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Ruins and Empiricism Romantic Ruminations on Ruination y Pre-fabrication, one-size-fits-all MEDIEVAL INDUSTRIAL MODERN Italian RENAISSANCE EMPIRICISM Rediscovery of Greek Humanist philosophy Rationalism Knowledge is based on experience English RENAISSANCE 1300 1400 14th Century GOTHIC 1600 1500 15th Century 16th Century 1700 17th Century 1800 18th Century 1900 19th Century CLASSICISMS ROMANTICISM MANNERISM BAROQUE Printing Press PICTURESQUE Steam Engine MEDIEVAL ART AND ARCHITECTURE 1300S-1400S 13th C • Religious themes • Static or Passive figures; Icons • Abstracted representations of spaces = no perspective or = approximate perspective • Architecture is largely on-site construction and continuously added to Giotto – Cleansing of the Temple, c. 1266-1337 Wilton Diptych c. 1395–1399 RENAISSANCE ART + ARCHITECTURE Georgio Vasari: Accademia del Disegno in Florence 1563 • • “Rebirth” of Classical Investigations Fascination with antique Greek ruins and ancient architectural styles as complete forms • Nature as a distant backdrop Passive, static • Architecture as complete creations from single authors Brunelleschi Alberti 1300 1400 14th Century 1600 1500 15th Century 16th Century • Religious + Scientific themes • Human emotion and personality • Realistic and precise representation of space: = Linear Perspective = Cartesian Representations of space • Designo: “Drawing” Architecture: = drawing a line: Representative, signs = drawing forth an idea: Intellectual exchange Architectural practice becomes removed from the SITE and into the STUDIO Raphael - School of Athens, 1511 PICTURESQUE ART AND ARCHITECTURE • • • • 1. Painting, drawing 2. Landscaping 3. Architecture Revolt against the concept of indoor Studio-based Disegno Revival of on-site construction Fascination with ruins as they are Preoccupation with Time and Death • • GB Piranesi 1720-1778 Sir John Soane 1753-1837 Claude Lorrain Salvator Rosa Nicolas Poussin 1600 1775-1851 1800 18th Century Insistence on Nature and the Elements - As a prominent, active subject - Specificity of site - On-site paintings Uniqueness of moment; serendipity Depicting Industrialization EMPIRICISM: • Scientific method: Fact must be based on experience • Subjectivity and viewer interpretation - Sensory experience of natural world - Playfulness and Curiousity - Non-linear paths of view Joseph Gandy JMW Turner 1700 17th Century • William Kent 1685-1748 Lorrain, Sunrise, 1646 Poussin, Landscape with St Matthew and the Angel, c1645 Lorrain, Seaport with the Embarkation of the Queen of Sheba, 1648 salvator-rosa_landscape-with-a-dilapidated-bridge, c1615-1673 1900 19th Century William Kent – 1685-1748 Landscaper, Architect, painter Engaging with Nature Imitating natural forms Many potential routes through Experiential Atmospheric Drawings William Kent, 'A view in Pope's Garden at Twickenham with the Shell Temple', c. 1736. William Kent – 1685-1748 Landscaper, Architect, drawer Cascade, Chiswick House, Kent, 1730 Giovanni Battista Piranesi - 1720-1778 Architect, Engraver Ruins as present and future conditions, As well as past Ruins as metaphors Piranesi, Verdute di Roma, 1760 Sir John Soane Architect 1753-1837 Son of bricklayer Fascinated by ruins and Piranesi’s etchings Post-mortem architectural Legacy – London Phone Booths http://www.culturewhisper.com/event/view/id/3703 Sir John Soane - 1753-1837 Architect. Collaborator: Joseph Gandy An imagined view of the Bank of England in ruins, draw in 1830, by Draughsman Joseph Gandy Sir John Soane - 1753-1837 Architect. Collaborator: Joseph Gandy The Mausoleum set in an imaginary landscape, a water colour by George Basevi Joseph Mallord William Turner - 1753-1837 Painter Atmospheric; Weather Forces of Nature blurred with the forces of development JMW_Turner_-_Modern_Rome_-_Campo_Vacino Joseph Mallord William Turner - 1753-1837 Painter JMW_Turner_-_A paddle steamer in a storm
