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Page 1 CELIE-0005 國立政治大學 中國大陸研究中心 中國經濟資料庫 CHINA ECONOMIC DATABASES, CENTER FOR CHINA STUDIES, NATIONAL CHENGCHI UNIVERSITY Chen-yuan Tung Professor, Graduate Institute of Development Studies Amy T. Mah Research Associate, China Economic Databases Guo-chen Wang PhD Student, Graduate Institute of Development Studies 2010 年 3 月 This issue contains updates from exiting journals in China Economic Literature Index and newly compiled CELIE literatures from journals in SSCI and ECONLIT dated January 2008 to March 2010. For Taiwanese and Chinese Journals please refer to the Chinese version of China Economic Literature Index. I. China Economic Literature Index – English …………….……………… 01-09 II. China Economic Literature Index and Abstract – English …………….. 09-44 I. Latest English Journal Publications Zhang, Qian Forrest, John Donaldson, “The Rise of Agrarian Capitalism with Chinese Characteristics: Agricultural Modernization, Agribusiness and Collective Land Rights,” China Journal, Vol. 60, (July 2008), pp. 25-47. Lin, Kun-Chin, “Macroeconomic Disequilibria and Enterprise Reform: Restructuring the Chinese Oil and Petrochemical Industries in the 1990s,” China Journal, Vol. 60, (July 2008), pp. 49-79. Womack, Brantly, “China between Region and World,” China Journal, Vol. 61, (January 2009), pp.1-20. Liu, Chengfang, Linxiu Zhang, Renfu Luo, and Scott Rozelle, “Infrastructure China Economic Literature Index March 2010 Page 2 Investment in Rural China: Is Quality being Compromised during Quantity Expansion?” China Journal, Vol. 61, (January 2009), pp. 105-129. Chan, Anita, and Jonathan Unger, “A Chinese State Enterprise under the Reforms: What Model of Capitalism?” China Journal, Vol. 62, (July 2009), pp. 1-26. Choi, Eun Kyong, “The Politics of Fee Extraction from Private Enterprises, 1996-2003,” China Journal, Vol. 62, (July 2009), pp. 79-102. Kong, Shuyu, “Cultural Propaganda in the Age of Economic Reform: Popular Media and the Social Construction of Shanxi Merchants in Contemporary China,” China Journal, Vol. 63, (January 2010), pp. 79-99. Deng, Guosheng, and Scott Kennedy, “Big Business and Industry Association Lobbying in China: The Paradox of Contrasting Styles,” China Journal, Vol. 63, (January 2010), pp. 101-125. Chen, A., “Reducing China's Regional Disparities: Is There a Growth Cost?” China Economic Review, Vol. 21, No. 1, (March 2010), pp. 2-13. Li, C., “Savings, Investment, and Capital Mobility within China,” China Economic Review, Vol. 21, No. 1, (March 2010), pp. 14-23. Sun, L., J.L. Ford, and D.G. Dickinson, “Bank loans and the Effects of Monetary Policy in China: VAR/VECM Approach,” China Economic Review, Vol. 21, No. 1, (March 2010), pp. 65-97. Whalley, J., and X. Xin, “China's FDI and non-FDI Economies and the Sustainability of Future High Chinese Growth,” China Economic Review, Vol. 21, No. 1, (March 2010), pp. 123-135. Deng, Kent G., “Symposium: Lessons from Chinese Economic History: Miracle or Mirage? Foreign Silver, China's Economy and Globalization from the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Centuries,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 13, No. 3, (August 2008), pp. 320-58. Peng, Xiujian, “Demographic Shift, Population Ageing and Economic Growth in China: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 13, No. 5, (December 2008), pp. 680-97. Wong, R. Bin, “Symposium: Lessons from Chinese Economic History: Transformations of China's Post-1949 Political Economy in an Historical Perspective,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 13, No. 3, (August 2008), pp. 291-307. CHINA ECONOMIC LITERATURE INDEX March 2010 Page 3 Tyers, Rod, Iain Bain, and Yongxiang Bu, “China's Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate: A Counterfactual Analysis,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 13, No. 1, (February 2008), pp. 17-39. Narayan, Paresh Kumar, and Seema Narayan, “Do Permanent Shocks Explain Income Levels? A Common Cycle-Common Trend Analysis of Regional Income Levels for China,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 13, No. 5, (December 2008), pp. 656-662. Flynn, Dennis O., and Arturo Giraldez, “Symposium: Lessons from Chinese Economic History: Born Again: Globalization's Sixteenth Century Origins (Asian/Global versus European Dynamics),” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 13, No. 3, (August 2008), pp. 359-87. Peng, Wensheng, Dickson C. Tam, and Matthew S. Yiu, “Property Market and the Macroeconomy of Mainland China: A Cross Region Study,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 13, No. 2, (May 2008), pp. 240-258. Sun, Jianjun, and Nobuyoshi Yamori, “Regional Disparities and Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivity: Evidence from Chinese Listed Firms,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 14, No. 5, (December 2009), pp. 657-67. Ikawa, Motomichi, “Reform of the International Monetary System Based on Special Drawing Rights and Its Implications for Asia,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 14, No. 5, (December 2009), pp. 668-81. He, Dong, Zhiwei Zhang, and Wenlang Zhang, “How Large Will Be the Effect of China's Fiscal Stimulus Package on Output and Employment?” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 14, No. 5, (December 2009), pp. 730-44. Cheung, Yin-Wong, and Xingwang Qian, “Empirics of China's Outward Direct Investment,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 14, No. 3, (August 2009), pp. 312-41. Frankel, Jeffrey A., “The Symposium on 'China's Impact on the Global Economy': New Estimation of China's Exchange Rate Regime,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 14, No. 3, (August 2009), pp. 346-60. Thomas, Charles P., Jaime Marquez, and Sean Fahle, “The Symposium on 'China's Impact on the Global Economy': Measures of International Relative Prices for China and the USA,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 14, No. 3, (August 2009), pp. 376-97. Thorbecke, Willem and Hanjiang Zhang, “The Symposium on 'China's Impact on the China Economic Literature Index March 2010 Page 4 Global Economy': The Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on China's Labour-Intensive Manufacturing Exports,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 14, No. 3, (August 2009), pp. 398-409. Chien, Shiuh-Shen, “Local Responses to Globalization in China: A Territorial Restructuring Process Perspective,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 13, No. 4, (October 2008), pp. 492-517. Ma, Guonan, Robert N. McCauley, “Efficacy of China's Capital Controls: Evidence from Price and Flow Data,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 13, No. 1, (February 2008), pp. 104-23. Zhao, Suisheng, “China’s Global Search for Energy Security: Cooperation and Competition in Asia-Pacific,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 17, No. 55, (2008), pp. 207-227. Pollack, Jonathan, “Energy Insecurity with Chinese and American Characteristics: Implications for Sino-American Relations,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 17, No. 55, (2008), pp. 229-245. Andrews-Speed, Philip and Xin Ma, “Energy Production and Social Marginalisation in China,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 17, No. 55, (2008), pp. 247-272. Zweig, David, and Shulan Ye, “A Crisis is Looming: China's Energy Challenge in the Eyes of University Students,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 17, No. 55, (2008), pp. 273-296. Cheng, Joseph, “A Chinese View of China's Energy Security, “Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 17, No. 55, (2008), pp. 297-317. Guo, Yingjie, “Domestic Openness in post-WTO China: Central and Local Perspectives,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 17, No. 55, (2008), pp. 339-359. Hamid, Javed, and Stoyan Tenev, “Transforming China's Banks: the IFC's Experience,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 17, No. 56, (2008), pp. 449-468. Zhang, Yiwu, “Cultural Challenges of Globalization, Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 17, No. 57, (November 2008), pp. 733-746. Cheung, Gordon, “Made in China vs. Made by Chinese: Global Identities of Chinese Business,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 18, No. 58, (January 2009), pp. 1–5. Pan, Chengxin, “What is Chinese about Chinese Businesses? Locating the 'Rise of China' in Global Production Networks,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 18, CHINA ECONOMIC LITERATURE INDEX March 2010 Page 5 No. 58, (January 2009), pp. 7–25. Ravenhill, John, and Yang Jiang, “China's Move to Preferential Trading: a New Direction in China's Diplomacy,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 18, No. 58, (January 2009), pp. 27–46. Jacobsen, Michael, “Navigating between Disaggregating Nation States and Entrenching Processes of Globalisation: Reconceptualising the Chinese Diaspora in Southeast Asia,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 18, No. 58, (January 2009), pp. 69–91. Gibson, Neil, “The Privatization of Urban Housing in China and its Contribution to Financial System Development,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 18, No. 58, (January 2009), pp. 175–184. Xiao, Ren, “Between Adapting and Shaping: China's Role in Asian Regional Cooperation,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 18, No. 59, (March 2009), pp. 303–320. Das, Dilip, “A Chinese Renaissance in an Unremittingly Integrating Asian Economy,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 18, No. 59, (March 2009), pp. 321–338. Stalley, Phillip, “Can Trade Green China? Participation in the Global Economy and the Environmental Performance of Chinese Firms,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 18, No. 61, (September 2009), pp. 567–590. Wong, Timothy, Po-San Wan, and Kenneth Law, “Public Perceptions of Income Inequality in Hong Kong: Trends, Causes and Implications,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 18, No. 61, (September 2009), pp. 657–673. Yeo, Yukyung, “Remaking the Chinese State and the Nature of Economic Governance? The Early Appraisal of the 2008 'Super-Ministry' Reform,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 18, No. 62, (November 2009), pp. 729–743. Adams, Bill, “Macroeconomic Implications of China Urban Housing Privatization, 1998-1999,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 18, No. 62, (November 2009), pp. 881–888. Yao, Shujie, Dan Luo, and Stephen Morgan, “Impact of the US Credit Crunch and Housing Market Crisis on China,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 19, No. 64, (March 2010), pp. 401–417. Gerlach-Kristen, Petra, “Business Cycle and Inflation Synchronisation in Mainland China and Hong Kong,” International Review of Economics & Finance, Vol. 18, No. 3, China Economic Literature Index March 2010 Page 6 (June 2009), pp. 404-418. Bontempi, Maria Elena, “Entry Strategies into China: The Choice between Joint Ventures and Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprises: An Application to the Italian Manufacturing Sector,” International Review of Economics & Finance, Vol. 18, No. 1, (January 2009), pp. 11-19. Cooka, David E., and Michael B. Devereuxb, “Introduction to the Special Issue of IREF on Macroeconomics of Asia,” International Review of Economics & Finance, Vol. 18, No. 3, (June 2009), pp. 363-365. Gamra, Saoussen Ben, “Does Financial Liberalization Matter for Emerging East Asian Economies Growth? Some New Evidence,” International Review of Economics & Finance, Vol. 18, No. 3, (June 2009), pp. 392-403. Munro, Anella, “A Review of Capital Controls and Capital Flows in Emerging Economies: Policies Practices and Consequences,” International Review of Economics & Finance, Vol. 18, No. 1, (January 2009), pp. 172-174. Guoa, Feng, and Ying Sophie Huang, “Does “Hot money” Drive China's Real Estate and Stock Markets?” International Review of Economics & Finance, Vol. 19, Vol. 3, (June 2010), pp. 452-466. Donga, Jing, and Yan-nan Gou, “Corporate Governance Structure, Managerial Discretion, and the R&D Investment in China,” International Review of Economics & Finance, Vol. 19, No. 2, (April 2010), pp. 180-188. Jalila, Abdul, Mete Feridunb, and Ying Maa, “Finance-Growth Nexus in China Revisited: New Evidence from Principal Components and ARDL Bounds Tests,” International Review of Economics & Finance, Vol. 19, No. 2, (April 2010), pp. 189-195. Liena, Donald, and Yulu Chenb, “Recent Development in China's Financial Markets: An Introduction,” International Review of Economics & Finance, Vol. 19, No. 2, (April 2010), pp. 177-179. Laia, YiHao, and Jen-Ching Tsengb, “The Role of Chinese Stock Market in Global Stock Markets: A Safe Haven or a Hedge?” International Review of Economics & Finance, Vol. 19, No. 2, (April 2010), pp. 211-218. Duara, Prasenjit, “History and Globalization in China's Long Twentieth Century,” Modern China, Vol. 34, No. 1, (January 2008), pp. 152-164. Junya, Ma, “Traditional Finance and China's Agricultural Trade, 1920-1933,” Modern CHINA ECONOMIC LITERATURE INDEX March 2010 Page 7 China, Vol. 34, No. 3, (July 2008), pp. 344-371. Gang, Fan, and Wing Thye Woo, “The Parallel Partial Progression (PPP) Approach to Institutional Transformation in Transition Economies,” Modern China, Vol. 35, No. 4, (July 2009), pp. 352–369. Huang, Philip C. C., “China's Neglected Informal Economy,” Modern China, Vol. 35, No. 4, (July 2009), pp. 405–438. Bramall, Chris, “Out of the Darkness,” Modern China, Vol. 35, No. 4, (July 2009), pp. 439–449. Heilmann, Sebastian, “Maximum Tinkering under Uncertainty,” Modern China, Vol. 35, No. 4, (July 2009), pp. 450–462. Pannell, Clifton W., “China's Economic and Political Penetration in Africa,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 49, No. 6, (December 2008), pp. 706-730. Yeung, Yue-man, Joanna Lee, and Gordon Kee, “China's Special Economic Zones at 30,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 50, No. 2, (April 2009), pp. 222-240. Yeung, Henry, and Wai-chung, “Observations on China's Dynamic Industrial Sector,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 49, No. 5, (October 2008), pp. 509-522. Veeck, Gregory, “China's Exports and Imports of Agricultural Products under the WTO,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 49, No. 5, (October 2008), pp. 569-585. Malle, Silvana, “Economic Transformation in Russia and China: How Do We Compare Success?” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 49, No. 4, (August 2008), pp. 410-444. Aslund, Anders, Penelope B. Prime, “Economic Transformation in Russia and China: Two Comments on A Comparison,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 49, No. 4, (August 2008), pp. 445-456. He, Canfei, and Rong Fu, “Foreign Banking in China: A Study of 279 Branch Units in 32 Cities,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 49, No. 4, (August 2008), pp. 457-480. Liu, Weidong, Wei Wu, “Development of Local Financial Systems in Mainland China,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol.49, No. 2, (April 2008), pp. 160-179. Gaubatz, Piper, “Commercial Redevelopment and Regional Inequality in Urban China Economic Literature Index March 2010 Page 8 China: Xining's Wangfujing?” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 49, No. 2, (April 2008), pp. 180-199. Shen, Jianfa, “Hong Kong under Chinese Sovereignty: Economic Relations with Mainland China, 1978-2007,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 49, No. 3, (June 2008), pp. 326-340. Yeung, Henry Wai-Chung, and Weidong Liu, “Globalizing China: The Rise of Mainland Firms in the Global Economy,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 49, No. 1, (February 2008), pp. 57-86. Miao, Chang-Hong, Yehua Dennis Wei, and Haitao Ma, “Technological Learning and Innovation in China in the Context of Globalization,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 48, No. 6, (December 2007), pp. 713-732. Prime, Penelope B., “China and India Enter Global Markets: A Review of Comparative Economic Development and Future Prospects,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 50, No. 6, (December 2009), pp. 621-642. Thomson, Elspeth, and Horii N, “China's Energy Security: Challenges and Priorities Source,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 50, No. 6, (December 2009), pp. 643-664. Lin, George C. S., “Understanding Land Development Problems in Globalizing China Source,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 51, No. 1, (January 2010), pp. 80-103. Liu, Weidong, Clifton W. Pannell, and Hongguang Liu, “The Global Economic Crisis and China's Foreign Trade Source,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 50, No. 5, (October 2009), pp. 497-512. Cai, Fang, and Kam Wing Chan, “The Global Economic Crisis and Unemployment in China Source,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 50, No. 5, (October 2009), pp. 513-531. Chou, Kuang-Hann, Chien-Hsun Chen, and Chao-Cheng Mai, “A Geospatial Analysis of China's Exports, 1991-2008,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 50, No. 5, (October 2009), pp. 532-546. Yang, Chonglin, and Jessie P. H. Poon, “A Regional Analysis of China's Green GDP,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 50, No. 5, (October 2009), pp. 547-563. Kaminski, Bartlomiej, and Gael Raballand, “Entrepot for Chinese Consumer Goods in Central Asia: The Puzzle of Re-exports through Kyrgyz Bazaars,” Eurasian CHINA ECONOMIC LITERATURE INDEX March 2010 Page 9 Geography and Economics, Vol. 50, No. 5, (October 2009), pp. 581-590. Wang, Enru, “The Service Sector in the Chinese Economy: A Geographic Appraisal,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 50, No. 3, (June 2009), pp. 275-300. II. Latest English Journal Publications and Abstract Zhang, Qian Forrest, John Donaldson, “The Rise of Agrarian Capitalism with Chinese Characteristics: Agricultural Modernization, Agribusiness and Collective Land Rights,” China Journal, Vol. 60, (July 2008), pp. 25-47. Abstract: The article discusses the agricultural transformation taking place in the rural areas of China. Details about the Chinese laws regarding rural reform and the effect they have had on rural Chinese farmers and families are included. The authors examine the expansion of agrarian capitalism in China and describe the rise of agribusiness in rural Chinese areas. The practices of Chinese agribusinesses and the Chinese land rights laws are explored. The relationships between individual farmers and agribusinesses is also examined. Lin, Kun-Chin, “Macroeconomic Disequilibria and Enterprise Reform: Restructuring the Chinese Oil and Petrochemical Industries in the 1990s,” China Journal, Vol. 60, (July 2008), pp. 49-79. Abstract: The article discusses the restructuring of oil and petrochemical industries in China during the time of former Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji. Details are provided about the restructuring plan, which included consolidating state-owned enterprises and Westernizing corporate organization. The disequilibrium in the Chinese oil and petrochemical industries is explored and the affect of Rongji on these industries is also examined. The political and economic factors, such as oil self-sufficiency and the development of the surplus economy, which led to this restructuring are also described. Womack, Brantly, “China between Region and World,” China Journal, Vol. 61, (January 2009), pp.1-20. Abstract: This article reports on China's foreign relations in terms of how they are influenced by external pressures. China is discussed as a region-state due to its size and population, a multi-regional power, and a global presence. The article discusses these three dimensions of China and how they affect its foreign relations with the U.S. and Nepal and, in turn, their views on China. Information is also presented on autonomy, foreign policy, multipolarity, and international cooperation for mutually beneficial objectives. China Economic Literature Index March 2010 Page 10 Liu, Chengfang, Linxiu Zhang, Renfu Luo, and Scott Rozelle, “Infrastructure Investment in Rural China: Is Quality being Compromised during Quantity Expansion?” China Journal, Vol. 61, (January 2009), pp. 105-129. Abstract: This article reports on the rural infrastructure of China and its investment gains in the 2000s. The article discusses plans laid out by the Chinese government to develop policy initiatives for road development, water and irrigation facilities, and electricity and telecommunication infrastructures. The article also discusses the importance of high quality initiatives, noting that a low quality infrastructure can reduce quality of life and productivity. Information is also provided on labor, poverty alleviation, and the satisfaction of the rural population. Chan, Anita, and Jonathan Unger, “A Chinese State Enterprise under the Reforms: What Model of Capitalism?” China Journal, Vol. 62, (July 2009), pp. 1-26. Abstract: The article explores the nature of Chinese state enterprises as capitalistic ventures through the study of a successful distillery from the 1980s through 2009. The information gathered from interviews with five dozen distillery workers conducted between 2002 and 2004 about working conditions is assessed. Distillery operations are compared against neoliberal and organization-oriented industrial models of capitalism. The decision to bestow and expand a range of benefits to employees in the early 2000s is examined. The views of distillery management regarding life-time employment, in-house training, and work-year pay are discussed. Choi, Eun Kyong, “The Politics of Fee Extraction from Private Enterprises, 1996-2003,” China Journal, Vol. 62, (July 2009), pp. 79-102. Abstract: The article examines the problems facing private enterprises in China and the impact of government policies on private business development. Particular attention is paid to the problem of fee extraction by local governments and how these fees differ from user-charges by functioning like quasi-taxes that tend to be negotiable. A major obstacle that arbitrary fee extraction poses for private sector development is a potential decreased incentive for investment. However, it is argued that the side effects of a lightly regulated fee system has been mitigated by the fostering of unique ties between local political leaders and entrepreneurs, especially businessmen with positions in formal political organizations. Kong, Shuyu, “Cultural Propaganda in the Age of Economic Reform: Popular Media and the Social Construction of Shanxi Merchants in Contemporary China,” CHINA ECONOMIC LITERATURE INDEX March 2010 Page 11 China Journal, Vol. 63, (January 2010), pp. 79-99. Abstract: The article discusses popular media and the social construction of Shanxi merchants in contemporary China. Media coverage on topics related to Shanxi merchants is examined. The author explores the social and political uses of the Chinese popular media in promoting the market economy and reforming national subjectivity. The author focuses on the production and promotion of the television documentary "Shanxi Merchants," and the television drama "Qiao Family Compound." A correlation between the formation of the Shanxi merchants and the reconfiguring of social, political, and economic relations in China's economic reform. Deng, Guosheng, and Scott Kennedy, “Big Business and Industry Association Lobbying in China: The Paradox of Contrasting Styles,” China Journal, Vol. 63, (January 2010), pp. 101-125. Abstract: The article discusses big business and industry association lobbying in China. The article attempts to develop a comprehensive and systematic way to analyze business lobbying in China. The author stresses that business lobbying is an integral part of the country's policy process at both the local and national levels. The author explains that "lobbying" is now associated with domestic companies. The effect of corporate influence on the broader economy is examined. The author reviews extant research on government-business relations in China to identify progress to date. Chen, A., “Reducing China's Regional Disparities: Is There a Growth Cost?” China Economic Review, Vol. 21, No. 1, (March 2010), pp. 2-13. Abstract: While China's growth has been spectacular over the past 30years, it has masked growing underlying disparities in the regional distribution of income with coastal provinces growing at a much faster rate than the rest of the country, exacerbating already marked differences in per capita income. Policy focused on addressing these growing disparities has had to face the possibility that spreading growth more evenly around the country will require a sacrifice of the national growth rate. Yet there is almost no empirical evidence that this is so and, if it is, how big the required sacrifice is. This paper contributes to filling this gap by analyzing the relationship between aggregate growth and the inequality of regional output distribution. We use a VAR model to simulate the effects over time on growth of a reduction in inequality and also the effects on inequality of an increase in growth. We find, first, that in the long run a more equal distribution can be obtained without a growth sacrifice. Second, in the China Economic Literature Index March 2010 Page 12 short run a reduction in inequality reduces growth. Third, in the short and long runs an increase in growth actually reduces inequality. Li, C., “Savings, Investment, and Capital Mobility within China,” China Economic Review, Vol. 21, No. 1, (March 2010), pp. 14-23. Abstract: This paper addresses the capital mobility among regions within China. Using a range of panel estimators which deals with the non-stationarity of time series components, individual heterogeneity and common unobserved factors, we show that the savings and investment (both expressed as ratios to GDP) are positively correlated for a sample of 28 Chinese provinces over the period of 1978 to 2006. According to the Feldstein-Horioka's argument (1980, Economic Journal (90), pp.314-329), such a correlation can be interpreted as evidence of low capital mobility. In addition, by means of Granger causality test, we fail to provide consistent evidence to support the hypothesis of efficient capital allocation in China. Combining the results given above, it is believed that the capital may be inefficiently retained within the provincial confines. We conjecture that the intermarriage between financial power and local authorities is primarily responsible for this worrying phenomenon. Sun, L., J.L. Ford, and D.G. Dickinson, “Bank Loans and the Effects of Monetary Policy in China: VAR/VECM approach,” China Economic Review, Vol. 21, No. 1, (March 2010), pp. 65-97. Abstract: In this paper, we test the differential effects of monetary policy shock on aspects of banks' balance sheets (deposits, loans, and securities) across bank categories (aggregate banks, state banks, and non-state banks) as well as on macroeconomic variables (output, consumer price index, exports, imports, and foreign exchange reserves). We do so by estimating VAR/VEC Models to uncover the transmission mechanisms of China's monetary policy. Also we identify the cointegrating vectors to establish the long-run relationship between these variables. By using monthly aggregate bank data and disaggregated data on bank and loan types from 1996 to 2006, our study suggests the existence of a bank lending channel, an interest rate channel and an asset