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JWST736-Kolasinski August 25, 2016 9:56 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm Index band gap, 71 band structure, 70 conduction band, 70 valence band, 70 basis set, 478 bathochromic shift, 659 bilayer sheet, 61 binding energy, 562 biochemical standard state, 327 black-body radiation, 547 Bloch waves, 70 blue shift, 540, 659 TE RI AL Bohr condition, 545 Bohr frequency condition See Bohr condition, 551 Bohr radius, 455, 577 boiling point, 60, 234, 235, 241 normal, 45, 60 standard, 45, 60 Boltzmann factor, 93 Boltzmann constant, 104 Boltzmann distribution, 269 bond chalcogen, 38 halogen, 38 hydrogen, 38 noncovalent, 38 pnicogen, 38 bond dissociation energy, 190 bond order, 585 Born interpretation, 465 Born-Oppenheimer approximation, 571, 603, 639 Bose-Einstein statistics, 99, 708 boson, 98, 508 broadening homogeneous, 542, 564, 636 bubble, 246 bubble line, 250 buffer, 293 MA D TE GH RI Abbe limit, 680 absorbance, 548 naperian, 548 absorption coefficient, 548 action potential, 329 activated complex, 333, 351, 364, 383 activation enthalpy, 367 entropy, 367 activation barrier, 383 activation energy, 351, 367, 377 activity, 209, 263, 265 absolute, 264 mean ionic, 290 relative, 264 activity coefficient, 209, 263, 324 mean ionic, 290 adiabat, 142 adiabatic, 124 adsorption activated, 377 dissociative, 380 Langmuir model of dissociative, 380 nonspecific, 305 precursor-mediated, 380 site, 76, 77 specific, 305, 415 adsorption isotherm, 381 affinity, 204 aggregation, 223 amphiphile, 61, 223 amplifier, 671 angular momentum, 501, 503 anharmonicity, 611, 655, 661 constant, 611 anode, 301 anti-Stokes shift, 659 antisymmetrization, 528, 529, 582 area specific, 84 Arrhenius plot, 351 atomic unit of time, 577 atomic units, 577 Aufbau principle, 526, 580, 585 Auger electron spectroscopy, 562, 564 autocatalysis, 347, 371 azeotrope, 251 CO PY JWST736-IND calorimetry, 184 capillarity, 244 capillary condensation, 245 capillary force, 245 capillary waves, 61 carbon nanotubes, 82 Carnot cycle, 142 catalysis acid-base, 402 heterogeneous, 393 homogeneous, 402, 403 catalyst, 333 cathode, 301 cavity ring-down spectroscopy, 683 cell notation, 310 cell potential, 310, 312, 416 standard, 310 cell reaction, 312 central field model, 525 centrifugal distortion, 607 Chain reactions, 407 character, 647 character table, 647 chemical potential, 55, 101, 201, 232, 234, 259, 260, 269, 318 ideal gas, 201 ideal solution, 263 ions in solution, 290 mean ionic, 290 real gas, 264 solute, 263 solvent, 263 Physical Chemistry: How Chemistry Works, First Edition. Kurt W. Kolasinski. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Companion Website: www.wiley.com/go/kolasinski/physicalchemistry 719 JWST736-IND 720 JWST736-Kolasinski August 25, 2016 9:56 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm Index chemical shift, 562, 563 chemisorption, 398 classical nucleation theory, 246 Clebsch-Gordon series, 555 cluster, 78 coefficient of performance, 147 coexistence curve, 235, 237 coherent control, 688 colligative property, 273 collision cross section, 27 density, 28 diameter, 27 frequency, 28 relative mean speed, 28 collision cross section, 362 collision density, 361, 362 color center, 695 combination mode, 649 combination principle, 453 common ion effect, 217 commutator, 469, 481 complementary observables, 481 concentration, 54 amount, 54 conductance, 295 conductivity, 295 molar, 295 configuration interaction, 583 configuration mixing, 535 conformational selection mechanism, 404 conjugate phase, 229 constant cryoscopic, 274 ebullioscopic, 273 contact angle, 244, 245 coordination number, 50, 51, 76 core electron, 585 core hole lifetime, 564 correspondence principle, 