活动中的吃、 住、 行、 游、 购、 娱等）， 增强其毕业后的
就业竞争能力和实际工作能力， 为日后进一步提高专业英语和科研水平奠定
坚实的基础。
六.
教学内容:
七.
教材：
（见另附文件 1）
《旅游英语教程》， 周毅编著， 四川大学出版社 2001 年版。
《旅游英语教程（修订版）》， 周毅编著， 四川大学出版社 2004 年版。
八.
主要参考书目：
（见另附文件 2）
另附文件 2
《旅游实用外语》主要参考书目
周毅（四川大学旅游学院）
主要参考书目：
1. 《英语》， 国家旅游局人事劳动司编， 旅游教育出版社 1996 年版。
2. 《模拟导游教程》， 国家旅游局人事劳动司编， 中国旅游出版社 1996 年版。
3. 《实用旅游英语会话》， 杨光蓉、 刘祖材编著， 四川人民出版社 1990 年
版。
4. 《旅游英语》， 段开成编著， 南开大学出版社 2001 年版。
5. 《四川英语导游应试必备手册》， 杨天庆编著， 四川科学技术出版社 2002
年版。
6. 《旅游英语》， 关肇远主编， 上海教育出版社 2003 年版。
《旅游实用外语》教学内容
另附文件 1
周毅（四川大学旅游学院）
主要纲目和学时分配：
Composed of 40 texts of 20 units and exercises, the course aims at letting
students master special vocabulary, expressions and sentence patterns as well as skills
of speaking, listening, reading and translating tourism English. After completing this
course, students will learn at least two thousand special words and expressions of
tourism. This course is supposed to be finished within one semester with at least 4
periods of lessons per week.
Teaching Pace: Part I —— one unit (texts A and B, as well as all the exercises to
the texts) per week!
Part II —— about one and half unit (texts A and B, as well as all
the exercises to the texts) per week!
Part I 第一部分
This part focuses upon the common sense of China and language skills related to
the facts about China ( esp. reading, translation, hearing ).
Unit One Text A
Focus:
Nationalities and Neighbors of China
Expressions and Patterns to Review:
Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences the missing letters, words or
phrases. Make the sentences below both complete and correct by using the clues
from the text or other sources.
1. China’s official census of the year 2000
about
.
2. China is the
of nearly one
world.
a total mainland population of
every five persons in the
3. China is a m
country with 56
, and the Han is the
people.
4. China's national policy
cultural continuity and political and economic
in the areas of minorities.
5. Most of these ethnic groups are s
in the s
b
regions or m
areas.
6. There are five
regions for m
in China.
7. Minorities have been e
from China's stringent b
c
program.
8. Chinese c
has
longer than any other in the history of the
world.
9. Chinese four greatest inventions--,
,
and
have
had far r
impact upon the development of the West.
10. Visitors from Marco Polo in the 13th century to Matteo Ricci in the 16th reported
f
upon a society which in many aspects o
the Europe of their
own times.
Unit One Text B
Focus:
Features of Urban Life in China
Expressions and Patterns to Review:
Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences the missing letters, words or
phrases. Make the sentences below both complete and correct by using the clues
from the text or other sources.
1. They often complain about the difficulty of
to the new
environment---climate, local dialects,
, and, not least of all,
.
2. Travelers from the West are
by both the m
and the
s
of China's cities.
3. China’s architecture of today seems to be dominated by a
of
Western-style tall buildings and t
Chinese houses, two of which provide
i
a
such as toilets, running water, and gas stoves and many
other modern f
and electric a
.
4. Government policy has stressed the
of China's mass
systems
to serve the m
of the people.
5. The term “ iron rice bowl ” r
to the high d
of job
particularly in a government-run enterprises where workers’ wages are in no way
tied to their p
.
Unit Two Text A
Focus:
Chronology of Feudalistic Dynasties of China
Expressions and Patterns to Review:
Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences the missing letters, words or
phrases. Make the sentences below both complete and correct by using the clues
from the text or other sources.
1. China boasts a long, brilliant history. Its recorded history goes from the ancient
Xia Dynasty and the
Dynasty, the Western Zhou
, the
Zhou Dynasty ( the Spring &
Period and the Period of
States )
to the
Dynasty, the Western Han
, the
Dynasty,
the Three Kingdoms Period, the Jin Dynasty, the Period of Southern &
Dynasties, the
, the Tang Dynasty, the Period of Five
Dynasties & Ten Kingdoms, the
Dynasty, the
Dynasty, the
Ming Dynasty and the
Dynasty and further to the modern periods of
Republic of China and today’s
Republic of China.
2. The Shang Dynasty, which ruled over the valley of the Yellow River, left written
records cast in bronze or inscribed on t
shell and bone, known as
"
."
3. Qin Shi Huangdi forcibly organized China into a h
of p
and
c
under centralized control. For defense against nomadic Mongolian
tribes, he established the
by joining together previously built
segments.
4. Qin Shi Huangdi unified the system of weights and
and standardized
the system of the Chinese
language. It was the first Qin emperor who
burned
books and buried alive
.
5. Under the later
,
was introduced into China from India.
6. During the
Dynasty, China emerged as a political and
presence in A
.
7. The Song Dynasty is distinguished for literature, philosophy, and the invention of
gunpowder,
, and the magnetic
.
8. During the Yuan Dynasty, the
Canal was completed and a system of
r
stations
assured
safe
travel.
European
merchants,
notably
, and m
reached the Mongol capital
of
, on the site of present-day Beijing.
9. Morally weakened by corruption and by its inability to compete militarily and
e
with the W
and Japan, the Qing empire was disturbed by
both i
r
such as the Taiping Rebellion and Boxer Rebellion
and e
pressures from foreign powers, mainly Western powers.
10. The cradle of Chinese c
is thought to be the basins of the rivers of
Wei and Luo, and the middle
of the Yellow River. Recent studies also
show that the
River is another major s
of Chinese
civilization.
Unit Two Text B
Focus:
Geograghical Features and Figures of China
Expressions and Patterns to Review:
Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences the missing letters, words or
phrases. Make the sentences below both complete and correct by using the clues
from the text or other sources.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Lying in the
part of the
hemisphere, China is
strategically situated in E
Asia.
China's land border of 20,000 km. is shared with
in the east, V
,
L
and M
( Burma ) in the south,
, Bhutan, Sikkim
and N
in the southwest,
and Pakistan toward the
west,
, Kazakstan, Kirghizia and T
toward the
northwest
and
toward the north. Across the Yellow River China faces J
.
In China, there are two special
zones: Hong Kong and
and five special
zones: Shenzhen,
Zhuhai,
, Shantou and Hainan.
The t
of China is roughly divided into three tiers of elevation sloping
downward from
to
. Formidable physical b
---the wide
Ocean to the east, the Himalayas and the Tibetan plateau ( the " roof of the world
" ) to the
, semisteppes and barren d
to the northwest
and rugged terrain and r
forests to the south--have insulated China from
easy contact with other major cultures.
I
agriculture means a h
reliance on human labor to cultivate
land for m
yields.
Unit Three Text A
Focus:
Characteristics of Chinese Culture
Expressions and Patterns to Review:
Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences the missing letters, words or
phrases. Make the sentences below both complete and correct by using the clues
from the text or other sources.
With one of the world’s longest
civilizations, China b
an
impressive heritage of art, architecture, language and cuisine.
2. The O
War led to China’s repeated military defeats and the
h
unequal treaties.
3. The Chinese w
language has served as the chief m
of
cultural c
for more than 2,000 years.
4. The forms of Chinese c
, non-alphabetic, as the symbols are called,
1.
were s
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
in 221 BC by the first emperor of the
Dynasty.
has been considered the highest of the arts, along with poetry and
p
the special province of the scholar who has mastered the flexible
strokes of the writing b
.
Classical literature included the
canon, works of
, and
belles lettres.
The purpose of amassing a formidable corpus of official dynastic histories is to
d
from the past.
Over the past centuries, foreign elements have been a
and
a
into Chinese culture. A typical example is Buddhism.
The last decades of the 20th c.
China open
to an eager world.
In the words of the 11th century h
, Sima Guang, history is written so
that " V
might become examples and e
warnings. "
Unit Three Text B
Focus:
Types of Entertainment in China
Expressions and Patterns to Review:
Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences the missing letters, words or
phrases. Make the sentences below both complete and correct by using the clues
from the text or other sources.
1. China has a rich cultural h
in the p
arts.
2. With its roots in musical forms dating from the
Dynasty, Beijing Opera
offers an intricate display of song, p
, pantomime, dance, and a
.
The four main characters are a s
or statesman, a
or bandit, a
principal f
character, and a
or a jester.
3. In China, there are four biggest traditional festivals: the S
Festival, the
L
show Festival, the
and the
or the Moon-cake Festival.
