Download Notes

World War II
The Rise of Dictators – a dictator is a
ruler who holds absolute power,
usually with the support of a military
Benito Mussolini
October, 1922 marched on
Rome, King Victor
Emmanuel III fearing revolt
put Mussolini in charge
he was called Il Duce - the
leader
Fascism - dictatorial one-party
rule, extreme form of
nationalism, no individual
rights, loyalty to their leader,
believed each class had its
place
Adolph Hitler
Germany
Nazism - German style of
fascism,
Arrested in 1923, wrote Mein
Kampf
Given title of chancellor by the
President of Germany
Support due to his beliefs
–Germany was ill-treated by
the Treaty of Versailles
–Strong sense of nationalism
and pride for the German
people
–Rebuild the economy
–Rebuild the military - Brown
shirts
Able to get his party elected
Asked for and was granted
dictatorial power
Took control of economy
Banned other political parties
Put millions to work in
military, factories and
building highways
Josef Stalin
Bolshevik Revolution – led
by Lenin
Renamed Russian territories
USSR – Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics
USSR
After Lenin’s death and a
power struggle, Stalin was
victorious and became dictator
Killed over 8 million of his
own people establishing his
power
Stalin & USSR
Communism – belief that property
and businesses should be
collectively owned for everyone’s
benefit, but really for the benefit of
the government
Japan
 General Hideki Tojo - Prime Minister
 Was imperialistic
 Attacked Manchuria in 1931
 Invaded China in 1937
 Attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941
Road to War
Japan invades Manchuria and
later China
Italy invades Ethiopia
Civil War in Spain with
Francisco Franco
Germany disobeys the Treaty of
Versailles-Rhineland
Axis Powers
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis-1936
–Axis - a straight line around
which an object rotates.
Hitler and Mussolini expected
their alliance to become the
axis around which Europe
would rotate
The Anschluss-1937
Germanys take over and
absorption of Austria
This was against the Treaty and
Great Britain and France did
nothing
Czechoslovakia was next to
create the Third Reich (German
Empire)
The Munich Conference-1938
Germany, France, Great Britain and
Italy
Appeasement- giving in, letting
Germany have their way
Gave Germany the Sudetenland
And Germany would “respect”
Czechoslovakia’s borders
August 13, 1941
Germany and Russia
Non-aggression Pactagreement with Russia and
Germany to NOT attack or
fight each other, they would
split Poland
This will prevent Germany from having to
fight on more fronts than they are ready to.
10 year agreement
http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/pact
.htm
Russia…in the meantime...
Sept 17, 1939
Takes troops to the eastern part of
Poland and invades
Also took Lithuania, Latvia and
Estonia
Sept 29, 1939 - Nazis and Soviets divide
up Poland
Germany invades Poland
Great Britain and France declare war
on Germany
Blitzkrieg - lightning warfare,
quick onslaught starting with
airplanes dropping bombs,
then sending in the heavy
artillery and troops
Finland was the only country to
resist, although they were
outnumbered they fought through
the difficult winter. Many Soviet
troops died, but by sheer numbers
were finally able to defeat the
Finns.
Dec 14, 1939 - Soviet Union expelled from the
League of Nations
Invasions throughout Europe
Maginot Line - line of
fortifications that
separated Germany and
France: sitzkrieg
Germany invades Denmark
and Norway, both fall fairly
easily
France Falls
May 26, 1940
Battle of Dunkirk (Miracle)- port city
in France, major evacuation of
338,000 soldiers by British ships
Italy joins Germany and attacks France
from the South.
Paris is captured and June 22, 1940
France surrenders
http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timel
ine/dunkirk.htm
Charles de Gaulle
French general
Set up and exiled government
in London
Organized the Free French military
and continued to fight the Nazis in
France until its liberation
Spain
1936,Civil War led by General
Francisco Franco against Communists
and Socialists that were elected
Hitler and Mussolini send assistance as
they are against communism
Franco is successful
Winston Churchill
The sole voice against the
appeasement policy of the
Munich Conference
New British Prime Minister after
Neville Chamberlain
Once France was conquered by the
Germans, Great Britain was the next
target
The Battle of Britain
Summer 1940, air raids by the
Luftwaffe
Bombing of airfields, factories and then
the cities
In October, night raids began and
continued until Hitler called off the
attacks the following May
Eastern Front and Mediterranean
North Africa - specifically
Egypt
Erwin Rommel - “Desert Fox” Afrika Korps
Hitler invades the Balkans and
quickly Bulgaria, Romania and
Hungary join the Axis powers
Public Opinion
Initially isolationist
America First Committee –
extremely isolationist
Election of 1940, FDR defeats
Wendell Willkie
The United States
Series of Neutrality Acts –1939,
shift from selling only non
military items to sale of
weapons
Cash and carry- Paid cash &
carried on own ships
U.S. Neutrality Acts
 1935 – No weapons could be sold to
warring nations
 1936 – Extended the previous for another
year and added any nations that joined in
war
 1937 – Extended both previous acts and
placed bans on travel by U.S. citizens on
vessels owned by belligerent countries
July 3, 1941
U.S. continued
Destroyers for Bases
September 1940 – in exchange
for the right to build bases in
the Caribbean, FDR sends 50
old destroyers to Great Britain
October 5,
1941
U.S. continued
Lend-Lease Act- Could lend or
lease arms or supplies to any
nation considered “vital”
Hemispheric Defense Zoneclaimed area of Atlantic Ocean
neutral.
