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Cancer Answers Non-Communicable Diseases Lesson 7 What Is Cancer? The development of abnormal cells that divide uncontrollably and have the ability to invade and destroy normal body tissue. What Causes Cancer? Mutations in DNA *Some mutations cannot repair themselves, causing the cells to grow and become cancerous.* Can live beyond a normal cell life span – causes cancer cells to accumulate Cancer Cells Clusters of cancer cells can form a tumor. Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue Benign and malignant Benign Tumor Not cancerous Does not spread to other parts of the body. Usually can be removed and do not grow back. Malignant Tumor Cancerous May spread to other parts of the body Cells can break away from tumor and enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system Can form new tumors in other parts of body Increasing Your Risk Factors known to increase your risk of cancer: Habits Family history/heredity Health conditions Environment Tan Much??? Cancer Stats Most common = skin cancer Most common in males = prostate Most common in females = breast Leading cause of cancer deaths = lung Common cancers in teens = lymphoma, bone, germ cell, leukemia, and brain tumors 2009 Estimated US Cancer Deaths* Lung & bronchus 30% Men 292,540 Women 269,800 26% Lung & bronchus 15% Breast Prostate 9% Colon & rectum 9% 9% Colon & rectum Pancreas 6% 6% Pancreas Leukemia 4% 5% Ovary Liver & intrahepatic bile duct 4% 4% Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Esophagus 4% 3% Leukemia Urinary bladder 3% 3% Uterine corpus Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 3% 2% Liver & intrahepatic bile duct Kidney & renal pelvis 3% 2% Brain/ONS 25% 25% All other sites ONS=Other nervous system. Source: American Cancer Society, 2009. All other sites US Mortality, 2006 Rank Cause of Death No. of % of all deaths deaths 1. Heart Diseases 631,636 26.0 2. Cancer 559,888 23.1 3. Cerebrovascular diseases 137,119 5.7 4. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 124,583 5.1 5. Accidents (unintentional injuries) 121,599 5.0 6. Diabetes mellitus 72,449 3.0 7. Alzheimer disease 72,432 3.0 8. Influenza & pneumonia 56,326 2.3 9. Nephritis* 45,344 1.9 10. Septicemia 34,234 1.4 *Includes nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis. Source: US Mortality Data 2006, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009.