4. Other entertainments including p
shows, acrobatic acts,
and
social dances also provide a diverting way to spend an evening.
5. I
sports and games include billiards, Chinese c
, go,
p
cards, mah-jong, computer games, etc..
Unit Four Text A
Focus:
Historical Development and Features of Chinese Arts and Handicrafts from
the Neolithic Times to the Sui Dynasty
Expressions and Patterns to Review:
Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences the missing letters, words or
phrases. Make the sentences below both complete and correct by using the clues
from the text or other sources.
1. Today's travelers to China are bound to be tempted by a d
range of
goods from a
such as cloisonné and celadon to chopsticks, kites,
s
bottles and paper, just to mention a few.
2. The Shang ritual vessels were designed to hold food or l
offered as
s
to the
, who consumed the "essence" and
left behind the food itself.
3. After the 9th century BC, Zhou art was increasingly influenced by the
v
animal designs of the C
Asian no
, which were more
r
than Chinese forms.
4. R
reached full flowering in Chinese art during the
.
5. During this powerful and cosmopolitan period of Han, China's borders were
pushed
almost to P
, where more realistic design
elements originated and were gradually carried back to China.
6. In the Han, d
, tigers, birds, and snakes were used in art as part of an
elaborate system
seasons, directions, and natural
.
7. Dragons were thought to possess the power to change shape and size
at
and to control the r
. Because of this limitless ability to control
natural forces, the dragon's might paralleled the emperor's power on
,
and in the Han the
became the official e
of the emperor and
his sons.
8. Lengths gossamer-thin silks, patterned silk b
, and silken
e
were carried along the "
Road " through Western
to clothe R
patrician matrons.
9. After the fall of the Han in the 3rd century AD, D
( Chinese native
religion ) and B
( transmitted from India ) played an increasingly
important role in developing a new Chinese esthetic, which was primarily
concerned with
.
10. While art had previously been used almost entirely to convey
,
the
of C
and rise of Daoism brought a reevaluation of the
purpose and value of art.
Unit Four Text B
Focus:
Historical Development and Features of Chinese Arts and Handicrafts from
the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty and to the Present-Time Folk Art
Expressions and Patterns to Review:
Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences the missing letters, words or
phrases. Make the sentences below both complete and correct by using the clues
from the text or other sources.
1. The so-called
g
pottery was typical of the Tang Dynasty.
Tang painting continued to develop the techniques which would come to
f
in the succeeding
Dynasty.
2. The Song Dynasty was a time of e
and deep nationalism. The Song
was the greatest age of Chinese
. The good example is the famous
Song
“ Life along the River on the Eve of the Qingming Festival ”.
3. Under the century-long
which the Mongols established,
China turned from the elegance and r
of the Song to a lavish
d
style.
4. Cloisonne enamelware, or " Jingtai Blue ", introduced from the
in the
Yuan, was highly developed during the
.
5. During the Qing Dynasty, ceramics and porcelain, c
in particular,
reached a p
in technique. Imperial workshops produced lacquerware,
jade, and other luxury items for c
use.
Unit Five
Focus:
Text A
Features of the Four Biggest Cuisines and Cooking Methods in China
Expressions and Patterns to Review:
Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences the missing letters, words or
phrases. Make the sentences below both complete and correct by using the clues
from the text or other sources.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
In China, there are the four greatest c
: Sichuan food characterized by hot
and p
flavoring, Shandong food characterized by freshness, tastiness
and
, Guangdong food characterized by freshness, tenderness and
l
and Jiangsu-Zhejiang Cuisine characterized by
.
M
cuisine and v
cuisine exclude pork and all sorts of
meat respectively.
Quite different from Western cooking where r
are followed strictly
like l
instructions, Chinese cooking always allows for a c
and stylistic touch to it.
Chinese food is featured by " colorful ",
"f
", " d
",
"s
", " varied " and " complex ".
Early styles of Chinese cooking developed from two important governing aspects
of life in the Middle Kingdom. The first was r
. Daoism, which taught
mankind to seek
with natural forces, encouraged a simple,
vegetarian existence. The second aspect was the country's
shortage. Stir-frying small chunks of food over a hot s
for short periods
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
of time is far more energythan baking.
Chinese c
art includes six aspects: selection of raw materials,
combination of i
, cutting skills, cooking techniques, s
and
t
.
In terms of cutting skills, the ingredients of a given dish can be cut into slices,
s
, shreds, c
, segments, d
, grains, or m
.
In terms of temperature, different ingredients require different cooking times and
temperatures so that they can be h
,s
,c
, or t
.
Over thirty techniques are used, including deep-frying, quick,
-frying, r
, sauteing, s
,b
, smoking, steaming, and
stewing.
Most travelers can go to China with the expectation of being served h
,
p
, well-prepared dishes.
Unit Five
Focus:
Text B
Table-Manners and Types of Eating-Places in China
Expressions and Patterns to Review:
Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences the missing letters, words or
phrases. Make the sentences below both complete and correct by using the clues
from the text or other sources.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
In hotels, one or more fixed-price h
dinners are available as well as a
range of Western and Chinese aselections. Many newer hotels now
offer b
for breakfast and lunch.
Eating at a local restaurant is highly r
, both for a
as
well as for greater a
in their preparations, especially of local and
regional fare, and for their wider array of o
.
When dinner is ready, the host will preside, sitting at a h
table ( Chinese
tradition dictates that the seat of
faces the d
. ), with the
highest-ranking guests ( i.e., the delegation's leaders ) arranged to his left and
right.
A well-balanced m
will contain, at a minimum, the five basic
of
Chinese cuisine ( sour, hot,
, sweet, and salty ). Dishes alternate between
crisp and tender, dry and heavily sauced. Soup is usually served after the
c
.
Regional and local dishes and s
are available in localities; even foreign
cuisines and f
food are e
.
Unit Six Text A
Focus:
History, Types and Functions of Chinese Tea
Expressions and Patterns to Review:
Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences the missing letters, words or
phrases. Make the sentences below both complete and correct by using the clues
from the text or other sources.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
There are the first seven things to start with when a day begins---oil, salt,
f
, rice, soy sauce,
, and t
."
As a matter of fact, tea, as one of China's specialties and traditional exports, is the
most popular
for the Chinese, just as c
for Americans.
As early as in the Western Han Dynasty, there already existed some booming tea
trade f
and m
in
is now Sichuan, and tea-drinking
activities appeared in diverse ways in the daily life of the l
people.
The growth of tea requires proper c
and
conditions.
Climatically, tea
grow well where it is warm and
. The
temperature must be neither too hot nor too
. As for soil conditions, the
pH
should range between 4.5 and 6, i.e. a
. On the other hand, the
land where tea is grown has to be well-drained.
Numerous kinds of tea are
in teahouses, such as black tea, j
tea,
Wulong ( fermented ) tea, g
tea, brick tea and, more recently, f
tea.
People enjoy drinking tea not only for q
thirst and overcoming
but also for helping d
.
Although originated in
, tea-making, as a kind of
art,
prevails in all aspects of Japanese life, exerting a great effect on Japanese
c
.
The tea-making art r
to tea-drinking methods and rules, which, with the
development of human knowledge of tea as well as the p
of
tea-drinking activities in ordinary life, have grown into a s
tea-drinking
formula e
with a particular cultural c
.
It is said that a cup of tea would do
to one who has been s
with
fat. Still, tea is known to be rich in various
, notably Vc. Tea can be
used as an anti
, too.
As tea's
, Sichuan has produced a variety of famous tea over the past
centuries. Other places, like Zhejinag and
their tea-growing.
, for example, are also n
for
Unit Six Text B
Focus:
Silk Production, Sericulture and Story of Silk-Road of China
Expressions and Patterns to Review:
Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences the missing letters, words or
phrases. Make the sentences below both complete and correct by using the clues
from the text or other sources.
1. Modern Chinese silk-m
centers are situated in
China, such
as Shanghai, Hangzhou ( Zhejiang ), Suzhou, ( Jingsu ), Fushan ( Guangdong )
and Nanchong ( Sichuan ). Also, silk products, especially
silk
goods by the Zhuang, the Dai and other m
boast unique ethnic styles
of their own.
2. The three greatest
in China are Shu Brocade ( Sichuan ), Yun
Brocade ( Nanjing ) and Song Brocade ( Suzhou ). In addition to
,
satin, e
and tapestry are famous traditional Chinese silk crafts, too.
3. It is a very fine, light, l
and d
f
first spun by the
and then made into a fabric by humans. It is the strongest
natural
, just being paralleled with the strongest artificial fiber
.
Also it has the advantages of being s
to the t
, resistant to heat, and
b
very well.
4. Silkworms are d
,v
, hungry c
and heavy sleepers.