444, 463, 495 corresponding states, 42 Coster-Kronig transitions, 565 Coulomb potential, 515 coupling scheme jj-coupling, 559 LS coupling, 554 Russell-Saunders, 554 covalent bond, 571 dative, 571 three-center, 571 two-center, 571 coverage, 375, 379 absolute, 394 fractional, 394 critical micelle concentration, 61, 223 critical nucleus size, 246 critical opalescence, 43 critical point, 234, 235 critical point drying, 237 critical separation, 363 crystal modifications, 235 crystallization, 252 current density, 304, 416 diffusion, 60 exchange, 416, 417 migration, 60 degeneracy, 95, 517 degree of dissociation, 215, 295 degree of polymerization, 409 degree of rate control, 354 degrees of freedom, 18 internal, 18 delocalization energy, 597 denaturation, 404 density functional theory, 597 density of states, 96, 102, 707 deposition, 68 desorption, 375 detailed balance, 353 dew line, 250 Dexter electron transfer, 661 diffraction, 694 diffusion, 55 Case II, 57 non-Fickian, 57 diffusion coefficient, 55 dilute gas limit, 96 dipole moment bond, 651 electric, 650 dipole scattering, 628 Dirac notation, 480 dispersion, 79 dispersion interactions, 37 dissociation energy, 611 distribution Boltzmann, 91 Bose-Einstein, 100 Fermi-Dirac, 99 Maxwell-Boltzmann, 97, 102 doping, 71 Doppler shift, 542 drift speed, 55 Einstein coefficient A, 546, 636 B, 546, 635 electric dipole moment, 545 electric double layer, 415 electrical double layer, 305 electrochemical cell, 310 electrochemical potential, 309, 318 electrochemical series, 314, 319 electrode, 310 reference, 310, 317 saturated calomel, 317 silver-silver chloride, 317 standard hydrogen, 310, 314 electrolyte strong, 295 weak, 295 electromagnetism, 33 electromotive force, 312 emf, 312 electron configuration, 526, 533 electron correlation, 525 electron energy loss spectroscopy, 628 electron number, 302 electron transfer, 326 heterogeneous, 424 inner sphere, 419 Marcus theory, 421 outer sphere, 420 electrons equivalent, 521 electrophoretic effect, 290 electrostatic interactions, 34 emergent behavior, 88 energy bond dissociation, 190 Coulomb, 35 electrostatic, 34 equipartition, 25 exchange, 37 Fermi See Fermi energy, 447 Gibbs, 153 Helmholtz, 153 JWST736-IND JWST736-Kolasinski August 25, 2016 9:56 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm Index induction, 36 internal, 25, 52, 89, 112 ionization, 521 kinetic, 21 mean kinetic, 24 vacuum, 447 energy density of radiation, 546, 636 enthalpy, 130 atomization, 191 bond dissociation, 190 combustion, 185, 194 formation, 192 hydration, 191, 268, 287 mixing, 253 mixing, polymer, 278 reaction, 193, 324 solution, 191 solvation, 287 standard change, 182 temperature dependence, 168 transfer, 287 entropy, 140 calorimetric, 172 reaction, 324 residual, 93 spectroscopic, 173 statistical mechanical definition, 92 entropy change reaction, 173 thermodynamic definition, 148 enzyme, 403 equation Boltzmann formula, 149 de Broglie, 474 Einstein, 562 Frenkel, 377 Planck radiation formula, 709 angular, 504 Antoine, 242 Arrhenius, 351, 362 Balmer-Rydberg-Ritz formula, 453 Beer-Lambert law, 411, 548 boiling point elevation, 273 Boltzmann formula, 92 Bragg, 442 Butler-Volmer, 417 central equation of thermodynamics, 103 Clapeyron, 239 Clausius inequality, 157 Clausius-Clapeyron, 240, 242 cut off law, 689 Davies, 291 de Broglie relation, 451 Debye-Hückel limiting law, 290 Debye-Hückel-Onsager, 295 Dirac, 507 Einstein, 447 Einstein relation, 55 Einstein-Smoluchowski, 57 Eyring, 367 Faraday’s law, 304 Fermi’s golden rule, 546, 636 freezing point depression, 274 fundamental, 153, 161, 232, 238, 259 See fundamental equation Gibbs phase rule, 238 Gibbs-Duhem, 260 Gibbs-Helmholtz, 166 Goldman, 328 grating, 442 Henderson-Hasselbalch, 293 