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Hypersensitivity Reactions Injurious, patologic immune reactions causing tissue injury and disease Excessive or aberrant immune response to: Foreign antigens (non-self) - non-infectious (environmental) - infectious Self (autologous) antigens failure of self-tolerance (autoimmunity, autoimmune diseases) Types of Hypersensitivity Reactions Type I Type II Antibody mediated Type III Type IV T cell mediated Type II and type III (comparison) Type II (Antibody-mediated diseases) (Cytotoxic type) Type II hypersensitivity animation Effector mechanisms Effector mechanisms Effector mechanisms Effector mechanisms Graves disease Myasthenia gravis Antibody-mediated diseases Type III (immune complex-mediated diseases) Type III hypersensitivity animation Effector mechanisms Effector mechanisms Effector mechanisms Immune complex diseases Serum sickness Therapy • Reduction fo inflammation (corticosteroids) • Plasmapheresis (reduction of circulating antibodies and immune comoplexes) • Anti-CD20-antibodies (reduction of B cell number) • Inhibition of auto-antibody production (CD40L antagonists) Type IV (Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity - DTH) Type IV hypersensitivity animation Effector mechanisms T cell-mediated diseases Clinical manifestation of contact dermatitis Therapy • Reduction of inlammtaion (corticosteroids and TNF antagonists) • T cell response inhibition (cyclosporin) • Antagonists of costimulation
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