5. The Silk Road, a world-famous t
and e
channel extended
from Chang'an, the then capital of China and the Weihe River in Central China
w
past the Hexi
and the present Xinjiang, across
mountains and d
, all the way to the
Sea with such
destinations as Damascus, Istanbul, Cairo, and Rome.
Unit Seven
Focus:
Text A
Typpes and Development of China’s Transportation
Expressions and Patterns to Review:
Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences the missing letters, words or
phrases. Make the sentences below both complete and correct by using the clues
from the text or other sources.
1. Shorter inter-city e
, trips by
travelers and by travelers
who can a
time or/and want to s
money are by train.
2. Either c
in
boat travels can be one of the most pleasant and
exciting ways to travel in China, although it will naturally take a bit longer to get
any place by this m
.
3. At i
airports, there are duty-free stores,
houses,
i
sections, airport hotels, a
baggage handling, and other
modern facilities.
4. For CAAC flight r
,b
travelers must purchase their tickets
either through major travel
like CITS ( China International Travel
Service ) and s
hotels or through local flight ticket
.
5. Generally, for long-distance travel, en
, professionals, officials
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
and
people more often take the
, whereas lower-middle
and lower classes tend to
on the train or the bus.
In most Chinese cities, there exists a very convenient
system: urban
buses, trolleys and double. Some metropolises even boast trams and
s
. Taxis are
in Chinese cities and some towns.
In China, trains are divided into " hard seat " and "
seat " coaches and
"
" and " soft " s
, with the " soft " categories. On long-distance
trains there are sleeping coaches r
of European
.
So, if you
your trip as a chance to m
with the
Chinese,
or simply wish to save
, you could choose either of the hard categories.
There is always a c
as to the class of travel. You can choose " special
e
", " d
express " or " slow " trains.
There are
types of long-distance
: large, air-conditioned c
;
and crowded,
public buses.
Unit Seven
Focus:
Text B
Development and Status Quo of China’s Post and Telecommunications
Expressions and Patterns to Review:
Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences the missing letters, words or
phrases. Make the sentences below both complete and correct by using the clues
from the text or other sources.
1. Telex, f , e-mail, cables, m
phones , IDD ( international direct dial ) and
other postal and
services are available for business
transactions.
2. Letters, postcards, cables and p
are usually handled in
offices.
3. In China, post o
are government-run, whereas telecommunications
s
are being reformed on a b
of m
-economy.
4. In cities and some towns, road
phone-booths and pay phone stalls are
everywhere. One could use all kinds of pre-paid phone c
or
phone
stalls for telephone calls.
5. More and more people are fond of using phone calls, faxes, I
and
erather than letters and postcards to communicate with each other.
Nowadays, Internet bars are popular places, for t
in particular, to get on
and play
.
Unit Eight Text A
Focus:
Introduction to Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism and Islam in China
Expressions and Patterns to Review:
Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences the missing letters, words or
phrases. Make the sentences below both complete and correct by using the clues
from the text or other sources.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
In China, formal religion was w
into the total f
of life. An eminent
Chinese sociologist once remarked that religion in China is d
rather
than in
.
Although there are a number of active m
, shrines, t
, and
churches in China today, religious practice is not c
to them.
Chinese religion, generally speaking, is notably d
. The spiritual
roots of Chinese religion are traditionally found in the systems of thought
e
in
,B
, and Daoism.
Strictly speaking, Confucianism is more an e
system than a r
,
and only Daoism is n
to China. However, their common emphasis is on
how to live life in the here-and-now and how the individual can relate
meaningfully and har
to other humans and to
.
There are two types of Buddhism in China: Mahayana ( Big
) Buddhism
that, mainly, the Han people believe in and
( Little Raft ) Buddhism
that such ethnic m
in Yunnan Province as the Dai, Bulang, Achang and
De'ang believe in.
Under the two types are numerous s
, which share the same basic
p
of the religion: The Four
and The Noble
P
and “ nirvana ”.
The word " Dao ", translated as " the
", is the way the u
functions,
the path taken by all natural events. Dao is
way, expressed in
effort
action.
According to Daoism, the c
is a magnitude of
and order. Active
and ever-changing, it is guided by Dao, in which the two elementary p
, yin
and yang, function by r
action.
The harmony between
and nature, and the simple l
by man are
emphasized by Daoism, which asks its believers to be b
, pure, and
not to act in
of other people.
Chinese
live mostly in Northwest China, and their m
diet is
principally confined to
and l
.
Unit Eight Text B
Focus:
Introduction to Christinality and Judaism in China as Well as Features of
China’s Religions
Expressions and Patterns to Review:
Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences the missing letters, words or
phrases. Make the sentences below both complete and correct by using the clues
from the text or other sources.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
comprises three principal divisions: the Roman Catholic Church,
the various
churches and the Holy O
Catholic Apostolic
Eastern Church.
Christianity made four major attempts to enter China. The first was by
the
, who came from P
through the route of the s
trade in
th
the 7 century. The second attempt was headed by Father John Montecdrvino of
Rome in the 13th century. Then came the Jesuit M
R
in the 16th
century, who brought, along with his religion, astronomy, mathematics, and
physics to the Imperial Court. Protestant and Roman C
missionaries
( e. g. Robert Morrison, a British missionary ) came in large numbers during the
19th and the first half of the 20th centuries, almost in parallel with Western
ex
.
A
has a long history in China, and is
with religious beliefs.
There are 12
according to the Chinese l
calendar: Rat,
Ox/Cow, Tiger,
, Dragon, S
, Horse, Goat, M
, Rooster,
Dog and P
.
Records of Jewish settlement in China extend back to the year 950, when 70
families were listed in the city register of
in Henan
Province. Probably originating in Persia, Kaifeng's Jews erected their first
s
there in 1163. In the decades p
to 1949, substantial numbers of
Jewish m
from Russia and Central E
had established
prominent Jewish communities within the foreign s
of Tianjin
and Shanghai.
Travelers to China should look for signs of the s
in the common
c
, the kindness, and the t
of the Chinese people. They should
see the d
in the relationships of people that
across the
generations, in respect for and care of the young and the
within the
family.
Unit Nine Text A
Focus:
The Past and Present of Health Care in China
Expressions and Patterns to Review:
Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences the missing letters, words or
phrases. Make the sentences below both complete and correct by using the clues
from the text or other sources.
1. Medical s
are available to visitors at h
and local c
all major cities and in the countryside.
2. The most common m
afflicting foreign travelers in China are
in
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
r
problems such as head c
, bronchial conditions, and
s
throats mainly because of inadaptation.
Standard antibiotics and medications are available in China, yet, for their
c
on tour, visitors should be sure to p
ample supplies of
prescribed
.
Throughout China, s
conditions are generally acceptable, and medicare
is obtainable. Should an illness require h
, either Western medicine
or Chinese
or both are available.
Following the establishment of the PRC in 1949, a National Health C
in
Beijing set down four basic principles for h
work: s
the
workers, peasants, and soldiers; putting
first;
the
practices of traditional Chinese and Western medicines; and integrating public
health work with
.
Through the " pa
health ca
, " sanitation was improved and
p
such as flies and mosquitoes were largely wiped out. Opium a
was brought to an end and
diseases or STDs ( sexually transmitted
diseases ) were essentially eliminated through mass campaigns.
Mo
health teams brought initial measures of preventive medicine to
i
areas.
As a rule, p
kids receive checkups and i
in health care centers
or k
. Townships have their own hospital f
; each county
has at least one g
hospital.
Hospitals in China's cities r
from these small n
institutions
to technologically s
research and teaching hospitals such as those
a
to Medical School, Beijing University and those attached to Huaxi
Medical Center, Sichuan University.
As a r
, the life
and life q
of the Chinese people have greatly
improved.
Unit Nine Text B
Focus:
Features of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Today’s China
Expressions and Patterns to Review:
Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences the missing letters, words or
phrases. Make the sentences below both complete and correct by using the clues
from the text or other sources.
1. One of the important valuable ideas and views of t
Chinese medicine
is that, rather than t
only the s
, as Western
often
does, it takes into full a
every aspect of a patient's condition to form a
unified idea of it under the theories of yin and yang and the five
before
deciding on its treatment.
2. Diagnoses are made within a complete o
system in which the nature
of s patient's disease is determined by the " four methods of
":
observing the overall way the patient l
, listening to the voice and observing
any o
, asking questions, and feeling the patient's
. Treatment then
proceeds to balance the " eight principal syndromes "---yin and yang, exterior
and
, cold and
, underactivity and
.
3. Based on a complex theoretical system of m
( main and collateral "
channels " ) running over the surface of the body with hundreds of p
along
them related to specific internal o
or functions, both acupuncture and
moxibustion are two distinct therapeutic approaches to curing a variety of
a
.
4. H
medicine and herbal treatments usually have little or no
-effects
compared with Western medicine.