Henry’s Law, 264, 266 Hertz-Knudsen, 378 Hildebrandt-Scatchard, 278 Huddleston, 53 ideal gas law, 104 Kelvin, 243 Kirchhoff’s law, 168 Kohlrausch’s law, 295 Lineweaver-Burk, 407 Mark-Houwink-Sakurada, 59 Maxwell’s relations, 153 Michaelis-Menten, 406 Nernst, 313 Nernst-Einstein, 55 Nernst-Planck, 59, 416 Ostwald’s dilution law, 295 Planck, 445, 446, 540 Polanyi-Wigner, 376 radial, 516 Raoult’s Law, 264, 266 Redlich-Kwong, 42 Rodrigues formula, 499 Rydberg formula, 551 Sackur-Tetrode, 105 Schrödinger, 467 Schrödinger, time-dependent, 468 Schrödinger, time-independent, 468 secular, 592 Shomate, 127, 151, 168 Stirling’s theorem, 91 Stokes-Einstein, 55 Tafel, 416 Tait, 53 Unsöld’s theorem, 556 van’t Hoff, 205, 206 van’t Hoff isochore, 205 equation of state, 16 equilibrium, 162 acid dissociation constant, 214 acid-base, 292 statistical mechanical definition, 92 water ionization constant, 212 equilibrium constant, 324 concentration, 209 pressure, 209 thermodynamic, 209 eutectic, 255 evaporation, 376 excess functions, 273 exciplex, 362 excited states, 18 exciton, 494 excluded volume, 276 expansion coefficient, 68, 133, 229 expectation value, 475 explosions, 410 exposure, 378, 379 extent of reaction, 181 external potential, 318 Förster resonance energy transfer, 661 faradaic process, 304 Faraday constant, 303 Faraday’s law, 304 feedback, 371 femtochemistry, 686 Fermi energy, 70, 306, 319, 446 Fermi resonance, 655, 661 Fermi’s golden rule, 546, 636 Fermi-Dirac statistics, 99 fermion, 98, 508 Feshbach resonance, 628 fine structure, 554 Flory 𝜃-temperature, 276 Flory-Huggins theory, 253 fluorescence, 626, 659, 677 721 JWST736-IND 722 JWST736-Kolasinski August 25, 2016 9:56 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm Index fluorescence excitation spectroscopy, 637 fluorescence lifetime, 627, 663 flux, 55 photon, 411 force constant, 611 formation constant, 220 fractional dissociation, 207 Franck-Condon factor, 617, 639 Franck-Condon principle, 617, 639 free particle, 471 free radicals, 407 freezing point standard, 45 frequency doubling, 674 FRET, 661 frictional coefficient, 55 frontier orbitals, 306, 400 fugacity, 264 fugacity coefficient, 264 fullerenes, 83 fundamental equation, 153, 275 Galvani potential, 318 gas constant, 17 Gaussian type orbitals, 576 generalized gradient approximation, 598 Gibbs energy, 162, 232, 324 activation, 247, 367 formation in solution, 288 ideal gas, 167 mixing, 253 partial molar, 260 reaction, 163, 203 Gibbs phase rule, 238 Gibbs postulate, 89 Gibbs-Thompson effect, 243 glass, 78 glass transition, 252 good quantum number, 502 Gouy layer, 305 Graphene, 82 Gravitation, 33 gravity, 33 green fluorescent protein, 681 Grotrian diagram, 551 Grotthuss-Draper law, 411 ground state, 18 group velocity, 440 gyromagnetic ratio, 508 Hönl-London factor, 639 Hückel approximation, 593 Haber-Bosch process, 401 half-life, 347 half-reaction, 302 Hamiltonian operator, 468 hardness, 221 harmonic generation, 674 harmonic oscillator, 499, 609 harpooning, 362 Hartree, 577 heat, 124 heat capacity, 126 constant pressure, 130 constant volume, 96, 129 ions in solution, 289 temperature dependence, 127 heat engine efficiency, 145 Helmholtz energy, 111, 162 Helmholtz layer, 305, 318 Henry’s law constant, 268 Hermite polynomials, 499 Hermitian, 470 Hermitian matrix, 532 Hermitian operators, 477 Hess’s law, 192 high harmonic generation, 689 high-field physics, 688 Hildebrand’s rule, 230 Hohenberg-Kohn existence theorem, 597 hole, 453 hot band, 654 Hund’s rule maximum multiplicity, 526 Hund’s rules, 558 hydrogel, 57 hydrogen atom energy levels, 517 hydrogen atom transfer, 326 hyperfine splitting, 543 hypsochromic shift, 659 ideal gas constant, 104 ideal gas law, 16, 104 ideal solution, 263 solvent