price channel. Furthermore, we discuss and explore the distribution and growth effects of China's monetary policy on China's real economy. In addition, we investigate the effects of China's monetary policy on China's international trade. Finally, we identify the cointegrating vectors among these variables and set up VEC Models to uncover the long-run relationships that connect the CHINA ECONOMIC LITERATURE INDEX March 2010 Page 13 indicators of monetary policy, bank balance sheet variables and the macroeconomic variables in China. Whalley, J., and X. Xin, “China's FDI and non-FDI Economies and the Sustainability of Future High Chinese Growth,” China Economic Review, Vol. 21, No. 1, (March 2010), pp. 123-135. Abstract: This paper presents and assesses of the contribution of inward FDI to China's recent rapid economic growth using a two stage growth accounting approach. Recent econometric literature focuses on testing whether Chinese growth depends on inward FDI rather than measuring the contribution. Foreign Invested Enterprises (FIEs), often (but not exclusively) are joint ventures between foreign companies and Chinese enterprises, and can be thought of as forming a distinctive subpart of the Chinese economy. These enterprises account for over 50% of China's exports and 60% of China's imports. Their share in Chinese GDP has been over 20% in the last two years, but they employ only 3% of the workforce, since their average labor productivity exceeds that of Non-FIEs by around 9:1. Their production is more heavily for export rather than the domestic market because FIEs provide access to both distribution systems abroad and product design for export markets. Our decomposition results indicate that China's FIEs may have contributed over 40% of China's economic growth in 2003 and 2004, and without this inward FDI, China's overall GDP growth rate could have been around 3.4 percentage points lower. We suggest that the sustainability of both China' export and overall economic growth may be questionable if inward FDI plateaus in the future. Deng, Kent G., “Symposium: Lessons from Chinese Economic History: Miracle or Mirage? Foreign Silver, China's Economy and Globalization from the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Centuries,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 13, No. 3, (August 2008), pp. 320-58. Abstract: Ming-Qing China has been seen as positioned at the very centre of the process of early globalization partly due to China's huge appetite for foreign silver for its own commercialization. The findings of this study challenge this view head on by showing that not only did China not import and use nearly as much foreign silver as commonly imagined, silver moved into and also out of China. It served at best as a secondary currency and often worked on a barter basis. The sector which retained the lion's share was the pawnshop for short-term credit mainly for China Economic Literature Index March 2010 Page 14 consumption. Peng, Xiujian, “Demographic Shift, Population Ageing and Economic Growth in China: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 13, No. 5, (December 2008), pp. 680-97. Abstract: Using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model and a given ageing profile of the population to forecast the growth path of China's economy during the twenty-first century, this study finds that: population ageing leads to declining economic growth as labour supply shrinks and the rate of physical capital formation declines; households' material living standards improve, albeit at a declining rate; falling domestic investment partially offsets declining national savings; and the resulting saving-investment surplus generates a current account surplus and capital outflows. Finally, the main force that can sustain China's economic growth against the backdrop of population ageing is productivity improvement. Wong, R. Bin, “Symposium: Lessons from Chinese Economic History: Transformations of China's Post-1949 Political Economy in an Historical Perspective,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 13, No. 3, (August 2008), pp. 291-307. Abstract: This article lays out three different historical perspectives on China's post-1978 economic reform era. It argues that historical perspectives allow us to apprehend features of the Chinese economy as they are formed in particular moments and contexts at the same time as we can appreciate the ways in which the possibilities conceived and achieved both affirm certain past practices and reject others. Without such vantage points it is more difficult to explain the manner in which China's economy has changed in the past 30 years. Tyers, Rod, Iain Bain, and Yongxiang Bu, “China's Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate: A Counterfactual Analysis,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 13, No. 1, (February 2008), pp. 17-39. Abstract: China's 'equilibrium' real effective exchange rate is explored using an adaptation of the Devarajan-Lewis-Robinson three-good general equilibrium model under a variety of assumptions about the balance of trade. The absence of secondary indices of import and export prices necessitates their construction from trade data. Some undervaluation is suggested in the lead-up to and during the financial crisis, due in part to an extraordinary accumulation of foreign reserves following exchange rate integration in 1994. If, instead, China had run a more typical trade balance prior to the crisis its real effective exchange rate would have been higher CHINA ECONOMIC LITERATURE INDEX March 2010 Page 15 by about a tenth. Narayan, Paresh Kumar, and Seema Narayan, “Do Permanent Shocks Explain Income Levels? A Common Cycle-Common Trend Analysis of Regional Income Levels for China,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 13, No. 5, (December 2008), pp. 656-662. Abstract: In this paper, we analyse per capita income levels of China's three main regions: the western region, the eastern region, and the central region using common cycle and common trend tests. Our main contribution is that we impose the common cycle and common trend restrictions in decomposing shocks into permanent and transitory components. We find that: (i) there is evidence for two cointegrating relationships and one common cycle; and (ii) the variance decomposition analysis of shocks provides evidence that over short horizons, permanent shocks play a large role in explaining variations in regional per capita incomes. Flynn, Dennis O., and Arturo Giraldez, “Symposium: Lessons from Chinese Economic History: Born Again: Globalization's Sixteenth Century Origins (Asian/Global versus European Dynamics),” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 13, No. 3, (August 2008), pp. 359-87. Abstract: Globalization began when all heavily populated land masses began interacting--both directly and indirectly via other land masses--in a sustained manner with deep consequences for all interacting regions. Globalization emerged during the sixteenth century. Dynamism emanating from within China played a pivotal role. Valid hypotheses concerning globalization's emergence must accommodate evidence from numerous disciplinary debates. Discussion of globalization's birth in terms of economic issues alone--for example, O'Rourke and Williamson's price convergence of the 1820s--is doomed. The central role of economic history--including Chinese economic history--becomes salient when arguments are formulated in the context of a multidisciplinary, global historical narrative. Peng, Wensheng, Dickson C. Tam, and Matthew S. Yiu, “Property Market and the Macroeconomy of Mainland China: A Cross Region Study,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 13, No. 2, (May 2008), pp. 240-258. Abstract: This paper studies the nexus between the property market and macroeconomy of China in 1998-2004, using panel data models covering 31 provinces and major cities. The estimates suggest three main conclusions. First, there seemed to be a two-way linkage between property China Economic Literature Index March 2010 Page 16 prices and GDP growth. Second, bank credit expansion did not seem to play an 'accelerating' role in property price inflation, although the latter is found to have contributed to bank credit increases in recent years. Third, property price growth may have deviated from fundamentals in coastal areas, as evidenced by a negative relationship between housing and rental prices. Sun, Jianjun, and Nobuyoshi Yamori, “Regional Disparities and Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivity: Evidence from Chinese Listed Firms,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 14, No. 5, (December 2009), pp. 657-67. Abstract: In China, regional disparities are significant. We find that firms in inland regions rely more on their internal funds in terms of their investment activities than those in coastal regions, and that the sensitivity gap between inland and coastal firms widened in the recent contractionary monetary policy period. This suggests that firms in inland regions find it harder to obtain outside funds due to the unfavourable social and economic environments they face. Our findings suggest that capital markets in China respond rationally to the potential impact of regional disparities on a firm's performance. Ikawa, Motomichi, “Reform of the International Monetary System Based on Special Drawing Rights and Its Implications for Asia,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 14, No. 5, (December 2009), pp. 668-81. Abstract: In the midst of the current global economic crisis, China's central bank governor came out with a proposal to reform the international monetary system based on special drawing rights, contrary to the general expectation of the international community. Although many believe the announcement was politically motivated to address the dollar problem, the reform idea may have important bearings upon the future evolution of the economic integration of Asia. This paper reviews the implications of the reform proposal for the Asian region. He, Dong, Zhiwei Zhang, and Wenlang Zhang, “How Large Will Be the Effect of China's Fiscal Stimulus Package on Output and Employment?” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 14, No. 5, (December 2009), pp. 730-44. Abstract: This paper estimates the effect of China's fiscal stimulus package on output and employment. The input-output analysis shows that the package has a multiplier of approximately 0.84 in the short run, generating 18-20 million new jobs in non-farming sectors in the first year. A dynamic structural model shows that the multiplier is around 1.1 in the medium run as fiscal CHINA ECONOMIC LITERATURE INDEX March 2010 Page 17 spending leads to higher household consumption and corporate investment over time. The size of the fiscal multiplier also depends on the cyclical conditions of the economy, the policy environment and the distribution of funds across sectors. Cheung, Yin-Wong, and Xingwang Qian, “Empirics of China's Outward Direct Investment,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 14, No. 3, (August 2009), pp. 312-41. Abstract: We investigate the empirical determinants of China's outward direct investment (ODI). It is found that China's investments in developed and developing countries are driven by different sets of factors. Subject to the differences between developed and developing countries, there is evidence that: (i) both market-seeking and resource-seeking motives drive China's ODI; (ii) Chinese exports to developing countries induce China's ODI; (iii) China's international reserves promote its ODI; and (iv) Chinese capital tends to agglomerate among developed economies but diversify among developing economies. Similar results are obtained using alternative ODI data. We do not find substantial evidence that China invests in African and oil-producing countries mainly for their natural resources. Frankel, Jeffrey A., “The Symposium on 'China's Impact on the Global Economy': New Estimation of China's Exchange Rate Regime,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 14, No. 3, (August 2009), pp. 346-60. Abstract: The present paper updates the question: what precisely is the exchange rate regime that China has put into place since 2005, when it announced a move away from the US dollar peg? Is it a basket anchor with the possibility of cumulatable daily appreciations, as was announced at the time? We apply to this question a new approach of estimating countries' de facto exchange rate regimes, a synthesis of two techniques. One is a technique that has been used in the past to estimate implicit de facto currency weights when the hypothesis is a basket peg with little flexibility. The second is a technique used to estimate the de facto degree of exchange rate flexibility when the hypothesis is an anchor to the US dollar or some other single major currency. Because the RMB and many other currencies today purportedly follow variants of band-basket-crawl, it is important to have available a technique that can cover both dimensions, inferring weights and inferring flexibility. The synthesis adds a variable representing 'exchange market pressure' to the currency basket equation, whereby the degree of flexibility is estimated at the same time as the China Economic Literature Index March 2010 Page 18 currency weights. This approach reveals that by mid-2007, the RMB basket had switched a substantial part of the US dollar's weight onto the euro. The implication is that the appreciation of the RMB against the US dollar during this period was due to the appreciation of the euro against the dollar, not to any upward trend in the RMB relative to its basket. Thomas, Charles P., Jaime