5. There are many other wonderful f
of treatment and secret
r
which are often
down in the locality or in the family. In
addition, exercise is another important element in Chinese health therapy, like
Taiji Boxing and Qigong E
.
Unit Ten
Focus:
Text A
Origin of Archeology, Buddhist Caves and Temples and Museums in China
Expressions and Patterns to Review:
Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences the missing letters, words or
phrases. Make the sentences below both complete and correct by using the clues
from the text or other sources.
1. The science of a
was first introduced to China from
and the
West in the first
of the 20th century. Some of the earliest d
in north
China during the 1920s uncovered villages of the New-Stone Age or the
Age.
2. By 1949, archeology, supported by the government and the
like the
Archeology D
of Beijing University in the north and that of Sichuan
University in the south, took firm h
.
3. Old s
like the Three Gorges area were r
and many new ones such
as Sanxingdui, the site of the
( i.e. Sichuan ) discovered.
4. The gigantic pi
of the
-size Terra-cotta Army, part of the large t
of
the first emperor Qin Shi Huangdi, just
of Xi'an.
5. Vast amounts of hitherto unknown and often u
material have been
uncovered. As a result, the history of China's ancient cultures is being
r
.
6. Most archeological t
are h
in an impressive network of
thousands of m
all over China.
7. Colossal stone B
and animals litter the main e
courtyard along
with Buddhist stele stacked against the enclosure walls.
8. Buddhist t
compounds and c
are places where collections of
objects are likely to be t
away.
9. In the case of Buddhist g
, the Dunhuang Caves or the Dunhuang Museum
contains numerous Buddhist statues, f
and m
.
10. In every part of China, museums, architectural mo
, and archeological
sites e
the richness of over 7,000 years of c
creativity---from
Neolithic times to the present.
Unit Ten
Focus:
Text B
Characteristics of Traditional Architecture (Inluding Buddhist Temples,
Pagodas and Gardens) in China
Expressions and Patterns to Review:
Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences the missing letters, words or
phrases. Make the sentences below both complete and correct by using the clues
from the text or other sources.
1. U
numbers of architectural monuments dot the Chinese landscape, ranging
from temples through g
, mausoleums, p
, imperial palaces to
bridges and r
houses.
2. Southeast of the city of Shijiazhuang in Zhao Xian stands the handsome Anji
( Zhaozhouqiao in Chinese ) built in the
Dynasty ( c. 605 AD ),
famous for its daring c
, structure, and elegance. This single
bridge is 50 m. long and constructed with 700 tons of stone. Original
r
carvings of dragons piercing clouds and monster masks are p
in
a nearby museum.
3. Metal n
, screws and h
were never used in ancient Chinese buildings
and houses, which were built of the inter
w
frame supported by
columns and p
. The Temple of Heaven in Beijing is a convincing
e
.
4. Kaifeng used to offer an undisturbed atmosphere of old houses,
c
streets, and t
roofs.
5. In China, there are imperial, p
, and l
gardens represented by
Beihai Park, the Summer Palace and the Imperial Garden of the F
City
in Beijing; Lion Grove, the Garden for Lingering In, and the
Administrator's Garden in S
and the ten West Lake scenes in Hangzhou
r
.
Part II 第二部分
This part focuses upon the common sense of tourism and the practices of
language skills related to the facts about tourism ( esp. speaking, hearing and
writing ).
Unit One Text A
Focus:
How to give and understand a lecture
Complete the following sentences orally with your knowledge and imagination:
… and …, may I have your attention, please?
I feel honored to… …
Please do not hesitate to… …
The three basic elements of tourism are: …, … and ….
The tourist media include …, … and ….
Compared with “ travel ”, “ tourism ” focuses much on the purposes of …and …
or ….
7. Thomas Cook … …
8. International tourism began … …
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Unit One Text B
Focus:
Knowledge about English Descriptions of World Travel ( the Mediterranean
Area and New York)
Read aloud the expressions below:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
the cradle of Western civilization
Do I make sense?
just to mention a few
airport terminals
a paradise on earth
a wonderfully balanced climate
to time-machine sb. back through the centuries
Past and present meet each other in Beijing.
Unit Two Text A
Focus:
How to make and understand a dialogue in a travel agency
Complete the following sentences orally with your knowledge and imagination:
1. I am thinking about… …
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Children … … go for half price, but they are not allowed to … ….
Does this price include … …?
Shall we have to take along … … in case of … …?
A … … is quite enough.
Two …, one …. that’ll come to … … yuan.
Please be sure to … ….
I’d like to … ….
Unit Two Text B
Focus:
Knowledge about Travel Service
Read aloud the expressions below:
1. international norms ( international practices )
2. The three biggest pillars of the tourist industry are: the tourist, the tourist
resources and the tourist media.
3. tourist attractions
4. tourist destinations
5. a travel agency
6. independent travel
7. travel supermarkets
8. repeated business
Unit Three Text A
Focus:
How to make and understand a dialogue in a hotel
Complete the following sentences orally with your knowledge and imagination:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
We have single rooms, … ….
The facilities of our hotel include … ….
How do you like …?
How many … are you going to stay here?
We need … … for the forms to … ….
Are … … acceptable?
Where can we book tour tickets to … ….
Over there, near the left gate, there is … ….
Unit Three Text B
Focus:
Knowledge about Tourist Hotel
Skills of how to make a welcome speech
Read aloud the expressions below:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Feel at home.
A home from home.
the hospitality industry ( the accommodation industry; the hotel industry )
Relax and refresh yourself.
the commercial hotel; the resident hotel; the convention hotel; the resort hotel or
sanatoria; the motel; the youth hostel or the guest house
6. star hotels; non-star hotels; expensive hotels; cheap hostels
7. “ Gold Key ” and “ Silver Key ” Programs
8. the Housekeeping Department; the Catering Department; the PR & Sales
Department; the Financial Department; the Human Resources & Training
Department; the Engineering Department
Unit Four Text A
Focus:
How to make and understand a dialogue in a restaurant
Complete the following sentences orally with your knowledge and imagination:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Welcome to … ….
Do you have a table for …, just by the …?
Let me help you with … ….
What would you like for your …?
A la carte or … …?
I’d like to recommend to you … ….
Would you care for … ….?
Are you ready to … …?
Unit Four Text B
Focus:
Knowledge about Settling Accounts at a Restaurant
Read aloud the expressions below:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
to settle accounts
the itemized bill
Here are your change and receipt.
Please keep the change.
You may pay your bill over the cashier’s counter.
Let’s have a Dutch treat.
Separate bills or one bill?
Waiter, bring me the bill, please.
Unit Five
Focus:
Text A
How to make and understand a dialogue in a flight
Complete the following sentences orally with your knowledge and imagination:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Welcome aboard … ….
Your seat is on … ….
Our flight is going to … ….
No smoking is … ….
It’ll take ( time ) to do sth. …
On behalf of … …, I’d like to … ….
Today’s temperature is … ….
We’ll serve sth. about half an hour later.
Unit Five
Focus:
Text B
Brief History about Travel by Land and by Water
Read aloud the expressions below:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
beasts of burden
mass transportation; public transportation
a car rental agency
mass travel; transcontinental travel
inland waterways; coastal sea routes
This kind of plane can cover longer distances than other sorts.
deluxe cruisers; pleasure-boats; luxurious ocean-lines; coach buses; private cars;
tour trains
8. flight phobia
Unit Six Text A
Focus:
How to guide tourists in English at a scenic spot
Complete the following sentences orally with your knowledge and imagination:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Here we are at the entrance to … ….
… … is located ( situated ) … ….
The geographic coordinate of Chengdu City is … … north and … … east.
… … is most famous for … ….
This region is very suitable for … inhabitation and subsistence in terms of … ….
What is the best season to … ….
That’s why … ….
8. As a matter of fact, … ….
Unit Six Text B
Focus:
Knowledge about Mt. E’mei, Jiuzhaigou Valley, Leshan and Bamboo Park
and English Descriptions about Them
Read aloud the expressions below:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
above sea level
the most beautiful mountain under heaven
the four sacred Buddhist mountains
a national Daoist sanctuary
to practise religious rites
the disciples of Sakyamuni
Mt. E’mei is worth visiting for its natural beauty and Buddhist culture.
So far as wildlife is concerned, Mt. E’mei is a rich natural museum.
Unit Seven
Focus:
Text A
How to guide tourists in English at a historical site
Complete the following sentences orally with your knowledge and imagination:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Here we are at … ….
… … is ( are ) honored as … ….
Fir this reason, … ….
The poet ( novelist, painter, musician, etc. ) took refuge in … and sojourned here
for … years.
The present buildings are extensions upon … ….
… … conferred the title of “ … ” upon … ….
May I take photos of … … here?
We can easily detect the traces of … ….