vapor pressure, 265 impact parameter, 363 impact scattering, 628 impingement rate, 378 induced fit mechanism, 404 Induction interactions, 36 infinite square well, 490 inhibition, 347, 355 inhibitor, 334, 407 inner potential, 318 interaction parameter polymer-solvent, 253 interface, 60 interference, 694 intermediate, 333, 368 internal conversion, 623, 662 internal energy, 119 intersystem crossing, 623, 662 intramolecular vibrational redistribution, 661 intrinsic peak width, 564 intrinsic width, 483 inverted region, 423 ionic atmosphere, 290 Ionic liquids, 64 ionic strength, 290 ionization energy, 457 ionization potential, 521 irradiance, 411 irreversible process, 120 isotherm, 142 isothermal compressibility, 133 IVR, 661 Jablonski diagram, 660 junction potential, 312 Kelvin equation, 244 kinetic chain length, 409 kinetic hypothesis, 21 kinetics differential method, 347 isolation, 343, 347 Langmuirian adsorption, 378 method of initial rates, 347 method of integration, 339, 346 pseudo-order, 342 reversible reaction, 348 Koopmans’ theorem, 521, 534, 562, 587 Kronecker delta function, 477 Lagrange multipliers, 91 Lamb shift, 519 Langmuir, 378 JWST736-IND JWST736-Kolasinski August 25, 2016 9:56 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm Index Langmuir isotherm, 381 Langmuir layer, 61 Laplacian operator, 483 Larmor frequency, 509 laser induced fluorescence, 678, 686 latent heat, 230 lateral interactions, 376 law Kirchhoff, 184 law of photochemical equivalence, 411 law of thermodynamics first, 119, 153 second, 119, 141, 148, 153 third, 119, 171 zeroth, 25, 119 LCAO-MO theory, 576 Legendrian operator, 484 Lennard-Jones diagram, 366 level symbol, 558 lifetime, 340, 347, 542 lifetime broadening, 609 Lindemann-Christiansen mechanism, 373 lineshape, 541 Fano, 542 Gaussian, 542 Lorentzian, 541, 636 Voight, 542 lipids, 84 liposome, 61 liquid crystal, 62 macrocycles, 84 macromolecules, 84 macrostate, 89 mass-energy equilvalence, 443 matrix element, 532 Maxwell speed distribution, 23 mean speed, 24 most probable speed, 23 Maxwell’s relations, 153 mean free path, 28, 55, 57 mechanism, 354, 368 composite, 7 Eigen-Wilkins, 387, 429 Eigen-Winkler, 387, 429 Eley-Rideal, 396 hot precursor, 396 Langmuir-Hinshelwood, 394 melting point, 234, 235, 252 standard, 45 membrane potential, 328 meniscus, 244 method of undetermined multipliers, 91 micelle, 61 Michaelis-Menten kinetics, 405 microscopic reversibility, 353 microstates, 89 total number, 90 mixture, 53 mobility, 60 molality, 54 mean ionic, 290 molar mass, 276 number-average, 85, 276 weight-average, 85 molarity, 54 mole fraction, 27 molecular beam, 125 molecular orbital theory, 576 molecular virial theorem, 583 molecularity, 7, 336 moment of inertia, 106, 503, 605, 656 momentum linear, 21 Mulliken label, 647 multiphoton photoelectron spectroscopy, 682 multipole expansion, 34 nanoparticle, 78 natural lifetime, 662 natural linewidth, 542 natural variables, 161 near-field scanning optical microscope, 680 Nernst equation, 319 Nernst heat theorem, 171 node, 522 non-radiative relaxation, 622 nonelectrolyte, 295 nonlinear effect, 673 nonlinear spectroscopy, 675 nonlinear susceptibility, 673 normal modes, 653 normal transition temperature, 188 normalization, 466, 477, 491 nuclear hyperfine splitting, 519 nuclear magnetic resonance, 510 nuclear spin, 510 nucleation, 246, 248 critical radius, 247 heterogeneous, 249 homogeneous, 249 nucleation center, 249 occupation number, 89 opalescence, 694 open-circuit potential, 306 operator, 469 optical path difference, 440 orbitals equivalent, 521 order group, 646 orthogonality, 477, 491 orthonormality, 477 oscillator, 671 harmonic, 476 osmometry, 276 Osmosis, 275 osmotic coefficient, 276 osmotic pressure, 276 overlap