Download Adaptive Video Streaming over CCN

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Adaptive Video Streaming
over ICN
draft-video-streaming-over-ICN-01.txt
presented by Cedric Westphal
Author/ Email: Author's name/Author's email
Version: V1.0(20YYMMDD)
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Video & ICN

Video streaming is an increasing share of Internet traffic

90% in 2017; Netflix consumes already over 1/3 of prime time web
traffic

Information-Centric Networks: a new architecture for
content delivery


Video IS content
Both adaptive video streaming and ICN attempt to solve
the bandwidth scarcity, but in different ways:


Video streaming: By adapting demand to network conditions;

ICN: By making traffic demands local
Are these compatible?
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What’s new from -00 to -01?

Significant evolution

Version 00 was to start defining the problem

Generated interest from many people, discussed in Berlin,
now a group work item
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What’s new from -00 to -01?
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What’s new from -00 to -01?

Expanded the document to other forms of video streaming
beyond DASH, incl layered coding.

Considered P2P video streaming

Considered IPTV requirements

Expanded the DASH over CCN discussion to include
testbed and open source tools

Added a section on research challenges, incl wireless
environments and DRM.

Right now, in a gathering phase, not in a filtering phase
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From -00 to -01 to what?

Purpose of document is to generate discussion

Define the issues arising from running current video
streaming over ICN

Have we identified the relevant challenges?

Some of the sections start going into solutions

Maybe this can be put together into a different documents later on

Focus this document onto the video challenges as an
informational RFC

Current focus has been to run existing video streaming
services onto ICN -> should the goal be to design an ICN
specific video streaming solution?
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Layered Encoding

More of a place holder at this time: should we consider other
streaming mechanisms beyond DASH?

Advantage of layered approach: facilitate multicast, which is native
to ICN architectures
Similar issues:

what to cache (which layer? Where?)

Cache base layer first? Cache enhancement layers if room only? Cache
enhancement layers of popular contents?

How to name?


Naming syntax for each layer? How to update the MPD?
How to request content

1 interest = multiple layers? Does this violate some principles? Does client
decide which layers to request?

Synchronization issues?

Get all layers within the same time frame?
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Peer to Peer adaptive Video Streaming
(P2PVS) over ICN
Preliminary thoughts
Slide credit: Andrea Detti
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Towards Pull/Mesh model

P2PVS solutions can be roughly classified in two classes:

Push/Tree based


Pull/Mesh based


One overlay multicast three per quality layer
BitTorrent like
Pull/Mesh solutions seems the more promising candidate for
the ICN deployment, since most of ICN approach provides a
pull-based API

Peer to Peer Streaming Protocol (PPSP) working group is also
proposing a Pull/Mesh based architecture

PPSP over ICN
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Slide credit: Andrea Detti
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PPSP plain architecture
Peers exchange messages with tracker (e.g. to obtain peer lists) by
using the Tracker protocol
Peers exchange messages each other to request and upload video
chunk, or to advertize available chunks by using the Peer protocol
Tracker
Tracker protocol
(PPSP-TP)
Peer
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messages
Peer protocol
(PPSPP)
TCP/UDP
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TCP/UDP
Peer
10Slide
credit: Andrea Detti
PPSP architecture on top of a ICN
Support PPSP messages exchange through ICN GETs, e.g. by
uniquely naming each message
Support PPSP unsolicited message sendings, e.g. by optimized
polling of ICN GETs
Tracker
Tracker protocol
(PPSP-TP)
ICN GETs
ICN GETs
Peer
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Peer protocol
(PPSPP)
ICN GETs
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Peer
11
Slide credit: Andrea Detti
Possible Pro and Cons

Pro:

In network caching may boost performance/quality by reducing the load on
the low uplink bandwidth of peer (e.g. due to ADSL)


….
Cons:

to fetch a content X from a peer P the routing plane should knows that
content X is available on peer P. Availability of contents on peers has an
impact on global ICN routing plane. Scalability? Security?

The availability of different quality layers may reduce cache hit probability
“if” these layers are independent, like in H264 AVC

Scalable Video Coding (H264 SVC) may be better since quality layers
are not independent. Video chunks fetched by a low rate user are also
useful for an high rate user. (Not true in case of H264 AVC)
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Slide credit: Andrea Detti
IPTV
Aytac Azgin, Huawei
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Service Quality Assurance for IPTV


IPTV refers to “delivery of broadcast quality content over Internet”,
and is associated with strict service quality requirements, such as,
(channel change) latency and error recovery
Perceived latency during channel change needs to be small,
preferably less than 500ms


Mean time between artifacts needs to be large enough to envelop
the whole session, e.g., 2-4hours


Current solutions include, utilizing dedicated servers to deliver unicast catch-up
streams, connecting to other peers that subscribe to the same session,
simultaneously connecting to multiple session streams
Current solutions include, proactive FEC based recovery techniques (through
joining additional FEC streams), or reactive ARQ based recovery techniques
(through requests made towards dedicated servers, or other peers)
Delivery of IPTV service over IP has been studied extensively, with
many practical implementations to date
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Supporting IPTV Service Delivery in
Information Centric Networks

Emerging technologies combined with shifting consumer interests
towards higher quality content, such as Full-HD or Ultra-HD, with capable
mobile devices, will significantly increase the burden on service
providers

Information Centric Networking can effectively address these emerging
problems through its host-centric approach and many of its features,
such as in-network caching or session-less multicast


Multicast sessions are established inherently, on-the-fly, with aggregated requests

ICN allows for quick recovery from packet losses with the help of in-network caching

Peer cooperation is enabled by-default
Challenges still exist to support the service quality requirements for IPTV
using ICN such as messaging overhead, cache control, and accurate
access to content
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Challenges to Deliver IPTV over ICN (1)

How do we handle the increase in messaging overhead?




With ICN we have a pull-based architecture that support flow-balance
using request-response match
Increasing video quality requirements leads to an increase in the
number of requests, and session diversity limits the level of request
aggregation
What is the optimal request size to support flow balance while being
responsive enough to changes in network state?
How do we set and control the caching requirements?

IPTV content expires at a rapid rate and content needs to be flushed
out from the in-network caches frequently, and caching policies need
to be intelligent enough to determine what/when to remove quickly
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Challenges to Deliver IPTV over ICN (2)

How do we set and control the caching requirements?




We need a common naming convention to help the content routers make
consistent decisions
Content expiry decisions need to take into account system state, hence,
be adaptive to network load and user demands
How can we support client-side features such as rewind (that allows
access to earlier content) with minimal delay without having access to
content locally?
How do we ensure the accuracy of the received content?



Quick access to valid session information is required to acquire up-todate session content
How can we achieve this if content routers do not cooperate?
Stale data and short-term caches introduce additional delay and may
trigger frequent pause events
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Future Research Challenges
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Future Research Challenges
Currently listed:

Development of a generic video services (and obviously content)
interface allowing the definition and mapping of their requirements
(and characteristics) into the current capabilities of the network;

How to define a scalable mechanism allowing either the video
application at the terminal, or some kind of network management
entity, to adapt the video content in a dynamic way;

How to develop the previous research items using intrinsic ICN
mechanisms (i.e., naming and strategy layers);

Leverage intelligent pre-caching of content to prevent stalls and
poor quality phases, which lead to bad Quality of Experience of the
user.
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DASC & DRM
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