Unit Seven
Focus:
Text B
Knowledge about Marquis Wu Shrine, Yongling Mausoleum and London
and English Descriptions about Them
Read aloud the expressions below:
1. The Marquis Wu Shrine is the memorial shrine of Zhuge Liang, a celebrated
military strategist of the Shu Kingdom.
2. The tablet is reputed as “ The Three Consummation Tablet ”.
3. The Liu Bei Hall comes in sight after one steps into the second gate.
4. civil officials and warriors
5. a gold-plated statue
6. Inside and outside the hall hang a dozen couplets and tablets eulogizing Zhuge
Liang’s great feats.
7. the southern expedition; the southern inspection
8. The red-wall lane comes into view.
Unit Eight Text A
Focus:
How to guide tourists in English in a city tour
Complete the following sentences orally with your knowledge and imagination:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Allow me to … ….
As you may or may not know, … ….
Chengdu is abundant in … … and well-known for … ….
… … was built in memory of … ….
I hear ( I’m told ) that … ….
… … is named after … ….
Actions must be taken to … …. ( Measures must be taken to … …. )
There is still much to be desired for … ….
Unit Eight Text B
Focus:
Knowledge about Tokyo, Paris and Scandinavia and English Descriptions
about Them
Read aloud the expressions below:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Tokyo is one of the commercial, economic and financial hubs in the world.
a bustling metropolitan city
Most people commute to and from their workplaces by bicycle.
outlying areas
Guangzhou is the gateway to the south of China.
The network of Japan’s railroads fans out from Tokyo Central Station.
megapolis; cosmopolis
Skyscrapers have sprung up.
Unit Nine Text A
Focus:
How to guide tourists in English while shopping
Complete the following sentences orally with your knowledge and imagination:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
I’m just wondering what ( why, where, etc. ) … ….
There’s a great variety of … ….
If I were you, I would … ….
What do you think of …?
I don’t think … … is right for you. I mean it is too … for you.
It’s kind of you to … ….
By the way, … ….
Can I try … … on?
Unit Nine Text B
Focus:
Knowledge about Shopping in Hong Kong, Macao and New Orleans and
English Descriptions about Them
Skills of how to make a welfare address
Read aloud the expressions below:
1. free ports; duty-free goods
2. Some peddlers and vendors with their stalls or stands are always trying to push
some small articles and gadgets to tourists.
3. Hong Kong’s principal draw for tourists has been the bargains offered in its
shops.
4. You can find just about anything, if you hunt hard enough.
5. an antiquated Edward-style building
6. the mixture of antiquity and modernity
7. at reasonable prices
8. If you shop there, you could be burned in more ways than one.
Unit Ten
Focus:
Text A
How to make a goodbye dialogue with tourists
Complete the following sentences orally with your knowledge and imagination:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
I feel it so hard to … ….
I share … ….
We have had a perfect holiday: … ….
We feel so grateful to you for … ….
If time allows, we’ll … ….
I just cannot wait to … …!
Personally, … ….
I have wanted to … … for long.
Unit Ten
Focus:
Text B
Knowledge about Australia and New Zealand and English Descriptions
about Them
Introduction to Tourism in Future
Read aloud the expressions below:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
at the dawn of a second Golden Age of travel
to go global
She has fulfilled her long-cherished dream.
leisure curiosity
The younger generation armed with the guide book Lonely Planet have begun
roaming afield.
6. an echo of the past
7. the sweep of technological change, the tearing down of political barriers and the
rapid decline in costs
8. In the era of renewed values, the travel boom is impending.
注： 本教材的 Part I（第一部分）Text A 和 Text B 的填空练习的答案以及 Part I 和
Part II（第一、 二部分）的全部汉译英翻译练习的参考译文如下:
填空练习的答案:
PART I
Unit One Text A
1．
2．
3．
4．
5．
listed; 1.3; billion
home; out; of
multinational ( multi-ethnic ); nationalities; majority
encourages; autonomy
scattered; sparsely-settled ( sparsely-populated
( mountainous )
6． autonomous; minorities
7． exempted; birth; control
8． civilization ( culture ); endured ( lasted );
);
border;
mountain
9． paper; printing; gunpowder; compass; reaching
10．favorably; outshone ( overshadowed )
Unit One Text B
1. adjusting ( adapting; accommodating ); lifestlye; cuisine ( food )
2. struck ( impressed ); modernization ( modernity ); simplicity
3. mixture ( combination ); traditional ( typical ); indoor; amenities; facilities;
appliances
4. expansion ( development ); transit ( transportation ); majority
5. refers; degree; security ( stability ); performance
Unit Two Text A
1.
Shang; Dynasty; Eastern; Autumn; Warring; Qin; Dynasty; Eastern Han;
Northern; Sui; Dynasty; Song; Yuan; Qing; People’s
2. tortoise; oracle; bones
3. hierarchy; prefectures; counties; Great; Wall;
4. measures; written; Confucian; Confucian; scholars
5. Han; Buddhism
6. Tang; Asia
7. movable; type; compass
8. Grand; relay; Marco; Polo; missionaries; Khal; Buluc
9. economically; West; internal; rebellions; external
10. civilization; reaches; Yangtze; source
Unit Two Text B
1. northern; eastern; East
2. Korea; Vietnam; Laos; Myanmar; India; Nepal; Afghanistan; Russia; Tajikstan;
Mongolia; Japan
3. administrative; economic; Xiamen
4. topography; west; east; barriers; west; arid; deserts; rain
5. Intensive; heavy; maximum ( most )
Unit Three Text A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
continuous ( uninterrupted; unbroken ); boasts
Opium; humiliating
written; medium; continuity ( continuation )
characters; standardized; Qin
Calligraphy; painting; brush
Confucian; history
draw; lessons
8. absorbed; assimilated
9. saw ( witnessed ); up
10. historian; Virtues; evils
Unit Three Text B
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
heritage; performing
Ming; poetry; acrobatics; scholar; warrior; female; clown
Spring; Lantern; Dragon; Boat; Mid-Autumn
puppet; theatrical
Indoor; chess; playing
Unit Four Text A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
dazzling; antiques; snuff; cut
liquor; sacrifices; ancestral; spirits
vigorous; Central; nomads; realistic
Realism; Han; Dynasty ( Period )
westward; Persia
dragons; symbolizing ( showing ); elements ( forces )
will; rain; earth; dragon; emblem
brocades; embroidery; Silk; Asia; Roman
Daoism; Buddhism; nature
moral; teachings; breakdown ( fall; decline ); Confucianism
Unit Four Text B
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
tri-colored; glazed; fruition; Song
exclusivity; paintings; painting
Yuan; Dynasty ( Period ); restraint; decorative
West; Ming
celadon; perfection ( peak ); court
Unit Five Text A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
cuisines; pungent; non-greasiness; light; seasoning; sweetness
Muslim; vegetarian
recipes; laboratory; creative;
flavorous; delicious; shapeable
religion; unison ( harmony ); chronic ( long-term ); fuel; stove; efficient ( saving )
culinary ( cooking ); ingredients; seasoning; temperature;
strips; cubes; dices; minced
hard; soft; crisp; tender
frying; stir; roasting; simmering; braising
10. healthful; palatable
Unit Five Text B
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
house; a-la-carte; buffets
recommended; atmosphere; authenticity; offerings
head; honor; door
menu; tastes; bitter; main; courses
snacks; fast; existent
Unit Six Text A
1. firewood; vinegar; tea
2. beverage ( drink; brew ); coffee
3. fairs; markets; what; local
4. climatic; soil; bushes; humid ( wet ); cold; value; acidic
5. served; jasmine; green; fruit
6. quenching; fatigue; digestion
7. China; tea-sipping; culture
8. refers; popularization; systematic; endowed; connotation
9. good; stuffed; vitamins; antiseptic
10. birthplace ( cradle ); Fujian; noted
Unit Six Text B
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
manufacturing ( making ); South; hand-made; minorities
brocades; brocade; embroidery
lustrous; durable; fiber; silkworm; fiber; nylon; soft; touch; breathing
delicate; vulnerable; creatures
trade; exchange; westward; Corridor; deserts; Mediterranean
Unit Seven
Text A
1. excursions; experienced ( mature ); afford; save
2. coastal; inland; means
3. international; customs; immigration; automated
4. reservations; backpacking ( independent ); agencies ( services ); star; offices
5. entrepreneurs; well-to-do ( wealthy; rich ); plane ( flight ); ride ( travel )
6. transit; deckers; subways; available ( obtainable; existent );
7. soft; hard; sleepers; reminiscent; trains
8. view ( regard; consider; see ); mingle; average ( ordinary; common ); money
9. choice; express; direct
10. two; buses; cruisers ( coaches ); open-air
Unit Seven
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Text B
fax; mobile; telecommunications
parcels ( packages ); post
offices; services; basis; markets
roadside; cards; pay
Internet; e-mail; teenagers; online; games
Unit Eight Text A
1. woven; fabric; diffused; institutionalized