Marquez, and Sean Fahle, “The Symposium on 'China's Impact on the Global Economy': Measures of International Relative Prices for China and the USA,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 14, No. 3, (August 2009), pp. 376-97. Abstract: In this paper, we assemble a measure of international relative prices to gauge the average amount by which prices in China and the USA differ from the prices of their trading partners. Our estimated weighted average of relative prices for China and the USA are the first to use the significantly revised purchasing power parities embodied in the price data from the World Bank's World Development Indicators. Our analysis reveals several findings of interest. First, interactions between the structure of trade and the levels of relative prices are sufficiently important to induce divergences between the weighted average of relative prices and conventional real effective exchange-rate indexes. Second, revisions embodied in World Development Indicators price data generally lower the estimate of US international relative prices. Third, net exports are inversely related to the estimate of US international relative price, but, for China, the correlation is positive. Estimating this correlation for other countries reveals no systematic pattern related to the level of development alone. Fourth, unlike previous work, using our price measures we find that an increase in US prices relative to Chinese prices raises the share of China's exports to the USA. Finally, there is a distinct possibility of eliminating the long-standing differential in income elasticities of US trade in empirical applications. Thorbecke, Willem and Hanjiang Zhang, “The Symposium on 'China's Impact on the Global Economy': The Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on China's Labour-Intensive Manufacturing Exports,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 14, No. 3, (August 2009), pp. 398-409. Abstract: Chinese policy-makers fear that an RMB appreciation will reduce low technology exports. We investigate this issue using data on China's exports to 30 countries. We find that an appreciation of the RMB would substantially reduce China's exports of clothing, furniture, and footwear. CHINA ECONOMIC LITERATURE INDEX March 2010 Page 19 We also find that an increase in foreign income, an increase in the Chinese capital stock, and an appreciation among China's competitors would raise China's exports. Because Europe is the second leading exporter of labour-intensive manufactures behind China, these results indicate that the appreciation of the euro relative to the RMB since 2001 has crowded out European exports. Chien, Shiuh-Shen, “Local Responses to Globalization in China: A Territorial Restructuring Process Perspective,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 13, No. 4, (October 2008), pp. 492-517. Abstract: This paper argues that the formation and transformation of local entrepreneurial governances can be understood as a process of local responses to challenges presented by global economic restructuring. Two kinds of local responses are theoretically identified. At the structure level, local entrepreneurial governances happen when places are embedded in the situation of competition between cities and regions. At the agent level, the emergence of local entrepreneurial governances requires local actors who pursue their own political and economic interests. The theoretical framework, what I term 'territorial restructuring process', is empirically explained by the context of the West and China. Ma, Guonan, Robert N. McCauley, “Efficacy of China's Capital Controls: Evidence from Price and Flow Data,” Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 13, No. 1, (February 2008), pp. 104-23. Abstract: The paper argues that China's capital controls remain substantially binding. This has allowed the Chinese authorities to retain some degree of short-term monetary autonomy, despite the fixed exchange rate to July 2005. Although the Chinese capital controls have not been watertight, we find sustained and significant gaps between onshore and offshore renminbi interest rates and persistent dollar/renminbi interest rate differentials during the period of a de facto dollar peg. While some cross-border flows do respond to market expectations and relative yields, they have not been large enough to equalise onshore and offshore renminbi yields. Zhao, Suisheng, “China’s Global Search for Energy Security: Cooperation and Competition in Asia-Pacific,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 17, No. 55, (2008), pp. 207-227. Abstract: China has adopted a state-centered approach towards energy security to China Economic Literature Index March 2010 Page 20 deepen political and commercial relationships with all energy producing nations and to aggressively invest in oil fields and pipelines around the world. Applying this approach to its relations with its Asia-Pacific neighbors has produced mixed results. While China's energy diplomacy has brought about opportunities for cooperation with some of its neighbors, notably some countries in Central Asia and continental Southeast Asia, it has become a source of conflict with some other neighbors, especially those with border disputes over maritime territories which may have rich natural resources. This paper examines China's state-led search for energy security and its implications for China's relations with Asia-Pacific countries. Pollack, Jonathan, “Energy Insecurity with Chinese and American Characteristics: Implications for Sino-American Relations,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 17, No. 55, (2008), pp. 229-245. Abstract: This paper reviews Chinese and American energy futures, focusing in particular on long-term oil supply and demand, policy deliberations in China and (to a lesser extent) the United States on energy strategy and its implications for national-level decision making, and the implications of Sino-American energy futures for bilateral relations. There is far more commonality in the energy requirements of both countries than is often acknowledged, but this overlap is often obscured by domestic political agendas, corporate and bureaucratic interests, and the increasing tendency to view energy as a defense planning issue, in particular with reference to future Chinese and US maritime strategies. The conditions for heightened Sino-American energy collaboration exist, and some important initial steps have been undertaken toward this end. But sustained and far more vigorous governmental and institutional interactions will be needed to forestall the potential for heightened antagonism in the longer-term energy futures of both countries. Andrews-Speed, Philip and Xin Ma, “Energy Production and Social Marginalisation in China,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 17, No. 55, (2008), pp. 247-272. Abstract: The exploitation and production of primary energy resources and the supply of this energy is critical for China's economic development. Despite the obvious economic benefit to the nation, this energy production has had significant negative socio-economic impacts on certain groups of people at local and national scales. This paper documents three cases of energy production in China and demonstrates that, in each case, CHINA ECONOMIC LITERATURE INDEX March 2010 Page 21 marginalisation of social groups has either been created or has been enhanced. These cases are the Three Gorges Dam, the Yumen oilfield, and township and village coal mines. The causes of this marginalisation have their roots in the structures, processes and approaches taken in the making and implementation of national policy in China, and are compounded by poor regulation and monitoring, poor civil rights, and the tension between central and local governments. The government which came to power in 2003 recognised the extent and importance of these social challenges relating to energy production, and has started to take steps to address them. Zweig, David, and Shulan Ye, “A Crisis is Looming: China's Energy Challenge in the Eyes of University Students,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 17, No. 55, (2008), pp. 273-296. Abstract: This paper uses a survey at six universities in China to analyze university students' views on China's energy problems. It finds that gender, the nature and location of a student's original community, and their level of education affects students' views about China's energy problems, as well as the types of solutions that are deemed to be most appropriate to manage this looming crisis. University students are quite concerned about China's energy situation. For them, it is already a crisis. They fear China will be controlled due to resource dependency, see the US as China's primary energy competitor, all the while advocating a more hawkish attitude towards Japan in the East China Sea. But, they look foremost to domestic solutions to this crisis, such as enhanced conservation, more efficient use of energy, new technologies, enhancing China's strategic reserve, and increased government taxation, particularly of large enterprises. When they look abroad, they support diversifying energy sources, increasing energy cooperation, particularly with Russia and Central Asia (but not with Japan), and some increase of the navy's role in enhancing sea lane and energy security. Cheng, Joseph, “A Chinese View of China's Energy Security, “Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 17, No. 55, (2008), pp. 297-317. Abstract: This article attempts to examine how China perceives its energy security issues. A survey of its research on energy issues offers hints on how experts influence the Chinese leadership. This article briefly looks at the assessment of the energy situation in China and the policy programmes released to tackle the problems. It then analyses the policy programmes China Economic Literature Index March 2010 Page 22 and evaluates the overall strategy. It mainly relies on published data from China to reflect a Chinese view. China in some ways would like to follow Japan's example in response to the international oil crises in the 1970s, i.e. upgrade its industrial structure, introduce energy conservation measures, develop new sources of energy supply, and engage in an 'energy diplomacy' to diversify and guarantee its energy supply. Guo, Yingjie, “Domestic Openness in post-WTO China: Central and Local Perspectives,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 17, No. 55, (2008), pp. 339-359. Abstract: This article seeks answers to three basic questions about the WTO's impact on domestic openness in China: is China a more open society as a result of its WTO membership; in what way has the WTO affected reform and openness; and, is WTO membership leading to political liberalization or translating into a demand for democracy as democracy advocates predicted? To this end, it identifies and analyzes the WTO-related reforms at central and local levels which have had the strongest impact thus far on openness to Chinese citizens. The analysis focuses on the reduction of the Party-state's control of economic activity as manifested in decreasing state monopoly and bureaucratic intervention in the sphere of economic activity, improved legal regulation, and increasing transparency of trade-related rules and rule-making. It argues that the varied depth and scope of the WTO's impact are attributable to differences in the congruence between the WTO principles and China's domestic political logic and the varying levels of effectiveness of external and internal pressure for change. Hamid, Javed, and Stoyan Tenev, “Transforming China's Banks: the IFC's Experience,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 17, No. 56, (2008), pp. 449-468. Abstract: China's progress in fixing its banking system has surprised observers. Successful experiments, some of them involving foreign investors, have emerged in China to deal with the problems of the banking system. The International Finance Corporation (IFC), the private sector arm of the World Bank Group, has played an active role in piloting some of these approaches in close cooperation with the regulator and other strategic investors. In the period 1995-2000, IFC's strategy was to work with one or two banks to help improve their governance and skills. The idea was to create some model banks which could be emulated by others and used by the regulators to introduce modern banking practices. Once the corporate governance and business practices of these banks improved, then the IFC CHINA ECONOMIC LITERATURE INDEX March 2010 Page 23 was able to attract foreign banks to invest in these banks. These investments encouraged other foreign banks to consider taking minority stakes in the smaller banks. The success of these experiments gave confidence to the Chinese authorities to open up the big state-owned banks for foreign investment and encouraged big international banks to invest large sums of money to take minority stakes in the big banks. While progress in reform has been remarkable, the real and sustainable transformation of the Chinese banks is far from over and will be a lengthy process. Significant challenges such as improving corporate governance and credit risk management remain. Despite the significant opening of the banking system to foreign direct investment, foreign ownership in the Chinese banking system remains low by international standards. Even with existing limitations on foreign ownership, foreign strategic investors are contributing to the transformation of Chinese banks and their role remains highly relevant for the continued reform of the Chinese banking system. Zhang, Yiwu, “Cultural Challenges of