density, 578 overlap integral, 578 overpotential, 307 overtone, 649 overvoltage, 416 oxidant, 302 oxidizing agent, 302 pair correlation function, 50 partial differentials, 152 particle in a box, 96, 490, 706 particle on a ring, 503 particle on a sphere, 504 partition function, 93, 104 translation, 102 Pascal’s law, 21 path function, 120 Pauli exclusion principle, 70, 508, 529 Pauli repulsion, 37, 400, 526, 530 perfect gas, 21 periodic table, 526 perturbation, 654, 655 perturbations, 535 phase diagram 𝜇-T, 233 liquid-vapor, 250 pressure-temperature, 235 phase stability, 233 723 JWST736-IND 724 JWST736-Kolasinski August 25, 2016 9:56 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm Index phase transition, 188, 229 first-order, 230 second-order, 230 standard enthalpy, 188 phase velocity, 435 phosphorescence, 659 photoactivated localization microscopy, 681 photochemical reactions, 411 photochemistry, 686 photodissociation, 413, 624, 686 photoelectric effect, 446 photoemission, 446, 561 See photoelectric effect photon flow, 411 photosynthesis, 691 physisorption, 398 Planck distribution, 446 Planck quantization hypothesis, 445 plasmon, 694 plot van’t Hoff, 205, 213 point group, 646 poison, 401 Polanyi rules, 382 polarizability, 36 polydispersity index, 409 polymerization chain, 408 step, 409 polymers, 84, 252, 277 ponderomotive energy, 690 population, 89, 149 population inversion, 669 porosity, 84 porous solid, 83 postulates of quantum mechanics, 463 potential (exp-6), 49 Born-Mayer, 37 Lennard-Jones, 42, 48 Morse, 611 potential of zero charge, 305 pre-exponential factor, 351 precipitation, 218 predissociation, 624 pressure, 21 partial, 27 principle Le Châtelier’s, 204 maximum hardness, 221 product, 333 promoter, 401 proton transfer, 326 proton-coupled electron transfer, 326, 404 pulse shaping, 688 pump-probe experiment, 675, 686 Q switching, 672 quantity calculus, 7 quantum confinement, 494 quantum defect, 535 quantum dot, 495 quantum particles composite, 452 elementary, 452 quantum yield, 413, 622, 626, 662 quenching, 413, 626, 662 radial distribution function, 50, 286 radial wavefunction, 516 Raman stimulated scattering, 679 Raman effect, 614 Raman shift, 616 rate net reaction, 349 rate constant, 336 effective, 339 true, 339 rate determining step, 337, 354 rate law, 333 reactant, 333 reaction partial order, 336 elementary, 7, 336 mechanism, 7, 369 net, 7 order, 336 rate, 335 standard combustion, 186 reaction chart, 6 reaction isotherm, 203 reaction quotient, 203 real solution chemical potential, 263 real solutions, 258 real states, 614 red shift, 540, 659 redox couple, 302 reducing agent, 302 reductant, 302 reorganization energy, 422 representation irreducible, 647 reducible, 649 resonance energy, 597 resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization, 681 resonance scattering, 628 rest potential, 306 reversible process, 120 rigid rotor, 503, 604 ripening Ostwald, 243 Smoluchowski, 243 Ritz combination principle, 541 rotational angular momentum, 605 rotational branches, 611, 654 rotational constant, 19, 605 rotational energy, 605 rotational term, 605 polyatomic, 656 RRKM theory, 374 Rydberg, 519 Rydberg constant, 517, 551 Rydberg series, 535 Sabatier principle, 399 salt effect, 294 SATP, 3 saturation, 670 saturation ratio, 247 scanning tunneling microscopy, 495 Schemochromes, 698 Schottky anomaly, 111 screening, 33, 586, 587 selection rule rotation, 655 vibration, 649, 653 selection rules, 620, 638 multiphoton, 675 self-assembly, 222 selvage, 77 Shannon radius, 286 shape resonance, 628 shell, 521, 522 shielding, 510 site blocking, 378 JWST736-IND JWST736-Kolasinski August 25, 2016 9:56 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm Index Slater type orbitals, 