2. mosques; temples; confined
3. down-to-earth; embodied ( expressed ); Confucianism; Buddhism
4. ethical; religion; native; harmoniously; nature
5. Raft; Hinayana; minorities
6. sects; principles; Noble; Truths; Eight-Fold; Path
7. way; universe; nature’s; less
8. cosmos; harmony; poles; reciprocal
9. man; living; benevolent; advance;
10. Moslems; meat; beef; lamb
Unit Eight Text B
1. Christianity; Protestant; Orthodox
2. Nestorians; Persia; silk; Matteo; Ricci; Catholic
3. Astrology; integrated ( combined ); zodiac; signs; lunar; Rabbit; Snake; Monkey;
Pig
4. Jewish; Kaifeng; synagogue; prior; migrants; Europe; settlements
5. sacred; courtesy; tenderness; divine; cut; aged ( old )
Unit Nine Text A
1. services; hospitals; clinics
2. maladies; respiratory; colds; sore
3. convenience; pack ( prepare ); medications ( medicine )
4. sanitary; hospitalization; medicine
5. Congress; health; serving; prevention; coordinating; mass; movement
6. patriotic; campaigns; pests; addiction; venereal
7. Mobile; isolated
8. preschool; inoculations; kindergartens; facilities; general
9. range; neighborhood; sophisticated; attached
10. result; span; quality
Unit Nine Text B
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
traditional; treat; symptoms; medicine; account; elements
observational; diagnosis; looks; odor; pulse; interior; heat; overactivity
meridians; points; organs; ailments
Herbal; side
folkways; recipes; handed; Exercises
Unit Ten
Text A
1. archeology; Japan; half; digs; Neolithic
2. universities; Department; hold
3. sites; reworked; ancient; Shu
4. pits; life; tumulus ( tomb ); outside
5. unprecedented; rewritten
6. treasures; housed; museums
7. Buddhas; entrance
8. temples; caves; tucked
9. grottoes; frescoes; manuscripts
10. monuments; evidence; continuous
Unit Ten
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Text B
Untold; gardens; pagodas ( pavilions ); residential
Bridge; Sui; conception; arch; relief; preserved
nails; hinges; laced; wood; pillars; example
cobblestone; thatched
private; landscape; Forbidden; Humble; Suzhou; respectively
汉译英翻译练习的参考译文:
PART I
Unit One Text A
China is a populous and multinational country. One out of every five persons
in the world is China. In the country, the Han is the majority nationality, which
accounts for 93% of the total population. The remaining 7% are distributed
among 55 minority nationalities that reside in the vast sparsely-settled border
regions, mountain and forest areas as well as highlands. China’s national policy
encourages cultural continuity and political and economic autonomy in the areas
of minorities, exempting the latter from her stringent birth control program. In
China, minority nationalities and the Han people share the same rights. Over the
past five decades years, great changes have taken place in the areas of minorities.
Unit Two Text A
Chinese civilization, one of the four oldest civilizations on earth, is the mere
uninterrupted one man has ever known. It boasts a recorded history of 5,000
years. In the 5,000 years, Chinese people made great contributions to the whole
world. Their Confucianism, Daoism, Zen Buddhism, poetry, prose, novel, opera,
astronomy, calendar, ancient architecture, traditional medicine and
pharmacology, compass, gunpowder, paper-making, printing, silk, porcelain and
tea left indelible marks on many nations, esp. China’s neighbors. Not until the
modern times did China begin to lag behind the Western powers for some
reasons. However, in the second half of the 20th c., China started to wake up. Not
the “ Sleeping Lion ” nor the “ Sick Man of East Asia ” any more, he is now
facing reality and working hard for his prosperity and powerfulness. Today’s
China is no longer a nation that can be neglected.
Unit Three Text A
Of all cultures, Chinese culture is one of the most distinctive. As regards the
origin of the Chinese nation and culture, there are different views. In the light of
a conventional assertion, the Chinese nation originated from the lower and
middle reaches of the Yellow River from the Spring & Autumn Period and the
Period of Warring States on. On the other hand, from the 17th c. on, when the
Western Europe began to know China, some people believed Egypt to be the
source of the Chinese nation and culture. Later on, others thought West Asia,
Central Asia, South Asia or Southeast Asia or even Siberia or Mongolia to be the
sources. Still, there exists an assumption made by some foreign scholars that
Chinese culture grew out of the native culture on the Chinese soil. However, the
abundant unearthed fossils of apemen and their distinctive physical features
show that China used to be the homeland of the Mongoloid, some of whom had
probably moved out of China in the millions of years of evolution. Yet, the
Mongoloid were the earliest settlers there. Born and bred in the land of China,
Chinese culture has assimilated many foreign elements over the past centuries,
but it still maintains unity and continuity of its own tradition.
Unit Four Text A
1.
Celadon ( Green porcelain ) is the most widespread type of ancient
Chinese porcelains. The glaze is the characteristic green tone of the porcelain,
which occurs due to the presence of iron in the clay during the firing process.
Celadon made its first debut during the Han Dynasty ( 209 B.C.-220A.D. ).
It was not until the Tang ( 618-907 A.D. ) that the art of making celadon
matured. It reached its zenith in the area of Hangzhou in the Song Dynasty
( 960-1279 A.D. ). Through the efforts of Chinese and Arab travelers and
businessmen, large quantities of top-quality celadon found their way into West
Asia, Egypt and Europe.
2.
Cloisonné is one of China’s treasures. It was popular as far back as in the
years of the reign of Emperor Jingtai of the Ming Dynasty ( 1368-1644 A.D. ).
As blue enamel was primarily used, it was termed “ Jingtai Blue ”. The
making of cloisonné enamelware requires an elaborate and complicated
process. It is beautiful and elegant in moulding, splendid and graceful in
design and dazzling and brilliant colors of pale blue, dark blue, light gray, red,
yellow, green, brown, black and white. Varieties available include vases, jars,
ash-trays, bowls, plates, dishes, etc.. The cloisonné enamelware produced by
Beijing Cloisonné Enamelware Factory enjoys a high reputation both at home
and abroad, and is sold to almost every part of the world.
Unit Five Text A
Sichuan gourmet, as a cultural and artistic messenger of the “ Land of
Abundance ”, has spread to Japan, Thailand, Nepal, America, Canada, Brazil,
Europe, South Africa, etc.. It is ubiquitous in the world. Such praises to Sichuan
cuisine as “ Delicious food in China yet wonderful taste in Sichuan ”, “ The
unparalleled gourmet on earth ”, and “ The essence of China’s 5,000-year-long
civilization ” can be heard in Southeast Asia, Europe and the Americas. As
Chinese, esp. Sichuanese, we cannot help but feel happy and proud. It is true that
it remains a tough task and requires our long-term joint effort to set up the
scientific system of the Chinese cuisine, to carry on and innovate the culinary
techniques of Sichuan food, to combine the cooking techniques with modern
science and to turn Sichuan food into a more healthful and nutritional diet.
Unit Six Text A
With its history of thousands of years, Chinese tea-culture has been
influenced by the orthodox ideological trinity of Confucianism, Buddhism and
Daoism. In ancient times of China, people pursued, appreciated and created
tea-sipping as an artistic activity, because tea-sipping, in their eyes, could show
pursuers’ accomplishment, give them spiritual sustenance and help them achieve
self-actualization. That is the reason why “ elegance ” becomes the essence of the
traditional Chinese tea-culture.
As a subculture, the Sichuan teahouse constitutes a component part of
Chinese tea-culture. Despite a place for people of all classes, it is, in most cases,
visited by the “ lowbrow ” people. The bustling and hustling teahouse, with its
rough and sloppy customers and multifarious occurrences, is dominated by the
“ philistine taste ” and the “ vulgar ” subculture. And this “ vulgarity ” is secular,
local and folksy!
Unit Seven
Text A
To foreigners who tour or live in Chinese cities or towns ( except mountain
cities and towns ), the bicycle is a very practical and cheap means of transport.
In such huge cities as Beijing and Chengdu, there are quite a few bicycle rentals
with reasonable prices.
Like ordinary Chinese, you can go almost anywhere by bike to do whatever
you want, like working, shopping, sightseeing and visiting. Besides, you can also
get a personal feel of rubbing shoulders with common people. In fact, in
congested metropolitan cities in China, riding a bicycle appears to be more
time-efficient, money-saving and convenient. This is the reason why many people
in China choose bicycles. But, you have to observe the traffic rules and pay
attention to safety, or else you’ll get fined for your violation, or get injured or
even killed because of road accidents.
