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LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
BABIES
DEFINITION
 WHO defined LBW as one whose birth
weight is less than 2500 gm irrespective of
the gestational age
CLASSIFICATION
Correlating both the birth weight and gestational
age LBW babies are classified into two
1. PRETERM
2. SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE
PRETERM BABY
DEFINITION
 A baby born before 37 completed
weeks of gestation calculating from
the first day of last menstrual period is
arbitrarily defined as preterm baby
ETIOLOGY
 COMPLICATING HISTORY
 COMPLICATIONS IN PRESENT PREGNANCY
 Maternal
• Pregnancy complications
• Uterine anomalies
• Medical and surgical illness
• Genital tract infection
 Fetal
 Placental
 IATROGENIC
 IDIOPATHIC
MANIFESTATIONS OF PREMATURITY…Contd
 Weight is 2500 gm or less
 Length less than 44 cm
 Head and abdomen are relatively large
 Skull bones soft
 Wide suture or posterior fontanelle
 HC disproportionately exceeds that of chest
 Pinnae of ears are soft and flat
 Eyes are kept closed
 Skin is red, thin and shiny
MANIFESTATIONS OF PREMATURITY
 Plentiful lanugo and vernix caseosa
 Muscle tone poor
 Plantar creases are not visible before 34 weeks
 Testicle undescended
 Labia minora exposed
 Tendency of herniation
 Nails are not grown upto the finger tips
COMPLICATIONS…Contd
 Asphyxia
 Hypothermia
 Pulmonary syndrome
 Cerebral haemorrhage
 Fetal shock
 Heart failure
COMPLICATIONS
 Oedema
 Infection
 Jaundice
 Dehydration and acidaemia
 Anaemia
 Retrolental fibroplasia
MANAGEMENT
 PREVENTION OF PREMATURITY
 MANAGEMENT OF PRETERM LABOUR
 CARE OF PRETERM BABY AFTER BIRTH
CARE OF PRETERM BABY AFTER BIRTH
IMMEDIATE MANAGEMENT FOLLOWING BIRTH
 Cord is to be clamped quickly
 The cord length should be kept long
 The air passage should be cleared of mucus
 Adequate oxygenation
 The baby should be wrapped including head in a
sterile warm towel
 Vitamin K 1 mg
 Handle with extreme gentleness
TO MAINTAIN THE BODY TEMPERATURE
 Extremely thermolabile
 Smaller babies are placed in the incubator or
radiant warmer
 Maintain temperature 36 – 37 C and humidity 50%
 Babies are to be placed naked
 Baby’s cot should be kept warm
RESPIRATORY SUPPORT
 Clear air passage
 Administer oxygen
TO PREVENT INFECTION
 Prophylactic antibiotic
 Maintain aseptic technique
MAINTAIN NUTRITION
 Baby weighting