Globalization, Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 17, No. 57, (November 2008), pp. 733-746. Abstract: Globalization is an inescapable fact that conditions daily life in China today. To squarely confront this fact, two mythologies regarding globalization and China must be avoided. The first is the romanticization of globalization, which turns the trend into an all-purpose solution to China's problems that will introduce 'universal' values to the Chinese people. In fact, Chinese people should maintain a critical distance from the phenomenon and realize that so-called 'universal' values often turn out to be self-serving 'Western' values. On the other hand, there is also the mythology that globalization is not happening in China at all, but is rather a process occurring elsewhere that does not affect the daily life of the Chinese people. Various examples from contemporary fiction and film prove this observation to be wrong. Moreover, they point the way to a possible response to the challenges of globalization: a community ethic that keeps the Chinese people grounded in their local environment and dependent upon each other to face and overcome the difficulties of globalization together. Cheung, Gordon, “Made in China vs. Made by Chinese: Global Identities of Chinese Business,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 18, No. 58, (January 2009), pp. 1–5. Abstract: The interaction between two perspectives—China as a world factory and China Economic Literature Index March 2010 Page 24 Chinese business knowledge—has been complicated by the ever greater tensions generated from the national—China—and the transnational actors—Chinese—in understanding the economic driving force behind the real meanings of the rise of China. The construction process of the rise of Chinese economic power puts the state in direct contact with regional and global economic/political changes. On the one hand, Chinese business knowledge, identities, economic and political interactions also give rise to the notion of network building and sub-regional development, which help transcend country-specific relations. On the other hand, the notion of the rise of China is still being re-constructed through the interplay between regional and global political economy. Pan, Chengxin, “What is Chinese about Chinese Businesses? Locating the 'rise of China' in Global Production Networks,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 18, No. 58, (January 2009), pp. 7–25. Abstract: There is an implicit but commonly held assumption that Chinese businesses are distinctively Chinese. Casting them in unitary and national terms, this assumption has often provided the underpinnings for the conception of the strength of Chinese businesses as signs of an emerging China threat. Drawing on a global production networks (GPN) approach, this paper aims to question the assumption by arguing that many Chinese businesses, embedded in the expanding global and regional production networks, have taken on important transnational characteristics. Given these transnational connections, Chinese business networks in both 'Greater China' and China proper are characterized more by diversity and fragmentation than by cultural coherence and homogeneity. This analysis of the transnationalization and fragmentation of contemporary Chinese businesses helps better understand and respond to the complex challenge posed by the economic dynamism in China. Ravenhill, John, and Yang Jiang, “China's Move to Preferential Trading: a New Direction in China's Diplomacy,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 18, No. 58, (January 2009), pp. 27–46. Abstract: China was a latecomer to the preferential trading bandwagon that has swept East Asia in the years since the financial crises. The Chinese government was unwilling to go down the path of negotiating bilateral and minilateral agreements until the terms of its accession to the World Trade Organization were finalized. Since then, it has become one of the most active participants in the negotiation of preferential trading CHINA ECONOMIC LITERATURE INDEX March 2010 Page 25 arrangements, currently being engaged in negotiations with more than 20 countries. The paper will address the following questions about China's move to preferential trade: (a) What forces are driving China's approach to the negotiation of preferential trade agreements? (b) To what extent is it possible to untangle economic and political motivations in China's choice of partners for PTA negotiations? And, which economic interests are being pursued most aggressively? (c) How are conflicting domestic interests reconciled in the policy-making process? (d) To what extent will the new PTAs facilitate Chinese-dominated production networks in the regions? (e) What overall impact will the PTAs have on the Chinese economy? Jacobsen, Michael, “Navigating between Disaggregating Nation States and Entrenching Processes of Globalisation: Reconceptualising the Chinese Diaspora in Southeast Asia,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 18, No. 58, (January 2009), pp. 69–91. Abstract: This paper argues that the fluidity that permeates the contemporary international community is driven by especially political and economic globalisation, which has a huge impact on the relationship between the nation and the state. As the individual nation state is increasingly dependent on the international community for its economic survival this dependency on the global has as a consequence that it rolls back aspects of national sovereignty thus opening up the national hinterland for further international influences. These developments initiate a process of disaggregating state and nation, meaning that a gradual disarticulation of the relationship between state and nation produces new societal spaces, which are contested by non-statist interest groups and transnational more or less deterritorialised ethnic affiliated groups and networks. The argument forwarded in this article is that Southeast Asians of Chinese descent utilise these newly created spaces for setting up diasporic-like networks thus providing substance for transnational ethnoscapes or nations without states. Gibson, Neil, “The Privatization of Urban Housing in China and its Contribution to Financial System Development,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 18, No. 58, (January 2009), pp. 175–184. Abstract: The privatization of urban housing and the subsequent development of a mortgage market have played a major role in the development of China's financial system. This paper explores the history and development of China's urban housing market, its impact on the financial system, and the China Economic Literature Index March 2010 Page 26 government's efforts to grapple with new issues that have surfaced alongside these reforms. This paper concludes that although housing privatization has helped strengthen the financial standing of state-owned enterprises, urban residents, and commercial banks alike, systematic weaknesses must be addressed in order to promote sustainable economic growth. Xiao, Ren, “Between Adapting and Shaping: China's Role in Asian Regional Cooperation,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 18, No. 59, (March 2009), pp. 303–320. Abstract: This paper attempts to examine the process of China's participation in regional cooperation in Asia and the factors that affect its participation. It focuses on a changing China-ASEAN relationship that is reshaping Asia. To build a peaceful and stable external environment, China has been making various efforts, political, economic and in the security field, to maintain and upgrade a harmonious and constructive relationship with its neighboring East Asian countries. Politically, China acceded to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia (TAC), essentially accepting the code of conduct stipulated by ASEAN and prompting other regional countries to observe this code. China has been supportive of ASEAN, playing a leadership role in East Asian regional cooperation. China and Asian regional cooperation is an evolving concept and a couple of theoretical points may be taken into account, such as how regional cooperation influences major powers' international behavior and vice versa. Das, Dilip, “A Chinese Renaissance in an Unremittingly Integrating Asian Economy,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 18, No. 59, (March 2009), pp. 321–338. Abstract: This paper attempts to address an imperative topic in Asian economic development: the relationship between China's economic expansion and Asian economic growth. It tries to answer the all important query, whether China's economic ascent is a threat or an opportunity for the Asian economies. Due to the size of its economy, its openness and the rapidity of its GDP growth, China is swaying the individual Asian economies as well as the regional economy. When a significant-size economy is growing almost three times as rapidly as the global economy, the neighboring economies cannot possibly expect to remain impervious. Various issues are analyzed in the paper, including foreign direct investment inflows and impacts, regional production networks, plausible CHINA ECONOMIC LITERATURE INDEX March 2010 Page 27 scenarios for China and the remaining Asian economies, and strategy for coping with China's rapid development. Although some Asian economies and some sectors will face adverse effects—short- or long-term—of China's rapid growth, the apocalyptic predictions are grossly overdone. For the most part, the impact of China's rapid growth can be mutually beneficial. This is the conclusive idea of this paper. Stalley, Phillip, “Can Trade Green China? Participation in the Global Economy and the Environmental Performance of Chinese Firms,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 18, No. 61, (September 2009), pp. 567–590. Abstract: How does participation in the global economy influence the pollution management practices of firms in a developing country? Research on trade and the environment leads one to anticipate that integration into the international economy should enhance domestic firm environmental behavior. Integration facilitates access to cleaner technology, exposes domestic firms to global norms of corporate environmentalism, and compels developing country firms to meet trading partners' environmental standards or risk losing market access. This article tests these propositions by exploring the environmental compliance of internationally oriented firms in China—a country whose rapid economic expansion and increasingly prominent role as a foreign investor have considerable implications for protection of the global environment. It finds that there is only modest market-induced enhancement of environmental performance among Chinese companies. In terms of their compliance with environmental law, Chinese firms with connections to the global economy are either no better than domestically oriented companies or, in the case of firms that export heavily, are worse. Wong, Timothy, Po-San Wan, and Kenneth Law, “Public Perceptions of Income Inequality in Hong Kong: Trends, Causes and Implications,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 18, No. 61, (September 2009), pp. 657–673. Abstract: This article examines the patterns and changes in public perceptions of domestic income inequality in Hong Kong in the past two decades and explains individual variations in these perceptions. It found that the perceived seriousness of income disparities had been persistently high, while the perceived unjustness of income disparities showed a fluctuating trend. Our findings lent partial support to the structural position thesis that the privileged groups are less likely than the underprivileged groups to consider existing income disparities to be serious and unjust. China Economic Literature Index March 2010 Page 28 Nonetheless, the popular understanding of poverty is still biased towards 'individual' explanations, and this perhaps explains why the government is less willing to tackle the economic and political foundations of poverty in Hong Kong. Yeo, Yukyung, “Remaking the Chinese State and the Nature of Economic Governance? The Early Appraisal of the 2008 'Super-Ministry' Reform,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 18, No. 62, (November 2009), pp. 729–743. Abstract: This report explains the shifts and strains in the 2008 super-ministry government reform, focusing on the reform of government institutions of economic governance. Drawing on interviews with officials and scholars in Beijing after the reform, and on Chinese-language reports and books, this study suggests that the key to substantial progress in remaking the Chinese state into a macroeconomic regulator is the reform of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), which was lacking in the 2008 scheme. Its powerful authority for investment endorsement is particularly problematic. A continued administrative malaise in the energy sector and strategically articulated state engagement in industrial development also should be noted as the salient features of China's economic governance. Adams, Bill, “Macroeconomic Implications of China Urban Housing Privatization, 1998-1999,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 18, No. 62, (November 2009), pp. 881–888. Abstract: This paper presents evidence on the context, magnitude, and probable macroeconomic impacts of the privatization of Chinese urban housing in the 1998-1999 period. Various sources suggest that approximately one half of urban housing stocks were sold by work units to their residents at prices likely between one-fifth and four-fifths of their fair value during the period in question. This