Unit Eight Text A
Buddhism, Christianity and Islam are known as the three greatest religions
in the world. The basic principles of Buddhism are the Four Noble Truths and
the Noble Eight-Fold Path. From the second half of the third century on,
Buddhism began to spread out of Ancient India, growing into a global religion,
which moulded many sects of different national characteristics in other countries.
In general, Buddhism that came into present-day Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand,
Cambodia, Laos and the regions where China’s Dai live is dominated by
Hinayana ( Little Raft ), whereas Buddhism that came into China’s Tibet and
Inner Mongolia and Russia’s Siberia is referred to as Lamaism. In 2 B.C.,
Buddhism started to spread into the hinterland of China during the Western
Han Dynasty ( 206 B.C.-9 A.D. ), but it is usually considered that the year 67 A.D.
during the Eastern Han Dynasty ( 25-220 A.D. ) is the period when Buddhism
was formally transmitted into China because of the introduction of Buddhist
Scriptures. Form then on, the principles of Buddhism became intertwined with
the traditional ethics and the native religion of China, and China-type Buddhist
took shape.
Unit Nine Text A
In the old China ( before 1949 ), there existed a widespread shortage of
medicare and medication, particularly in the rural and isolated areas. At that
time, quite a few epidemics like typhoid, small pox and TB were prevalent. These
diseases, coupled with poverty and wars, made the lifespan of the Chinese much
shorter than that of Westerners. Hence, the Chinese were distained by
Westerners as “ the Sick Men of East Asia ”.
After the founding of New China, the Party and the government attached
great importance to the physical and mental health of the people by making a
series of policies and adopting many measures to foster the development of
medicare and health care. For instance, since 1949, lots of medical networks have
been set up nationwide, from small clinics in the country to neighborhood
hospitals in cities, from county center hospitals to regional center hospitals and
sizable, modernized hospitals in metropolises. In addition, some medical colleges
and universities and institutes have sprung up. In the isolated and mountainous
regions, barefoot doctors who have received a short-term professional training
have become the backbones of the medical services in the countryside. As a result,
a number of epidemics which were so common previously have vanished, and the
lifespan of the Chinese has been prolonged. Now, the Chinese people are leading
a healthy and happy life.
Unit Ten
Text A
As one of the cradles of human civilizations, China boasts rich world-famous
historical-cultural heritages, such as the Longmeng Grottoes in Luoyang, the Dazu Rock-cut
Buddhas in Chongqing, the Terra-cotta Army in Xi’an, the Dunhuang Caves in Gansu, and
the Imperial Palace, the Temple of Heaven, the Summer Palace, the Great Wall and the
Ming Tombs in Beijing, but to list a few.
In addition, China boasts numerous revolutionary-cultural relics as well as unique
regional landscapes and ethnic customs. In general, historical-cultural monuments are
mainly distributed in the eastern part, the southern part, the northwestern part and the
northeastern part of the country, and regional landscapes and ethnic customs are centered in
the southwest and the northwest, while revolutionary sites and revolutionary-cultural relics
are concentrated in former revolutionary regions and major cities.
Many of China’s historical-cultural monuments are characterized by religious cultures.
In China, there exist numerous Buddhist, Taoist and Islamic mountain sanctuaries and holy
places, temples, palaces, pagodas, caves, grottoes, frescoes and the like. Take Buddhism for
example. There are the four biggest Buddhist mountains: the Wutai Mountain, the Putuo
Mountain, the E’mei Mountain and the Jiuhua Mountain; the eight biggest Buddhist
temples such as the Shaolin Temple, the Guoqing Temple, the Qixia Temple, the Donglin
Temple and the Ci’en Temple; and the four biggest Buddhist grottoes: the Mogao, the
Yungang, the Longmeng and the Maijishan. Besides, there are more than 3,000 Buddhist
stone pagodas and innumerable Buddhist steles and statues.
PART II
Unit One Text A
From historical records we learn that the tourism of 3,000 years ago and the tourism we
know today have much in common. That is to say, tourist services include accommodation,
catering, guiding, souvenir shopping and so on offered to tourists. The prototypes of such
tourist services as mentioned above can be traced back to ancient times, and began to appear
with earliest travel activities.
The earlier form of leisure tour dates from the periods of the Babylonian Empire and
the Egyptian Empire. In the 6th century B.C., a “ Relics Museum ” in Babylon once opened
to the public. During the same period, Egyptians observed various religious festivals, which
attracted not only zealous believers but also visitors who came to the historical cities there to
sightsee the well-known architectural and art treasures. Approximately at the same time,
particularly in the 3rd century B.C., Greek tourists started to travel out to visit the holy
places where gods resided. However, most of what we know about earliest tourism derives
from the works of Herodotus, the Greek historian, who is reputed as the first writer of
travels in the world. And the most renowned travelogue in the modern times of China is
Travels of Old Can by Liu E, a writer of the Qing period.
Unit Two Text A
1.
The Dujiangyan Irrigation System ( thereafter “ Dujiangyan ”), situated in
Dujiangyan City, about 40 km westward away from Chengdu, Sichuan, China, is a
world-famous giant water conservancy works with a history of 2,256 years. In 256 B.C., Li
Bing, the governor of Shu County of the Qin State during the period of Warring States
( 475-221 B.C. ), learned the experiences from his predecessors in harnessing rivers and
led the local people in building up in the middle of the Mingjiang River the Dujiangyan
Dam---a water conservancy project with the double functions of flood control and
irrigation.
Dujiangyan embodies the diligence and wisdom of the laboring people in ancient
China. It consists of three major parts: Yuzui ( Literally “ Fish Mouth ” because of its
shape ), Feisha Dam ( Literally “Overflowing Spillway ” because of its function ) and
Baopingkou ( Literally “ Precious Bottle-Neck ” because of its shape ). Yuzui, a water
diversion embankment in the middle of the Mingjiang River, divides the violent river into
two: the Inner River and the Outer River. The Inner River conducts water for irrigation
while the Outer River is used to divert floods. Feisha Dam functions as the regulator of
water volume. Baopingkou is designed to control the flow of incomimg water. The small
hill separated from the Yulei Mountain is called “ Separated Hill ”.
The accomplishment of Dujiangyan brought Chengdu Plain the water conservancy
installations of anti-drought and flood control. Since then, it has provided the favorable
conditions for the economic and cultural development of the Chengdu area and made
“ the Land of Abundance ”, the reputable title of Chengdu Plain, worthy of its name.
Thanks to its great contributions over the past two thousand years, Dujiangyan was listed
not long ago by the UNESCO as the World Cultural Heritage.
2.
As one of the four greatest Daoist mountains in China, the Qingcheng Mountain
( Literally “ the Green City Mountain ” because of its quietness, seclusion and vegetation )
stands in the southwest of Dujiangyan City, 50-plus km away from Chengdu, Sichuan,
China. The trip to it is very convenient. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty ( 25-220
A.D. ), Zhang Daolin, founder of Daoism, set up the mandala to preach in the mountain.
Therefore, the Qingcheng Mountain has since become one of the birthplaces Daoism.
The Qingcheng Mountain has been well-known for its Daoist temples and scenic
spots in it, the most famous of which are Jianfu ( Establishment of Happiness ) Temple,
Tianshi ( Daoist Master ) Temple, Zushi ( original founders ) Temple, Shangqing
Temple, Jinbian Cliffs and Mount Shisun. Tianshi Temple dates back to the years
( 605-617 A.D. ) of the reign of Emperor Daye of the Sui Dynasty, and is named after
Daoist Master Zhang for his preaching there. It is said that the age-old gingko tree in
the temple was planted by him. There the esteemed portrait of the Master can be found.
Most of other temples were built in the Tang Dynasty ( 618-907 A.D. ).
The Qingcheng Mountain is not only the pilgrimage sanctuary for Daoists but also
the good place for secular visitors who come to appreciate the calligraphy, paintings,
inscriptions and steles by ancient literati and to enjoy the beauty of nature. Peaks
covered with luxuriant green trees rise one higher than another and shape like a city
wall, hence the name “ the Green City Mountain ”. Shangqing Temple, built in the Jin
Dynasty ( 265-420 A.D. ), sits on the top of the mountain, which is 1,600 meters above
sea level. Although comparatively not so high in China, yet the Qingcheng Mountain
has reconfirmed that age-old Chinese saying: “ The fame of a mountain lies not in its
height but in its immortal beings inhabiting in it. ”
Unit Three Text A
Reception departments contain installations and facilities for relaxation and reception.
The latter can be classified into (1) those for reception service and (2) those for self-service
dining. To be sure, reception service costs more.
Widely accepted by travelers, the hotel is a significant part of the majority of packaged
tours as well as the most important accommodation installation. One of the characteristics of
the accommodation industry is: large chain hotels and hotel management corporations in
the said industry have been expanding rapidly with the development of mass tour. Above all,
tourist hotels and tour bus companies have expanded to such an extent that only a few such
large-scale corporations are gradually monopolizing the international tourist marketing.