576 solubility gas, 268 solubility constant, 268 solubility parameter, 278 Hildebrand, 278 solubility product, 217, 293 solute, 53 solution, 53 electrolyte, 53 ideal-dilute, 272 miscible, 54 nonelectrolyte, 53 regular, 272, 273 solvation number, 285 solvation shell, 284 solvent, 53 Solvophilicity, 280 space quantization, 507, 509 spectator, 333 spectroscopy two-dimensional, 544 spherical harmonics, 505, 516 spin, 507, 529, 618 spin flip, 508 spin multiplicity, 528, 657 spin-orbit coupling, 518, 552, 554, 619, 639, 657 Spontaneous emission, 546, 636 spontaneous emission, 622 stability constant, 220 standard ambient temperature and pressure, 3, 45 standard formation reaction, 164 standard state, 182, 258, 263 biochemical, 210 electrochemical, 309 physical chemistry, 210 standard temperature and pressure, 3 standard transition temperature, 188 Stark effect, 543, 606 State designations polyatomic, 656 state function, 120 stationary state, 468 steady-state approximation, 371 steric factor, 362 Stern layer, 305 Stern-Gerlach experiment, 509 Stern-Gouy model, 318 Stern-Volmer constant, 627 Stern-Volmer plot, 627, 663 sticking coefficient, 378 stimulated chemistry, 4 stimulated emission, 546, 669 stimulated emission depletion microscopy, 680 stimulated emission pumping, 679 stoichiometric coefficient, 5, 163, 181 stoichiometric number, 5, 163, 181 Stoichiometric numbers, 335 Stokes shift, 659 STP, 3 strong force, 33 sublimation, 68, 234, 242 subshell, 521 sum frequency generation, 674 supercooling, 247 supercritical CO2 , 279 supercritical fluid, 235 superheating, 247 supersaturation, 247, 249 surface, 60 exterior, 84 interior, 84 surface energy, 246 surface lifetime, 377 surface potential, 318 surface tension, 122, 242, 246 swelling coefficient, 277 symmetry, 574 𝜋, 579 𝜎, 578 element, 643 operation, 643 term symbol, 556, 558, 618 theorem Carnot, 145 thermal chemistry, 4 thermal wavelength, 102 thermodynamic limit, 16, 78 total angular momentum, 554, 557, 619, 657 transfer coefficient, 417 transference number, 60 transform-limited pulsewidth, 685 transition bound-bound, 520 bound-free, 521 congruent, 229 non-radiative, 622, 661 transition dipole moment, 546, 549, 550, 617, 639 transition rate, 545, 635 transition state, 364, 365, 377, 383, 422, 687 transition state theory, 366 transmission coefficient, 367 transmittance, 548 triple point, 26, 235, 237 Trouton’s rule, 230 tunneling, 495 decay constant, 497 decay length, 497 transmission coefficient, 497 turnover number, 406 Tyndall scattering, 694 ultraviolet catastrophe, 445 uncertainty principle, 481 universal gas constant See gas constant, 17 vacuum energy, 71 valence bond theory, 573 valence electron, 585 van der Waals forces, 37 vapor pressure, 60, 234, 240, 242, 250, 265 saturation, 265 solute, 266 vaporization, 241 variable conjugate, 123 extensive, 123 intensive, 123 variational principle, 479, 579, 591 vertical transition, 617, 639 vibration-rotation interaction constant, 607 vibrational overlap, 617, 639 vibrational relaxation, 661 vibrational term, 609 polyatomic, 655 viral expansion osmotic pressure, 276 virial coefficient, 39 virial expansion, 39 virtual states, 614, 675 viscosity, 56, 57 coefficient, 58 vision, 696 vitrification, 252 725 JWST736-IND 726 JWST736-Kolasinski August 25, 2016 9:56 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm Index Volta potential, 318 volume partial molar, 258 water ionization constant, 212 wavefront, 440 wavefunction spacetime, 465 spatial, 465 wavepacket, 474, 686, 688 weak force, 33 work, 121 work function, 71, 319, 446, 447 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, 562 Zeeman effect, 543, 555 zero point energy, 365, 500, 611
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