Download Practice Final Examination Identify the author: A. Aristotle B. Hobbes

Practice Final Examination
Identify the author:
A. Aristotle B. Hobbes C. Locke D. Rousseau E. Marx F. Rawls G. Nozick
1. D
2. C
3. F
4. C
5. G
6. E
7. G
8. D
9. B
10. D
11. C
12. B
13. A
14. D
15. E
16. B
17. G
18. F
19. C
20. B
21. G
22. F
23. C
24. B
25. A
26.! Mill and Locke would agree that c.! government should limit itself to preventing
harm to others
27.! Distributive justice by definition concerns b.!
the distribution of goods and
responsibilities in a society
28.! A theory of justice that determines degrees of justice according to who has what
now, or in some future equilibrium state, is a a.! end-result theory
29.! A theory of justice that determines degrees of justice according to a slogan of the
form "From each according to ________, to each according to _______," is a b.
!
patterned theory
30.! A theory of justice that determines degrees of justice according to how a
distribution came about is a c.! historical theory
31.! Murray's laws imply that d.!
welfare programs naturally tend to increase in cost
32.! One could defend a welfare "safety net," giving the poor basic necessities but
nothing more, by appealing to d.!
Marx's theory of justice
33.! Under Rawls's "veil of ignorance," e.!a, b and c
34.! Rawls's two principles of justice are: I.!
Each person has equal right to the most
extensive liberties compatible with similar liberties for others II.! Each person has equal
right to the most extensive basic liberties compatible with similar basic liberties for
others III.! Social and economic inequalities are arranged so that they are expected to
benefit all and attached to positions open to all IV.! Social and economic inequalities
are arranged so that they follow the theory of just transfer V.! Social and economic
inequalities are arranged so as to maximize the benefit to all b.!II and III
35.! In the original position, according to Rawls, we would e.! all of the above
36.! Rawls's maximin principle says that inequalities are justified only if d.!they
maximize the welfare of the least advantaged
37.! Aristotle believes that goods in a society should be distributed according to
a.! merit
38.! "He that is nourished by the acorns he picked up under an oak... has certainly
appropriated them to himself. Nobody can deny that the nourishment is his. I ask, then
when did they begin to be his?"
c.! when he picked them up
39.! In Locke's view, anyone under a government is obligated to obey its laws, because
b.! he or she has tacitly consented to be subject to those laws
40.! Locke asserts that governments are constructed to c.!
preserve property
41.! Locke maintains that a government may tax you only a.! with the consent of the
majority
42.! Rousseau maintains that a government may tax you only c.! if the tax accords
with the general will
43.! In appropriations from nature, there must be "enough and as good left in common
for others." This is meant to c.! ensure that others aren't worse off because of your
acquisition
44.! For Mill, unlike Locke, the limits of government depend on c.! what in fact makes
people happy
45.! If your will conflicts with the general will, then, according to Rousseau, d.! all of
the above
46.! Rousseau, unlike Locke, believes that private property c.! is subordinate to the
community's right to all
47.! What is NOT a feature of Rousseau's social contract? a.! it must be unanimously
adopted
48.! Rousseau's theory of distributive justice in On the Social Contract might be
summarized as c.! tolerate neither rich men nor beggars
49.! Rousseau believes that the social contract can transform human beings, because
a.! inequality has made them artificial
50.! The solution to the problem of how each can unite with all while remaining as free
as before is, for Rousseau, c. the social contract
51.! Money changes Locke's state of nature because c.! it allows people to acquire
more than they can immediately use
52.! Contemporary Marxist approaches to distributive justice focus primarily on e.
meeting people's needs
53.! The Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (1950) falls
under the issue of b. jus in bello (justice in the conduct of war)
54.! Just war theory stems from Aristotle's reflections on c. rectificatory justice
55.! The domestic analogy analyzes issues of war and peace by analogy to conflicts
between b. individual people
Practice Midterm / Optional Final Exam
Identify the authors of the following quotations. The possibilities:
A. Aristotle
B. Burke
C. Kant
D. Mill
1. C
2. A
3. A
4. D
5. B
6. B
7. A
8. B
9. D.
10. A
11. B
12. D
13. A
14. D
15. B
16. D
17. C
18. A
19. C
20. C
21. D
22. C
23. C
24. B
25. D
26.! "It is through laws that we can become good," Aristotle says, advocating d.
paternalism
27.! For Aristotle, most people become good by d. doing good things
28.! For Mill, the ultimate appeal on all ethical questions is d. utility
29. According to Mill, a fully self-regarding act is e. a, b, and c
30. Mill's harm principle implies that the government should not interfere with any c. selfregarding actions
31.! The view that the government may protect lives, health, and safety against the
injurious exercise of a citizen of his own rights, b. contradicts the harm principle
32.! Hedonism is the thesis that d. pleasure and pain are the only ultimate sources of
value
33.! Mill believes that when moral rules conflict, d. we should apply the principle of
utility
34.! "Better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied," Mill says, because d.
humans can experience pleasures of higher quality
35. "When a person is led to violate a distinct and assignable obligation to any other
person or persons," his/her act becomes b. other-regarding
36.! Applying Bentham's moral calculus to an act requires b. computing pleasures and
pains for everyone affected
37.! Burke and Mill would agree that e. ultimate goods differ in kind
38.! The application of prisoners' dilemmas to environmental issues underscores
c. the need for effective cooperation
39.! Mill's idea that pleasures differ in quality opens his view to the objection that
c. value incommensurability makes calculation impossible
40. Bentham and Mill define utility as the tendency to e. produce pleasure or prevent
pain
41. Who, among the philosophers we've studied, are consequentialists?
c. Bentham and Mill only
42.! If markets can control pollution better than bureaucracies, it is because
b. markets capitalize on personal incentive and information
43.! Which is a public good? c. an airport
44. William Bennett writes, in support of drug laws, "government has a responsibility to
craft and uphold laws that help educate citizens about right and wrong." His view of
liberty is closest to d. Aristotle's
45.! Mill's central argument for the harm principle is that a. following it will maximize
happiness
46. Which argument about the environment would a utilitarian reject? a. biological
diversity is intrinsically valuable
47.! Assuming that Kant's view (of a person as an end in herself/himself) has
ramifications for sexual morality, which of the following would appear decidedly wrong:
b. failure to disclose a risky sexual history
48.! Kant argues against the permissibility of suicide by b. appealing to one's future self
as belonging to the kingdom of ends
49. Which is NOT implied by the categorical imperative? e. maximize good
50. An action must be performed, according to Kant, if d. its omission could not be willed
as a universal law of nature
51. Burke stresses tradition because e. all of the above
52. If Kant thought that respect required more than respect for autonomy, it would
emerge in his finding which of these immoral? d. prostitution
53. Bentham and Kant would agree that d. morality stems from one principle
54. Burke and Mill would agree on all of the following, EXCEPT e. conflicts may be
resolved by appeal to utility
55. In Mill, the principle of utility is to secondary principles as a. premises are to
conclusions