The major hotel chains in the world include Marriott, Holiday Inn and Sheraton of the
U.S.A.. In Britain, Ford Hotel, Hilton Hotel and Holiday Inn Int’l are the chief rivals of their
American counterparts.
A lot of hotels are located in holiday resorts, holiday villages and vacation camps.
Usually, expensive hotels and inexpensive youth hostels are found to sit on the sides of
highways.
Unit Four Text A
Usually, restaurants are classified into the following four categories:
1. The gourmet restaurant-----It offers food and service primarily to gourmets. Its
service and
price match the quality of its food. That is to say, its service quality and food quality
are
first-rate, although its price is the highest among all restaurants.
2. The family-type restaurant-----It offers homely food, the price of which is moderate.
Many of small roadside restaurants fall into this category. In some tourist resorts,
such economical restaurants can be found.
3. The specialty restaurant-----It offers limited kinds of food. Generally, it is featured by
one or more dishes of special flavor and the unique dining atmosphere, decoration
and owner’s personality.
4. The convenience restaurant-----Like modern fast food restaurants, it offers food and
service to those customers who need fast, clean and inexpensive food. Such
restaurants are usually located in big cities and the rest areas of highways. It also
provides the services of food delivery and take-out.
Another classification is based on the service style of restaurants:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Table Service;
Counter Service;
Self-service;
Carry-out Service.
No matter how restaurants are classified, the sanitation, the quality of food and service
and
the reasonable prices of restaurants are what all diners require.
Unit Five Text A
An airline company, esp. an international airline company, is a giant multifunctional
institution, in which there are ticketing and ticket-reservation agents, airport personnel,
freight transport personnel, mechanics, catering service people, pilots and other crew
members on the flight.
For more than half a century, the work of a stewardess has been considered to be both
stimulating and well-paid. Although the work is commonly regarded as women’s, it is never
confined to them. Men also play an important role in the work.
During flight, pilots work only in the cockpit, so passengers seldom see them in the
cabin. However, the captain will greet passengers through the loudspeaker. Once the plane is
airborne, crew members will be very busy working. Most of their work is to offer food and
drinks to passengers and explain in detail points for attention. When the flight is about to
approach the destination, the purser will announce the landing procedures, and crew
members will then make sure that all passengers and facilities in the cabin are well-prepared
for the touch-down of the flight. When the flight has landed, crew members will help
passengers get off the plane and make farewells to the latter.
Unit Six Text A
Situated in the southwestern part of Sichuan, Leshan, previously known as Jiading or
Jiazhou, is an ancient city with a history of more than 1,300 years. Here meet the Qingyi,
Minjiang, and Dadu Rivers. Flanked by water on its three sides, Leshan is a traffic junction
leading to South Sichuan by land and water. Of course, what really makes the city
world-famous today is its scenic spots and historical sites.
Carved by the riverside into the western cliff of the Lingyun Hill is a giant statue of a
Buddha known as “ The Giant Buddha of Leshan ”. The Giant Buddha, built in the Tang
Dynasty ( 618-907 A.D. ), is over 1,000 years old. Legend goes that Monk Hai Tong of
Lingyun Monastery often saw boats capsize in the turbulent river and therefore proposed
carving a Buddha into the cliff in order to tame the violent water and ensure safe sailing. It
took ninety years to complete the project.
The 71m-tall giant figure is one of the biggest Buddha statues both in China and in the
world.
It is not only well-proportioned and well-structured to a human body, but also unique in
some moulding techniques. It integrates scientifically and skillfully its drainage system with
its magnificent and beautiful appearance. What an original and ingenuous project it is!
In addition to the Giant Buddha, there are Lingyun Monastery, Wuyou Monastery,
Lingyun Hill, Wuyou Hill and other tourist attractions in Leshan. For the above tourist
resorts, Leshan City attracts thousands of visitors every year.
Unit Seven
Text A
Known as Yong Ling or “ the Yong Mausoleum ”, the mausoleum of Wang Jian, the
emperor of the Kingdom of Former Shu during the Five Dynasties Period ( 907-960 A.D. ), is
situated in the west of Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Wang Jian ( 847-918 A.D. ), a native of Wuyang County, Henan Province, had been a
general of the Tang Dynasty in his early years before he came to Shu ( the ancient name of
Sichuan ). Because of the separatist rule of the military governors and the resultant disasters
of frequent wars, Wang Jian fled to Sichuan with Xuanzong, the Tang emperor. Later on, he
was appointed magistrate of Lizhou Prefecture ( the present-day Guangyuan area of
Sichuan ), and gradually occupied some parts of Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu and Hubei. In 907,
Wang Jian proclaimed himself emperor of the Shu Kingdom in Chengdu, known as the
Kingdom of Former Shu in history ( as opposed to the Kingdom of Latter Shu proclaimed
by Meng Zhixiang in 934 A.D.).
In the mausoleum is an oblong chamber composed of a series of fourteen double vaults.
The whole tomb is divided into front, central and rear chambers, with a total length of 23.4m.
The coffin sits in the middle of the central chamber. On its both sides are twelve
stone-carved busts of warriors who looked like lifting the coffin up. On the east, west and
south sides are twenty-four stone-carved female musicians and dancers, two of whom are
dancers while the other twenty-two are musicians holding various kinds of traditional
instruments. This group of stone carvings depicting a female royal court band of musicians
and dancers of the Tang Dynasty ( 618-907 A.D. ) is a fairly complete set found in existence.
On display in the exhibition room are a large jade belt, aice ( a tablet fashioned from the
jade-like stone and inscribed with the royal eulogy ), shice ( a tablet bearing an eulogistic
essay offering the posthumous title to the departed ruler ) and shibao ( an imperial seal
carved with the posthumous title to the departed ruler ). These relics provide valuable
historical data.
Unit Eight Text A
Paris, the capital of France, lies on both banks of the Seine River. It is the modern city
of light as well as a historical and cultural city with charm and beauty.
To start with, Paris boasts the cathedral of Notre Dame, the Arc de Triomphe and the
Eiffel Tower. The world-famous Palace of Louvre in the city houses many greatest art
treasures such as “ Mona Lisa ”. The palace used to be the royal residence, which was
renowned mainly for its beautiful gardens. Besides, there are also quite a few modern
buildings in Paris, and skyscrapers have come to dot Paris and its suburbs, but Parisians
usually dislike hill-rise complexes as in New York. The people there are have been
well-known for their artistic tastes. Tourists often see some folk artists painting or playing
musical instruments on the streets. Many stylistic open-air cafes and the distinctive cuisine
also add much luster to the city. In general, Paris, a very fascinating city, is a model of the
organic integration of modernity and antiquity.
Unit Nine Text A
Ladies and Gentlemen, good afternoon!
In a flash, this ten-day trip has almost ended, just as a saying goes : “ How time flies! ”
Over the past ten days, I have been honored to be able to know you and serve you. So, please
allow me to extend my thanks to you for your support to my work.
First of all, thank you for your participation in this “ Tour of West China ”. We’ve not
been together long, but it is good for us to know each other, above all, to understand each
other’s culture.
Next, thank you for your patience, cooperation and understanding during the trip,
which has certainly helped make my work successful.
Last but not the least, I sincerely hope that you could come to West China again in near
future for your tour and visit or inspection or investment or work. Confucius, our ancient
sage, once said: “ Isn’t it a delight to have friends coming from afar! ” Today is only the start
of our friendship, yet I believe that tomorrow our friendship will come to fruition.
At this very moment, parting is such sweet sorrow. However, no feast in the world does
not end. After you get home, please remember me to your family, relatives and friends.
Let us bear in mind the following English proverb:
Make new friends,
But keep the old,
One is silver,
And other gold.
Farewell, my friends. Finally, I wish you a pleasant journey!
Unit Ten
Text A
People in modern times tour principally for the purposes of sightseeing, leisure,
relaxation, sociality and the improvement of self-image. Sightseeing is to satisfy the human
need for broadening the horizon; leisure and relaxation are to satisfy the human needs for
dispelling the stress and fatigue of daily life and routine work; sociality is to satisfy the
human need for communication and interaction; the improvement of self-image is to satisfy
the human need for enhancing self-confidence and self-image. In addition, many other
people travel out just for the sake of health and education or for the pursuit of spiritual
values like convalescence, touring study and pilgrimage.
Tourism, as a game world, is the fountainhead of diversified and colorful life. More
healthful than other ways to escape the earthly world, it enables people to overcome strain
and boredom, which are simply the by-products of modern life. Staying away from earthly
uproars and cares and from home can often help people get rid of or temporarily get rid of
their depression and vexation, so that they can readjust themselves physically and mentally
to their new life.