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C1.1 Fundamentals of chemistry – review
Elements & the Periodic Table
The structure of atoms
Are the following substances elements or compounds?
Complete the diagram of lithium (7Li)
The atomic number tells us the
Are the following substances metals, non-metals or neither?
Remember: You have to be an element to be a metal or a non-metal.
Substance
Metal/Non-metal/Neither
Zinc
The mass number tells us the
Atom
Number of
protons
4
Number of
neutrons
5
Number of
electrons
8
Carbon
Be
Steel
O
8
Iron
Na
12
Yoghurt
Mg
Complete the table for the following elements:
Name
Symbol
Sodium
Copper
Metal/Non-metal
3
4
7
7
F
Which of the above elements are in the same group?
Nitrogen
Calcium
Oxygen
Which of the above elements are in the same period?
Electronic structure
2.8.1
The Periodic Table (Groups 1 and 0)
Chemical Reactions - Equations
On the Periodic Table the vertical columns are called
.
Elements in the same group have the same number of
in their
Write word equations for these reactions:
a) A piece of lithium reacts quickly with oxygen in the air to form lithium
oxide
.
Element
Electronic Structure
Sodium
Group
2.8.1
b) Sodium reacts quickly with chlorine gas to make sodium chloride
Fluorine
Calcium
2.6
c)When potassium reacts with water we can see a purple flame. It makes
potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
Why do the elements in group 1 react in a similar way?
Balance these symbol equations
What happens to the structure of a sodium atom when it reacts?
Li
+
H2 O

LiOH
+
Draw the electronic structure of neon.
Why does neon not react?
Rb
+
O2

Rb2O
K
+
Cl2

KCl
H2
Chemical Reactions – Electrons
Conservation of mass
When elements react together they can form
.
Sometimes the elements share electrons and form
.
Sometimes they transfer electrons and form
.
If a metal and a non-metal react they transfer electrons. If non-metals react
together they share electrons.
Reacting substances
Are electrons shared or
transferred?
Iron + Sulfur  Iron sulfide
112g of iron reacted completely with 64g of sulfur. What mass of iron
sulfide was made?
Carbon
+
Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide
22g of carbon dioxide was formed from 6g of carbon. What mass of oxygen
was needed for this reaction?
Ions or molecules are
formed?
Sodium and chlorine
Lithium and oxygen
Carbon and oxygen
Sulfur and oxygen
A conical flask was sealed containing water,
an iron nail and air.
On day one the total mass was 312.6g.
What do you think the mass was after
fifteen days? Explain your answer.
Potassium and fluorine
Which of these is an ionic substance and which is a covalent (molecular)
substance?
A piece of magnesium metal was placed in
hydrochloric acid on a balance. The mass of the
reaction quickly went down. Why did this happen?