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Renal System Histology and Models Types of kidney stones Spleen Adrenal gland Kidney Renal artery Ureter Urinary bladder Adrenal gland Kidney Ureter Urinary bladder Prostate gland Urethra Trigone Prostate gland Urethra Adrenal gland Kidney Ureter Urinary bladder Prostate gland Urethra Kidney Regions • The kidney is divided into three REGIONS. • If the question asks you to name the REGION, the answer is one of the below: – CORTEX – MEDULLA – RENAL PELVIS REGIONS Cortex Medulla Renal Pelvis REGIONS Cortex Medulla Renal Pelvis Kidney Structures • If the question asks you to name the STRUCTURE, it is one of the below: • Within the cortex, you will find the glomeruli and the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. • Within the medulla you will find the loops of Henle, collecting ducts, the pyramids and the columns (pale area between the pyramids). • Within the renal pelvis you will find the hilus, the major calyxes, which branch into the minor calyxes. Cortex: Glomerulus Proximal and Distal convoluted tubules Medulla: Loops of Henle Collecting duct Pyramids Columns Renal pelvis Hilus Major calyxes Minor calyxes Cortex: Glomerulus Proximal and Distal convoluted tubules Medulla: Loops of Henle Collecting duct Pyramids Columns Renal pelvis Hilus Major calyxes Minor calyxes Adrenal Cortex Adrenal Medulla Renal Cortex Renal Medulla Renal pelvis Pyramids Hilus Ureter Major calyx Minor calyx Pyramids Hilus Ureter Calyx Calyx Pyramids Hilus Kidney stones Ureter Renal artery Segmental artery Interlobar artery Interlobular artery Arcuate artery Interlobular artery Segmental artery Interlobar artery Renal artery Arcuate artery KIDNEY MODEL • Glomerulus • Proximal convoluted tubule • Descending loop of the nephron – Thick segment – Thin segment • Ascending loop of the nephron – Thick segment – Thin segment • Distal convoluted tubule • Collecting duct • Vasa recta Glomerulus Vasa recta Distal convoluted tubule Proximal convoluted tubule Glomerulus Descending loop of the Nephron Ascending loop of the nephron Collecting duct Study Tip: To get oriented, always start at the glomerulus and run your finger down the proximal convoluted tubule. When it loops back up and thickens, you are now at the distal convoluted tubule. Thick segment of the ascending loop of the nephron Thick segment of the descending loop of the nephron Thin segment of the ascending loop of the nephron Thin segment of the descending loop of the nephron GLOMERULUS Efferent arteriole Afferent arteriole Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule Macula densa Proximal convoluted tubule vasa recta peritubular capillaries vasa recta peritubular capillaries KIDNEY SLIDES • Glomerulus – (simple squamous epithelium) • Convoluted tubules – (simple cuboidal epithelium) Glomerulus Tubule Skip Convoluted Tubule Glomerulus Kidney Convoluted Tubule Glomerulus
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