Atlantic Charter
FDR and Winston Churchill
meet face to face
Discuss post war world,
democracy, economics, free
trade and freedom of the seas
U.S. Actions
U.S. declares “shoot on sight”
policy toward German submarines
Puts economic pressure on Japan
Sends aid to China
Freezes Japanese assets in the U.S.
and reduces oil shipments to Japan
Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941
2,400 Americans killed, 1000
wounded
Sank or damaged 21 ships
FDR and Congress declare war
on Japan
http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2004/winter/images/pearl-harbor.jpg
http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/fi/0000016b.jpg
http://www.historypla
ce.com/worldwar2/w
w2-pix/declare.jpg
December 11, 1941
Germany and Italy both declare
war on the United States of
America
The U.S. gears up the economy
and military for the war
http://www.meredith.edu/summer-reading/roosevelt/images/411212DecofWarGerItal.jpg
U.S. Timeline
 1935-1937 – Neutrality Acts
 1939 – Cash & Carry
 9/1940 - Selective Service Act
 3/1941 – Lend Lease Act
 8/1941 – Atlantic Charter
 Summer 1941 – Japanese/U.S diplomacy
 10-11/1941 – German U-boats attacks
 12/1941 – Attack of Pearl Harbor
The U.S.A. during war
 Executive order 8802 – fair hiring practices
for any job funded with government money
 Executive order 9066 – Certain areas in the
U.S. can be designated as war zones and
people can be removed from these areas.
 Office of War Information
 Rationing
 Bracero Program
 Women’s Army Corps (WAC)
WWII U.S. Home Front
 Initially isolationist
 Government controls war economy
 Women work in industry
 Japanese Americans interned
 Mexican workers move north
 African Americans seek equality
Victory in Europe
 Led by Dwight D. Eisenhower
 Normandy – D-Day
 Battle of the Bulge
 Navajo Code Talkers
Holocaust
Nazi killing over 6 million
Jews
Gestapo – German secret
police
Kristallnacht – night of
broken glass, destruction of
Jewish homes & businesses,
many dead or injured
Nuremburg Laws
Took away Jews citizenship
Made them wear the Star of
David
Took away their jobs and
property
Final Solution
Concentration Camps – place
where Jews were sent to work
to death, attached to
extermination camps
Poland – where most of these
camps were found
Hitler invades Russia
June,22, 1941- blitzkrieg invasion
As Russians retreated they used
the scorched-earth policy
Surrounded Leningrad and starved them,
bombed warehouses of food
The city refused to fall
Hitler moves on to Moscow
Met by Soviet General Georgi Zhukov
and fresh Siberian troops
Arrival of winter
Germans dug in - “No Retreat”
Held the line for nearly two years, but
Moscow was saved
Known as Battle of Stalingrad
On to victory for the Allies
 Dwight D. Eisenhower led Allied troops on
D-Day to storm the beaches of Normandy to
regain France.
 Battle of the Bulge-Allied troops hold off
Germans and force German withdraw.
 May 8 1945 Germany surrenders V-E Day
(Victory in Europe)
War in the Pacific
 See worksheets
Causes
 European destruction from WWI
 Weakness of League of Nations
 Germans & Italians resent Treaty of
Versailles
 Great Depression helps rise of fascist
leaders
 Aggression by Axis Powers, militarism
 European appeasement fails
 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
Effects
 Europe and Japan are destroyed
 Certain European colonies gain
independence
 Cold War begins with the Soviet Union and
the United States
 U.S. becomes a world power
 African Americans pursue civil rights
Powers and their Leaders
 Great Britain
 Winston Churchill
 France
 Charles de Gaulle
 Soviet Union
 Joseph Stalin
 United States
 Franklin D. Roosevelt
 Germany
 Adolf Hitler
 Italy
 Benito Mussolini
 Japan
 Hideki Tojo, general
 Hirohito, emperor
Turning Points of the War
 1942 Battle of Midway
 1942-43 Battle of Stalingrad
 1942 Battle of El Alamein
 1944 D-Day invasion at beach in France
 1945 Manhattan Project
Yalta Conference
 FDR, Churchill, & Stalin
 February 1945
 Agreed that Poland, Bulgaria & Romania
would hold free elections
 Soviets agree to assist in war in Pacific
Potsdam Conference
 Truman, Stalin & Clement Atlee
 July, 1945
 Agreed to divide Germany into four parts
occupied by U.S., GB, F, & SU
 New borders & free elections for Poland
 Soviets again agree to help in the Pacific
Post War World
 USA & SU become superpowers
 Imperialism declines
 International Cooperation
 United Nations
 Geneva Convention
 Nuremberg Trials
1.Appeasement
5.
Stalin
2. Genocide
3. Hitler
6. FDR
7.
Battle of
the Bulge
4.
Mussolini
8. Blitzkrieg
9. Third Reich
10. Truman
11. Battle of 12. Nagasaki
Stalingrad
13. Hiroshima
14.Erwin
Rommel
15. Churchill
16. Internment
camps
17. Midway
18. E.O. 8802
19. Nonaggression
20. Great
Britain
21. Poland
22. Bracero
Program
23. Germany
24. Russia
1. Kamikaze
2. Anschluss
3.Facism
4.Genocide
5. Maginot Line
6. Holocaust
7. Munich
Conference
8. Pearl Harbor
9. Japan
10. Italy
11. Egypt
12. Charles de
Gaulle
13. Douglas
MacArthur
14. Lend Lease
15. Isolationism
16. Nuremburg
Laws
17. Kristallnacht 18. Allies
19. Axis
20. Propaganda
21. Manhattan
Project
23. V-E Day
24. V-J Day
22.D-Day