transaction significantly increased the wealth of urban Chinese households and improved the cash flows of state-owned enterprises. The case demonstrates the reaction of Chinese economic policymaking to economic stresses, and the capacity of the Chinese state to manage the business cycle. Yao, Shujie, Dan Luo, and Stephen Morgan, “Impact of the US Credit Crunch and Housing Market Crisis on China,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 19, No. 64, (March 2010), pp. 401–417. Abstract: Similarities between the US, the UK and the Chinese housing markets, including the movements of interest rates and house prices, and the CHINA ECONOMIC LITERATURE INDEX March 2010 Page 29 exposure of some Chinese banks to the US mortgage securitization market, have triggered concern about whether China could experience a US-style credit and housing market crisis. Significant differences between China and Western economies make that unlikely in the near future. China's booming house market has been supported by fast economic growth, rapid urbanization and high domestic savings. Chinese banks have also been less exposed to mortgage defaults than their Western counterparts. However, the relative underdevelopment of the financial system—credit monitoring and asset securitization—may expose China to domestic mortgage lending-related crises. Gerlach-Kristen, Petra, “Business Cycle and Inflation Synchronisation in Mainland China and Hong Kong,” International Review of Economics & Finance, Vol. 18, No. 3, (June 2009), pp. 404-418. Abstract: This paper uses annual data spanning 1962 to 2003 to examine whether business and inflation cycles have become more similar across Chinese provinces as the economy has been liberalised and modernised. We find evidence of synchronisation, although business cycles in a group of mainly northwestern provinces appear to have diverged from those in the rest of China. Both the business and inflation cycles in Hong Kong seem to have become increasingly synchronised with those in the Mainland over recent years. Bontempi, Maria Elena, “Entry Strategies into China: The Choice between Joint Ventures and Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprises: An Application to the Italian Manufacturing Sector,” International Review of Economics & Finance, Vol. 18, No. 1, (January 2009), pp. 11-19. Abstract: We investigate the entry choice between Joint Ventures and Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprises in the Chinese market. The analysis is based on Italian firms, thus allowing to evaluate the behaviour of also small-medium sized companies — usually less focused on by the literature on entry modes. The data, mainly from a questionnaire, supply detailed enterprise-level information and make possible to properly measure and evaluate the impact on entry modes of several variables such as innovation, internationalization, and, new in the empirical literature on this issue, corporate capital structure. Cooka, David E., and Michael B. Devereuxb, “Introduction to the Special Issue of IREF on Macroeconomics of Asia,” International Review of Economics & Finance, Vol. 18, No. 3, (June 2009), pp. 363-365. China Economic Literature Index March 2010 Page 30 Abstract: This issue of the International Review of Economics and Finance gathers together some papers that study macroeconomic and financial questions relating to the economies of Asia. The Asian continent is both the largest in geographical size and the most populous. Arguably, it has also been the most dynamic region of the world economy in recent periods. Between 2000 and 2006, the average continuous growth rate of PPP converted gross national income per capita in the East Asia and Pacific region was more than 5.7% per year faster than growth in the world as a whole. Growth in PPP converted gross national income per capita in the South Asian region over the same time frame was 2.7% faster than the world as a whole. This growth has had a direct impact on the international trading system. In 2000, total exports averaged 36% of total GDP in East Asia; in 2006, this figure had grown to 47%. Exports were 14% of South Asian GDP in 2000 and 22% in 2006. Given the large size of the continent, growth at this rate will make the region increasingly central to the global economy. Gamra, Saoussen Ben, “Does Financial Liberalization Matter for Emerging East Asian Economies Growth? Some New Evidence,” International Review of Economics & Finance, Vol. 18, No. 3, (June 2009), pp. 392-403. Abstract: This paper investigates the empirical relationship between financial liberalization and economic growth in East Asian region. The empirical literature suggests that there is a mixed link between financial liberalization and growth in emerging countries. Panel data techniques using LS, TSLS, and GMM are employed to shed some light on the empirical debate, we examine this issue in 6 major emerging East Asian countries over the period 1980–2002. The main result is that financial liberalization's growth effect depends on the nature as well as the intensity of financial sectors liberalization. Full liberalization of the financial sector has been associated with slower growth outcomes while more moderate partial liberalization is associated with more positive outcomes. Munro, Anella, “A Review of Capital Controls and Capital Flows in Emerging Economies: Policies Practices and Consequences,” International Review of Economics & Finance, Vol. 18, No. 1, (January 2009), pp. 172-174. Abstract: Managing capital flows is one of the most difficult issues facing policy makers in emerging economies. This book documents the complexities of the issues surrounding capital flows and their control, and the range and depth of the debate concerning the most appropriate policy choices. In the early 1990s, these issues were thought to be largely resolved in favor of the CHINA ECONOMIC LITERATURE INDEX March 2010 Page 31 elimination of capital controls in emerging market economies, a move that would naturally follow the removal of restrictions on current account transactions. By the 1990s most emerging markets had adopted the IMF's Article VIII which commits member Governments not to impose restrictions on trade and services payments. The benefits from the elimination of current account restrictions were by then also so obvious that the Interim Committee of the IMF in 1997 proposed that their Articles of Agreement be extended to include jurisdiction over the elimination of capital account restrictions. Guoa, Feng, and Ying Sophie Huang, “Does “Hot Money” Drive China's Real Estate and Stock Markets?” International Review of Economics & Finance, Vol. 19, Vol. 3, (June 2010), pp. 452-466. Abstract: The paper investigates the extent of the impact from “hot money” or speculative capital inflow on the fluctuations of China's real estate market and stock market. The results indicate that hot money has driven up property prices as well as contributed to the accelerating volatilities in both markets due to its enormous size and its short-term characteristic of investing. In particular, we find that hot money ranks as the second largest contributor in the fluctuations of China's real estate prices. In the “risky” regime, which corresponds to more inflows and higher volatility of hot money, the effects are even more prominent. Donga, Jing, and Yan-nan Gou, “Corporate Governance Structure, Managerial Discretion, and the R&D Investment in China,” International Review of Economics & Finance, Vol. 19, No. 2, (April 2010), pp. 180-188. Abstract: This article studies the influence of corporate governance factors on firm R&D investment in a transitional economy like China. By using the data from the listed companies in China, this article statistically tests the hypotheses on the relations between corporate R&D intensity and managerial discretion of CEOs, independent outside directors, degree of share concentration, share held by the state, and share held by a manager. According to the results, the managerial discretion of CEOs has a significant and negative correlation with the firm R&D investment. The number of the independent outside directors in the board has a positive influence on the R&D investment. And as the shares held by a manager increase, the firm R&D intensity will decrease at first, and then increase along an inverted parabolic curve. All these findings show that the improvement of corporate governance and stock incentive plan, and the China Economic Literature Index March 2010 Page 32 cultivation of active and long-term stock investors, may finally lead to the upgrade of corporate innovation capabilities. Jalila, Abdul, Mete Feridunb, and Ying Maa, “Finance-Growth Nexus in China Revisited: New Evidence from Principal Components and ARDL Bounds Tests,” International Review of Economics & Finance, Vol. 19, No. 2, (April 2010), pp. 189-195. Abstract: This article re-examines the finance-growth nexus in China using principal components analysis and ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration. The results suggest that principal components have an effective role in examining the links between growth and financial development and, that financial development fosters economic growth. Liena, Donald, and Yulu Chenb, “Recent Development in China's Financial Markets: An Introduction,” International Review of Economics & Finance, Vol. 19, No. 2, (April 2010), pp. 177-179. Abstract: Since adopting reformist and open-door policy thirty years ago, Chinese economy has experienced tremendous growth particularly in the most recent decades. Along the path, we witness the development and structural changes in China's financial market. This special issue contains five articles spanning from macroeconomic to microeconomic topics related to China's financial markets. Specifically, what was the relationship between China's economic growth and financial development? How had soft budget constraints affected Chinese firms' investment decisions? What determined Chinese companies' R&D intensity? How did Chinese financial market interact with world financial system? What was the behavior of China's IPO market? Laia, YiHao, and Jen-Ching Tsengb, “The Role of Chinese Stock Market in Global Stock Markets: A Safe Haven or a Hedge?” International Review of Economics & Finance, Vol. 19, No. 2, (April 2010), pp. 211-218. Abstract: The contribution of the study is threefold. First, the paper proposes a new empirically testable definition for a safe haven and a hedge from the viewpoint of extreme and regular dependences measured by a modern statistical tool of copulas. Second, this paper investigates the extreme and regular dependences between the Chinese and the G7 stock markets, using a mixture copula specification, and the results reveal that the Chinese stock market has been not only a hedge but also a safe haven for the G7 stock markets all these years. Finally, this study suggests that the Chinese stock market is the target market for global stock fund managers and CHINA ECONOMIC LITERATURE INDEX March 2010 Page 33 international investors, who are seeking a hedge or a safe haven for their portfolios, under turbulence. Duara, Prasenjit, “History and Globalization in China's Long Twentieth Century,” Modern China, Vol. 34, No. 1, (January 2008), pp. 152-164. Abstract: This commentary reflects on the contributions of the five principal essayists in this volume of Modern China. It seeks to grasp the role and weight of historical and distinctively Chinese factors in relation to global forces operating in China since the early twentieth century in these macroscopic essays. Building on their contributions, I develop a "globalization paradigm" in which the embeddedness of nations in global discourses and practices are often misrecognized as national and domestic. But while many national practices represent globally familiar reactions to recognized global tendencies, several of these essays help us to identify often unarticulated historical tendencies and emergent practices, including those from the Chinese socialist experience. They suggest ways in which Chinese and global practices become intertwined, as for instance adaptations of the Qing imperial idea to the current day. These practices not only make China different from other nations, but also have the potential to make a difference in the world. Junya, Ma, “Traditional Finance and China's Agricultural Trade, 1920-1933,” Modern China, Vol. 34, No. 3, (July 2008), pp. 344-371. Abstract: This article analyzes the operation of modern China's nationwide traditional financial network. The network was hierarchical, with Shanghai as the center. Coexisting with the center, however, were several distinct regionally oriented subsystems in the Lower Yangzi Valley, North China, Central China, and South China. Each subsystem had its own financial center, which was the center for many regional, or lower level, markets. Each of these regional financial centers was surrounded by many even smaller subcenters, which extended level by level down to the bottom of the entire financial system: the local township markets. In this way, all Chinese rural households were incorporated into the financial network through local markets. Therefore, the flow of currency between the financial centers and subcenters was the true link between the central markets and local markets, and the trade in agricultural products created the real tie that connected rural households with various markets. Gang, Fan, and Wing Thye Woo, “The Parallel Partial Progression (PPP) Approach to Institutional Transformation in Transition Economies,” Modern China, Vol. 35, China Economic Literature Index March 2010 Page 34 No. 4, (July 2009), pp. 352–369. Abstract: Many economists