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PEDIATRIC ENT – HEARING, SPEECH, & LANGUAGE BY DR. DANIEL SAMADI http://www.vitals.com/doctors/Dr_Daniel_Samadi/profile HEARING, SPEECH, & LANGUAGE ANATOMY http://www.vitals.com/doctors/Dr_Daniel_Samadi/profile HEARING, SPEECH, & LANGUAGE The ear consists of external, middle, and inner structures. The eardrum and the three tiny bones conduct sound from the eardrum to the cochlea. Milestones Hearing, speech, and language are important parts of a healthy child’s life. Speech is the ability to make sounds, and language refers to the ability to understand and use the sounds. Hearing is necessary for the proper development of speech and language. http://www.vitals.com/doctors/Dr_Daniel_Samadi/profile HEARING, SPEECH, & LANGUAGE: AGE –APPROPRIATE HEARING MILESTONES Hearing problems may be suspected in children who are not responding to sounds or who are not developing their language skills appropriately. The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) and other experts list the following age-appropriate hearing guidelines/milestones here for children from birth to 36 months. It is important to remember that not every child is the same, and children reach milestones at different ages. Call your child’s physician if you are suspicious that your child is not hearing appropriately. http://www.vitals.com/doctors/Dr_Daniel_Samadi/profile HEARING, SPEECH, & LANGUAGE: AGE-APPROPRIATE SPEECH & LANGUAGE MILESTONES Hearing, speech, and language are interconnected. Hearing problems may be suspected in children who are not responding to sounds or who are not developing their language skills appropriately. The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) and other experts list the following age-appropriate speech and language milestones here for children from birth to five years. The guidelines may help you to decide if your child is having hearing problems. It is important to remember that not every child is the same, and children reach milestones at different ages. Consult your child’s physician if you are suspicious that your child is not developing speech and language skills correctly. http://www.vitals.com/doctors/Dr_Daniel_Samadi/profile HEARING, SPEECH, & LANGUAGE: SIGNS OF A PROBLEM It is important to remember that children develop speech, language, and hearing skills at different ages. However, hearing loss can lead to delays in your child’s ability to make sounds, learn to speak, and communicate. Consult your child’s physician if you are concerned about your child’s hearing or speech, or if you notice any of the following: • • • • • • No response to sound at any age No movement or “startling” when a loud sound is made No babbling by the time the infant is nine months old No words spoken by the age of 18 to 24 months No following simple commands by two years old Stuttering continues past five years old http://www.vitals.com/doctors/Dr_Daniel_Samadi/profile HEARING, SPEECH, & LANGUAGE HEARING LOSS Hearing Loss in Babies According to The National Institutes of Health, nearly 12,000 babies are born each year in the United States with a hearing impairment. It is estimated that serious hearing loss occurs in about one to three of every 1,000 healthy newborns, and in two to four of every 100 babies in newborn intensive care units. Most hearing loss is congenital (present at birth), but some babies develop hearing loss after they are born. Hearing loss is more likely in premature babies and babies with respiratory problems who have required long-term use of breathing machines, those with previous infections, and those taking certain medications. http://www.vitals.com/doctors/Dr_Daniel_Samadi/profile DIFFERENT TYPES OF HEARING LOSS Hearing loss can be categorized by many different types. Two main types of hearing loss are: 1. Sensorineural hearing loss - involves loss of function within the inner ear or with the connection to the brain. 2. Conductive hearing loss - involves a problem in the outer or middle ear in which sound waves are not sent to the inner ear correctly. Conductive hearing loss is the most common type of hearing loss in children and is usually acquired. Both of these types of hearing loss can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired later in life. Learn more on http://entforchildren.com/hearingspeech-language-hearing-loss/different-types-of-hearing-loss/. http://www.vitals.com/doctors/Dr_Daniel_Samadi/profile DIFFERENT TYPES OF HEARING LOSS: SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by: Congenital factors (conditions present at birth): • Infection by the mother with toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes, or syphilis • Genetic factors and syndromes the child has at birth • Low birthweight • Hereditary – in the family Acquired factors (occurred after birth): • Loud noise exposure • Trauma • Infections • Damage from certain medications that can be harmful to the ears http://www.vitals.com/doctors/Dr_Daniel_Samadi/profile DIFFERENT TYPES OF HEARING LOSS: CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS Conductive hearing loss is caused by: Congenital factors (conditions present at birth): • Anomalies of the auricle (the outside of the ear) • Anomalies of the tympanic membrane (eardrum) • Anomalies of the external ear canal • Anomalies of the ossicles (the three tiny bones that deliver the sound waves to the middle ear) Acquired factors (occurred after birth): • Excessive wax • Foreign bodies in the ear canal, such as beads or popcorn kernels • Tumors of the middle ear • Problems with the eustachian tube • Ear infections, such as otitis media • Chronic ear infections with fluid in the middle ear • Perforation of the eardrum http://www.vitals.com/doctors/Dr_Daniel_Samadi/profile HEARING LOSS Read more by visiting the following sites: Hearing tests Management of hearing loss Hearing loss in babies Other hearing, speech, & language resources http://www.vitals.com/doctors/Dr_Daniel_Samadi/profile MORE INFORMATION ENT for Children (Dr. Daniel Samadi) 10 Forest Ave, Suite 100 Paramus, NJ 07652 Phone: (201) 996-1505 Fax: (201) 996-1605 Email: [email protected] or [email protected] Website: www.entforchildren.com http://www.vitals.com/doctors/Dr_Daniel_Samadi/profile