have attributed China's high growth to the implementation of the correct sequence of reforms. The authors reject this interpretation because it does not characterize the reform process correctly; it does not recognize adequately the interaction among reforms that sustains the progress of each individual reform; and optimal sequences exist only when the policy maker is constrained to introducing only one new policy measure at a time (so-called optimality disappears once simultaneous implementation of policies is allowed). We propose the parallel partial progression approach as the alternative conceptual framework for the gradualist approach. Parallel partial progression is not the same as the step-by-step sequencing approach because a “partial reform” is not a “completed step.” Simultaneous partial implementation is preferable to policy sequencing because it eliminates the costs of incoherence among policies. Incoherence among reforms results could cause a “reform bottleneck,” and the two major bottlenecks that China is facing right now are financial reform and political reform. Huang, Philip C. C., “China's Neglected Informal Economy,” Modern China, Vol. 35, No. 4, (July 2009), pp. 405–438. Abstract: The informal economy—defined as workers who have no security of employment, receive few or no benefits, and are often unprotected by labor laws—in China today accounts for 168 million of the 283 million urban employed, but the official statistical apparatus in China still does not gather systematic data on the informal economy. Part of the reason for the neglect is the misleading influence of mainstream economic and sociological theories, which have come from the “economic dualism,” “three-sector hypothesis,” and “olive-shaped” social structure theories that held great influence in the United States in the 1960s. This article reviews the core elements of that modernization model, the “revolution” in development economics that followed in the 1970s and 1980s, and the “counterrevolution” from neoclassical economics that came with the rising ideological tide of neoconservatism. The article argues for a balanced theoretical perspective that can more appropriately capture the realities of the informal economy today. Bramall, Chris, “Out of the Darkness,” Modern China, Vol. 35, No. 4, (July 2009), pp. 439–449. Abstract: China's rapid economic growth since 1978 has occurred precisely because it CHINA ECONOMIC LITERATURE INDEX March 2010 Page 35 has not followed the strategy of parallel partial progression and financial liberalization advocated by Fan and Woo. However, China missed an historic opportunity to build welfare capitalism in the 1980s and 1990s, choosing instead to dismantle its rural health care and educational systems and—as Philip Huang rightly argues—failing to secure workers' right in the burgeoning informal sector. In these respects, China's transition path has been far inferior to that of Britain in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Nevertheless, the global financial crisis of 2008-2009 has discredited Anglo-Saxon capitalism and presents a renewed opportunity for China to build a form of xiaokang socialism modeled on the Rheinish capitalism that was so successful in countries such as France, Germany, and Japan before 1989. Heilmann, Sebastian, “Maximum Tinkering under Uncertainty,” Modern China, Vol. 35, No. 4, (July 2009), pp. 450–462. Abstract: At a time when many Western standard recipes for economic policy are losing credibility, it is imperative to step back from past orthodox explanations and rethink the unconventional approaches to managing economic change that we find in China's developmental experience. The key to understanding the adaptability of China's political economy over the last few decades lies in the unusual combination of extensive policy experimentation with long-term policy prioritization. China can serve as an extremely instructive place to look for lessons on creative management of uncertainty in policy making. Pannell, Clifton W., “China's Economic and Political Penetration in Africa,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 49, No. 6, (December 2008), pp. 706-730. Abstract: A senior American specialist on China and noted geographer presents a study of that country's economic and political penetration into the African continent. The author identifies three key elements of China's objectives and plan. namely (1) support for Chinese policies in international affairs, particularly with regard to Taiwan. (2) search for oil and other mineral resources, and (3) creation of a new market for Chinese goods and services in tandem with additional jobs in China. The paper includes tour case studies highlighting economic activities stimulated by Chinese loans and investments in the Republic of South Africa, Egypt, Sudan, and Angola. Considerable attention is devoted to oil imports, exports of cheap consumer goods, and construction and repair of infrastructure by Chinese technicians and laborers, as well as the competition between Chinese China Economic Literature Index March 2010 Page 36 imports and host-country manufacturing and the PRC's diplomatic support of rogue African nations. Yeung, Yue-man, Joanna Lee, and Gordon Kee, “China's Special Economic Zones at 30,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 50, No. 2, (April 2009), pp. 222-240. Abstract: Three Hong Kong-based geographers assess retrospectively the performance of special economic zones (SFZs) in China on the eve of the 30(th) anniversary of their founding. After exploring the general rationale and historical context for the launching of the SEZ concept, they devote considerable attention to the divergent development paths and outcomes of the five SEZs established in China during the 1980s. Of particular importance has been the differing specific roles, assigned to the SEZs based on their internal characteristics as well as location relative to (and interactions with) areas of intense commercial activity (Hong Kong and Macao) subsequently Corning Under Chinese sovereignty. The paper concludes by viewing the past performance of the SFZs within the context of the gathering momentum of globalization that afforded entry for their export-oriented manufacturing activities into world markets, and explores some implications of the current worldwide financial crisis for their future. Yeung, Henry, and Wai-chung, “Observations on China's Dynamic Industrial Sector,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 49, No. 5, (October 2008), pp. 509-522. Abstract: A prominent economic geographer presents a structured overview of China's dynamic industrial sector, framed as an introduction to two empirical papers on the country's automobile and Internet industries. Engaging with these two papers and drawing on 2008 data (through August) from the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the author offers five insightful observations on the sector formulated during the onset of the global financial crisis in early October. He demonstrates some key features of the nature of growth and diversification of Chinese industries and their relationship with foreign capital, and focuses on the twin core issues of the socio-spatially uneven development and weak technological capability of the Country's industries. The paper's concluding section points to an emerging agenda for future economic-geographical research. Veeck, Gregory, “China's Exports and Imports of Agricultural Products under the WTO,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 49, No. 5, (October 2008), pp. 569-585. Abstract: An American economic geographer specializing in the agricultural sector CHINA ECONOMIC LITERATURE INDEX March 2010 Page 37 of China's economy presents a study of that country's trade in agricultural products. The paper is focused on patterns of change in the regional distribution of agricultural and aquacultural exports and imports before and after China's accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001. Drawing on research during the course of a field trip in July 2008 and utilizing data compiled by China's Customs Bureau, the author provides a comprehensive assessment of the country's trade with 10 major world regions through the year 2007. Malle, Silvana, “Economic Transformation in Russia and China: How Do We Compare Success?” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 49, No. 4, (August 2008), pp. 410-444. Abstract: One of Europe's leading international economists compares the economic,, of Russia and China by tracing the evolution of their transformation from central planning to market-oriented systems. The paper singles out the respective structural and policy constraints and the importance of political decisions in moving ahead with reforms in crucial years when the dangers of reversals have materialized. It analyzes, inter alia. the reasons tor present growth in both countries, which is robust in Russia and impressive in China. While macroeconomic performance indicators are commonly used to compare success and work out projections, the author argues that underlying structural and political contexts as well as institutional problems of a different nature in each Country provide the key to our understanding of the respective obstacles to sustainable growth. Aslund, Anders, Penelope B. Prime, “Economic Transformation in Russia and China: Two Comments on A Comparison,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 49, No. 4, (August 2008), pp. 445-456. Abstract: Two prominent Western observers of the economic transition and development in Russia and China evaluate and supplement the preceding paper (Malle, 2008), which compares the two economies by tracing their evolution from central planning to market-oriented systems. While in general supporting and agreeing with the premise of the comparative analysis presented in that paper, albeit pointing out some instances of disagreement, the authors add observations on the preconditions and structural differences between the countries, on the political context and framework of the transitions, as well as benchmarks for measuring China's success, and reasoned observations on the latter country's policies and China Economic Literature Index March 2010 Page 38 sustainable growth. He, Canfei, and Rong Fu, “Foreign Banking in China: A Study of 279 Branch Units in 32 Cities,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 49, No. 4, (August 2008), pp. 457-480. Abstract: Two China-based geographers examine the gradual relaxation of restrictions on the activity of foreign banks in China as a prelude to a more focused investigation of the concentrated locational pattern of foreign banking in that country. The study, which embraces 32 Chinese cities, emphasizes the factors that have attracted foreign banks to particular cities and regions of China, including the existence of special banking opportunities, the so-called "follow-the customer" strategy, externalities associated with major financial centers such as Beijing and Shanghai, relaxed banking regimes in particular urban centers and special economic zones, and exposure to international trade and to a variety of foreign business enterprises. The locational preferences of foreign banks in relation to their countries of origin are addressed in some detail. Liu, Weidong, Wei Wu, “Development of Local Financial Systems in Mainland China,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol.49, No. 2, (April 2008), pp. 160-179. Abstract: Two Beijing-based economic geographers present a comprehensive study of local financial systems in China. The paper analyzes the most recently available (2006) regional data on exogenous (state-owned, foreign-owned, and joint shareholder-owned) and endogenous (city commercial banks and rural credit cooperatives) banks, highlighting the differences between the country's coastal and the lagging rural provinces located in China's central and western macroregions. A key component of the analysis is the geographic distribution of bank branches and assets. Special attention is devoted to Shanghai, the country's traditional financial center, which has attracted the bulk of foreign-owned banks and financial service providers seeking entry into the vast Chinese market. Gaubatz, Piper, “Commercial Redevelopment and Regional Inequality in Urban China: Xining's Wangfujing?” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 49, No. 2, (April 2008), pp. 180-199. Abstract: An American urban geographer specializing in China explores whether a commercial and urban redevelopment model successful in Beijing (Wangfujing) can be transferred to a more remote region of the country (Qinghai Province), and whether the potential benefits outweigh the costs CHINA ECONOMIC LITERATURE INDEX March 2010 Page 39 of dismantling the traditional commercial core of the relatively large provincial capital of Xining, with one-half million inhabitants. The Xining project is investigated in the contexts of globalization, secondary globalization, and the diffusion of urban planning and development practices in China. The biases in Chinese planning practice toward methods employed in large eastern cities are considered in light of global trends toward neoliberalism and the new regionalism. Shen, Jianfa, “Hong Kong under Chinese Sovereignty: Economic Relations with Mainland China, 1978-2007,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 49, No. 3, (June 2008), pp. 326-340. Abstract: A Hong Kong-based economic geographer presents an array of statistical data through 2007 that place Hong Kong among the world's leading financial, foreign trade, and air cargo handling centers. The paper's main focus is the economic relationship with Mainland China, which has grown and expanded since the change of the city's sovereignty in 1997. Included in the presentation is a review of economic integration before and after the handover by the UK to China, the pattern of cross-border investments and foreign trade, the growth of the logistics and tourism industries, and the challenges posed by changing economic relations, partly due to the rapid development of Hong Kong's hinterland. Yeung, Henry Wai-Chung, and Weidong Liu, “Globalizing China: The rise of Mainland Firms in the Global Economy,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 49, No. 1, (February 2008), pp. 57-86. Abstract: Two economic geographers survey the changing trends of China's outward foreign direct investment. Based on materials derived from original field work as well as published studies, they shed light on the major mechanisms through which mainland China's leading firms have successfully ventured abroad, as evidenced by proposed or realized acquisitions of significant corporate entities in the United States, Africa, Europe, and elsewhere in Asia. The authors argue for a political-economy approach to understanding "globalizing China," a complex phenomenon whereby the Chinese state is strategically and intricately enmeshed with the corporate interests of its leading business firms. Miao, Chang-Hong, Yehua Dennis Wei, and Haitao Ma, “Technological Learning and Innovation in China in the Context of Globalization,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 48, No. 6, (December 2007), pp. 713-732. Abstract: A team of China- and U.S.-based geographers develops the theoretical China Economic Literature Index March 2010 Page 40 concept of "learning field" to advance the study of technological innovation through networking under conditions of ongoing globalization. The concept is applied in a survey of ca. 100 firms in the Zhengzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, located in a relatively underdeveloped region of China. The findings emphasize the different patterns and challenges confronting companies of differing size, property rights, and R&D capacities, as well as the variable extent to which technological learning is based on local versus global linkages and networking. Key elements involved in successful technological upgrading (in addition to networking) are identified, including market structure, competitive strategies, and capital. Also examined are the roles played by geographic, relational, and institutional factors in providing opportunities for learning and cooperation among firms in an industrial district. Prime, Penelope B., “China and India Enter Global Markets: A Review of Comparative Economic Development and Future Prospects,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 50, No. 6, (December 2009), pp. 621-642. Abstract: An American economist specializing in the economic and business development of China as well as India presents the results of a focused comparison of their emergence as global economic powers in the late 20(th) and early 21(st) centuries. More specifically, she selectively reviews the body of published research comparing China and India, with emphasis on the literature covering the two countries' economic achievements, the nature of reforms and institutions, as well as the overall social contexts within which development and growth are occurring. The author addresses such major questions as the importance of timing and location in the two countries' development trajectories as well as the implications of different modes of guidance (market versus state direction) for those trajectories. A concluding section identifies several possible directions for future research. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: F010, O110, O530, P200, P520. 1 figure, 2 tables, 120 references. Thomson, Elspeth, and Horii N, “China's Energy Security: Challenges and Priorities Source,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 50, No. 6, (December 2009), pp. 643-664. Abstract: In a companion paper to the essays comparing China's and India's economic rise (Prime, 2009) as well as India's energy security (Dadwal, 2009), two specialists on China's energy industries review the country's challenges posed by the need to dramatically increase energy use in order CHINA ECONOMIC LITERATURE INDEX March 2010 Page 41 to support economic growth while coping with pressures to reduce environmental impacts from emissions of greenhouse gases. After reviewing the current mix of fuels in the economy and discussing each major energy resource (in terms of proven reserves, production, consumption, and foreign import requirements), the authors focus on measures undertaken by the Chinese government and corporations to improve access to vital supplies. The paper covers efforts to enhance the country's energy security, which include diversifying sources of oil supply, purchasing oil and gas concessions and financing of energy infrastructure development in African and Central Asian countries, instituting reforms to encourage more efficient energy use, and developing alternative energy sources. Lin, George C. S., “Understanding Land Development Problems in Globalizing China Source,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 51, No. 1, (January 2010), pp. 80-103. Abstract: A noted specialist on China's urban and economic geography investigates the processes underlying the massive and occasionally wasteful practice of land development that has accompanied China's rapid economic advance. By critically juxtaposing elements of conventional neoliberal economic theory (e. g., the so-called "tragedy of the commons") with the actual exercise of land property rights and the practice of land development in transitional China, he argues that, contrary to Western experience, land property rights have evolved from the bottom up and thus functioned not as a bundle of standardized and uniform legal prerogatives but rather as a diverse set of local practices adaptable to regional conditions. The author illustrates these processes though a thorough review of Chinese laws and regulations as well as a case study of land development in a province (Guangdong) in which land development has been allowed to proceed more rapidly under a special economic regime and exposure to global forces. Liu, Weidong, Clifton W. Pannell, and Hongguang Liu, “The Global Economic Crisis and China's Foreign Trade Source,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 50, No. 5, (October 2009), pp. 497-512. Abstract: Two noted academic specialists on China's economic geography are joined by a research assistant to examine the impact of the current global economic crisis and recession on China's trade with the rest of the world. Relying on statistics collected by the country's customs administration China Economic Literature Index March 2010 Page 42 through the first half of 2009, the authors identify and analyze trends in China's imports and exports (detailing countries of origin and destination) as well as balance of trade. They also develop and present an input-output model in order to gain a more precise understanding of the country's trade dependence (both before and during the crisis) than afforded by analyses based on conventional statistics, and explore some of the implications of the decline in trade on levels of domestic unemployment. Cai, Fang, and Kam Wing Chan, “The Global Economic Crisis and Unemployment in China Source,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 50, No. 5, (October 2009), pp. 513-531. Abstract: Two noted academic specialists on labor economics and population statistics of China examine the impacts of the global economic crisis of 2008-2009 on the job security of urban workers, and the ensuing repercussions for the Chinese society and economy. More specifically, they probe and determine the magnitude of urban unemployment in China in 2008 and 2009 as it appears to be reported in different segments of the country's immense labor market. A particular focus of the paper is on differences in unemployment among two groups of workers (those with urban hukou vis-a-vis rural migrant workers) with significantly different sets of rights and privileges, as well as levels of job security. The authors also provide an estimate of the urban unemployment rate in 2009 that differs from the official rate. They argue that measures toward further integration of rural and urban labor markets and reducing natural unemployment are ultimately more beneficial than short-term interventions to adjust cyclical joblessness stemming from the global economic crisis and recession. Chou, Kuang-Hann, Chien-Hsun Chen, and Chao-Cheng Mai, “A Geospatial Analysis of China's Exports, 1991-2008,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 50, No. 5, (October 2009), pp. 532-546. Abstract: Three Taiwan-based economists employ a range of exploratory spatial data analysis tools (e.g., Moran's I and LISA statistics) to investigate trends in the growth of China's exports over the period 1991-2008. A particular focus is on the detection of spatial correlations between China and 40 export destination countries in major world regions. Emphasis in the paper on the key years of 1991, 2001, 2006, and 2008 has enabled the authors to analyze the impacts on China's trade of such major events as the country's accession to the World Trade Organization and the global CHINA ECONOMIC LITERATURE INDEX March 2010 Page 43 economic crisis of 2008-2009. The results of the spatial analysis reveal the continuing importance of the U. S. and Asian countries in China's export trade (despite changes in the character of trade relations) and identify the spatial outliers (e. g., in Latin America) that may serve as the basis for new export markets for China in the future. Yang, Chonglin, and Jessie P. H. Poon, “A Regional Analysis of China's Green GDP,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 50, No. 5, (October 2009), pp. 547-563. Abstract: Chinese economist and U.S.-based economic geographer investigate China's move toward introducing "greener" measures of economic output to better assess the environmental costs associated with the country's recent economic development. More specifically, the authors applied a model of green gross regional product (GGRP) that adjusts for the costs of growth arising from negative environmental externalities. They then conduct a spatial analysis of the indicator's distribution across China's provinces in 2007 in an attempt to better understand the factors explaining its patterns. The analysis indicates that once environmental externalities in the form of industrial wastes are accounted for, the coastal-inland divide that traditionally describes China's geography of income inequality is much less obvious. Rather a more diffuse pattern emerges, in which some poor provinces are found to be relatively efficient regional producers whereas certain wealthier ones are not. Kaminski, Bartlomiej, and Gael Raballand, “Entrepot for Chinese Consumer Goods in Central Asia: The Puzzle of Re-exports through Kyrgyz Bazaars,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 50, No. 5, (October 2009), pp. 581-590. Abstract: Relying on mirror foreign trade statistics and their reconciliation with official data on balance of payments, two economists demonstrate the important role of bazaars as major conduits of trade in Central Asia, and particularly of Kyrgyz bazaars for the entry of Chinese consumer goods into the region. The authors estimate that in recent years up to three quarters of the goods imported by Kyrgyzstan have been unofficially re-exported to other Central Asian countries, generating substantial income for the Kyrgyz economy. A concluding section explores the implications of the re-export trade for Kyrgyzstan (e.g., positive spillovers for domestic light industry) as well as the potential emergence of new competitors (e.g., Kazakhstan). Wang, Enru, “The Service Sector in the Chinese Economy: A Geographic Appraisal,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 50, No. 3, (June 2009), pp. 275-300. China Economic Literature Index March 2010 Page 44 Abstract: A U.S.-based economic geographer and observer of China's economy examines the rapid expansion of the country's largely overlooked service sector, at both the national and regional levels. A particular focus of the author's research is on identifying regional variations in the development of services within the country and exploring some of the more important contributing factors. Based on the findings, the paper also discusses structural shifts that occurred in China's regional economics, disclosing inter alia that inequality in the contribution of services to GDP did not follow the same trajectory as that of employment in services. 《 China Economic Literature Index》 Explanatory Note:On the Journals Journal Rate of Publication Latest Available Publication China Economic Review quarterly March 2010 China and World Economy bimonthly December 2009 Chinese Economy bimonthly February 2010 quarterly February 2010 quarterly June 2009 5 issues per year December 2009 quarterly March 2010 quarterly March 2010 quarterly March 2010 bimonthly February 2010 biannual January 2010 Journal of Chinese Economic & Business Studies Issues and Studies Pacific Economic Review Journal of Contemporary China International Review of Economics & Finance Modern China Eurasian Geography and Economics China Journal CHINA ECONOMIC LITERATURE INDEX March 2010 Page 45 《 China Economic Literature Index》 < China Economic Literature Index > intends to provide an immediate and comprehensive index for professionals to understand the economic development in China. 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